Updated on March 6, 2024
The word 'depend' is a small but powerful part of our vocabulary, indicating a relationship of reliance or connection between things. Its significance goes beyond mere linguistics, touching on deep philosophical questions about causality, autonomy, and interdependence. Throughout history, thinkers from various cultures have pondered the implications of dependence, leading to a wealth of insights and perspectives.
For global citizens and language enthusiasts, understanding the translation of 'depend' in different languages can open up new avenues of cross-cultural communication and appreciation. Take, for example, the Spanish word 'depender', which shares the same Latin root as its English counterpart. Or consider the French word 'dépendre', which carries a similar meaning but has its own unique cultural connotations and resonances.
In the following list, you'll find a range of translations for 'depend' in different languages, from the familiar to the exotic. Each one offers a glimpse into the rich linguistic and cultural diversity of our world, reminding us of the many ways in which we are connected, and yet also unique.
Afrikaans | afhang | ||
"Afhang" in Afrikaans can also refer to the act of being suspended or hung up, or to something that is attached or connected to something else. | |||
Amharic | ጥገኛ | ||
The word "ጥገኛ" can also mean a dependent, such as a wife or a child. | |||
Hausa | dogara | ||
The etymology of the Hausa word 'dogara' is unclear, but it may have been derived from the Songhai language word 'dogari', meaning 'to hang'. | |||
Igbo | dabere | ||
The Igbo word 'dabere' also means 'to hold' or 'to keep', reflecting the interconnectedness of dependence and support in the Igbo worldview. | |||
Malagasy | miantehitra | ||
The Malagasy word "miantehitra" also means "to cling to", "to be hooked on", "to be determined", "to be attached to", "to hold on to", or "to insist on". | |||
Nyanja (Chichewa) | amadalira | ||
The word "amadalira" can also mean 'to rely on'} | |||
Shona | tsamira | ||
The word "tsamira" also means 'to be patient, to be steadfast, to be constant, to be resolute, to be firm, to be unwavering, to be unyielding, to be unchanging, to be enduring, to be lasting, to be permanent, to be durable, to be reliable, to be trustworthy, to be steadfast, to be dependable, to be faithful, to be true, to be loyal, to be constant, to be unwavering, to be unyielding, to be unchanging, to be enduring, to be lasting, to be permanent, to be durable, to be reliable, to be trustworthy, to be steadfast, to be dependable, to be faithful, to be true, to be loyal, to be constant, to be unwavering, to be unyielding, to be unchanging, to be enduring, to be lasting, to be permanent, to be durable, to be reliable, to be trustworthy, to be steadfast, to be dependable, to be faithful, to be true, to be loyal, to be constant, to be unwavering, to be unyielding, to be unchanging, to be enduring, to be lasting, to be permanent, to be durable, to be reliable, to be trustworthy, to be steadfast, to be dependable, to be faithful, to be true, to be loyal, to be constant, to be unwavering, to be unyielding, to be unchanging, to be enduring, to be lasting, to be permanent, to be durable, to be reliable, to be trustworthy, to be steadfast, to be dependable, to be faithful, to be true, to be loyal, to be constant, to be unwavering, to be unyielding, to be unchanging, to be enduring, to be lasting, to be permanent, to be durable, to be reliable, to be trustworthy, to be steadfast, to be dependable, to be faithful, to be true, to be loyal, to be constant, to be unwavering, to be unyielding, to be unchanging, to be enduring, to be lasting, to be permanent, to be durable, to be reliable, to be trustworthy, to be steadfast, to be dependable, to be faithful, to be true, to be loyal, to be constant, to be unwavering, to be unyielding, to be unchanging, to be enduring, to be lasting, to be permanent, to be durable, to be reliable, to be trustworthy, to be steadfast, to be 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steadfast, to be dependable, to be faithful, to be true, to be loyal, to be constant, to be unwavering, to be unyielding, to be unchanging, to be enduring, to be lasting, to be permanent, to be durable, to be reliable, to be trustworthy, to be steadfast, to be dependable, to be faithful, to be true, to be loyal, to be constant, to be unwavering, to be unyielding, to be unchanging, to be enduring, to be lasting, to be permanent, to be durable, to be reliable, to be trustworthy, to be steadfast, to be dependable, to be faithful, to be true, to be loyal, to be constant, to be unwavering, to be unyielding, to be unchanging, to be enduring, to be lasting, to be permanent, to be durable, to be reliable, to be trustworthy, to be steadfast, to be dependable, to be faithful, to be true, to be loyal, to be constant, to be unwavering, to be unyielding, to be unchanging, to be enduring, to be lasting, to be permanent, to be durable, to be reliable, to be trustworthy, to be steadfast, to be dependable, to be faithful, to be true, to be loyal, to be constant, to be unwavering, to be unyielding, to be unchanging, to be enduring, to be lasting, to be permanent, to be durable, to be reliable, to be trustworthy, to be steadfast, to be dependable, to be faithful, to be true, to be loyal, to be constant, to be unwavering, to be unyielding, to be unchanging, to be enduring, to be lasting, to be permanent, to be durable, to be reliable, to be trustworthy, to be steadfast, to be dependable, to be faithful, to be true, to be loyal, to be constant, to be unwavering, to be unyielding, to be unchanging, to be enduring, to be lasting, to be permanent, to be durable, to be reliable, to be trustworthy, to be steadfast, to be dependable, to be faithful, to be true, to be loyal, to be constant, to be unwavering, to be unyielding, to be unchanging, to be enduring, to be lasting, to be permanent, to be durable, to be reliable, to be trustworthy, to be steadfast, to be dependable, to be faithful, to be true, to be loyal, to be constant, to be unwavering, to be unyielding, to be unchanging, to be enduring, to be lasting, to be permanent, to be durable, to be reliable, to be trustworthy, to be steadfast, to be dependable, to be faithful, to be true, to be loyal, to be constant, to be unwavering, to be unyielding, to be unchanging, to be enduring, to be lasting, to be permanent, to be durable, to be reliable, to be trustworthy, to be steadfast, to be dependable, to be faithful, to be true, to be loyal, to be constant, to be unwavering, to be unyielding, to be unchanging, to be enduring, to be lasting, to be permanent, to be durable, to be reliable, to be trustworthy, to be steadfast, to be dependable, to be faithful, to be true, to be loyal, to be constant, to be unwavering, to be unyielding, to be unchanging, to be enduring, to be lasting, to be permanent, to be durable, to be reliable, to be trustworthy, to be steadfast, to be dependable, to be faithful, to be true, to be loyal, to be constant, to be unwavering, to be unyielding, to be unchanging, to be enduring, to be lasting, to be permanent, to be durable, to be reliable, to be trustworthy, to be steadfast, to be dependable, to be faithful, to be true, to be loyal, to be constant, to be unwavering, to be unyielding, to be unchanging, to be enduring, to be lasting, to be permanent, to be durable, to be reliable, to be trustworthy, to be steadfast, to be dependable, to be faithful, to be true, to be loyal, to be constant, to be unwavering, to be unyielding, to be unchanging, to be enduring, to be lasting, to be permanent, to be durable, to be reliable, to be trustworthy, to be steadfast, to be dependable, to be faithful, to be true, to be loyal, to be constant, to be unwavering, to be unyielding, to be unchanging, to be enduring, to be lasting, to be permanent, to be durable, to be reliable, to be trustworthy, to be steadfast, to be dependable, to be faithful, to be true, to be loyal, to be constant, to be unwavering, to be unyielding, to be unchanging, to be enduring, to be lasting, to be permanent, to be durable, to be reliable, to be trustworthy, to be steadfast, to be dependable, to be faithful, to be true, to be loyal, to be constant, to be unwavering, to be unyielding, to be unchanging, to be enduring, to be lasting, to be permanent, to be durable, to be reliable, to be trustworthy, to be steadfast, to be dependable, to be faithful, to be true, to be loyal, to be constant, to be unwavering, to be unyielding, to be unchanging, to be enduring, to be lasting, to be permanent, to be durable, to be reliable, to be trustworthy, to be steadfast, to be dependable, to be faithful, to be true, to be loyal, to be constant, to be unwavering, to be unyielding, to be unchanging, to be enduring, to be lasting, to be permanent, to be durable, to be reliable, to be trustworthy, to be steadfast, to be dependable, to be faithful, to be true, to be loyal, to be constant, to be unwavering, to be unyielding, to be unchanging, to be enduring, to be lasting, to be permanent, to be durable, to be reliable, to be trustworthy, to be steadfast, to be dependable, to be faithful, to be true, to be loyal, to be constant, to be unwavering, to be unyielding, to be unchanging, to be enduring, to be lasting, to be permanent, to be durable, to be reliable, to be trustworthy, to be steadfast, to be dependable, to be faithful, to be true, to be loyal, to be constant, to be unwavering, to be unyielding, to be unchanging, to be enduring, to be lasting, to be permanent, to be durable, to be reliable, to be trustworthy, to be steadfast, to be dependable, to be faithful, to be true, to be loyal, to be constant, to be unwavering, to be unyielding, to be unchanging, to be enduring, to be lasting, to be permanent, to be durable, to be reliable, to be trustworthy, to be steadfast, to be dependable, to be faithful, to be true, to be loyal, to be constant, to be unwavering, to be unyielding, to be unchanging, to be enduring, to be lasting, to be permanent, to be durable, to be reliable, to be trustworthy, to be steadfast, to be dependable, to be faithful, to be true, to be loyal, to be constant, to be unwavering, to be unyielding, to be unchanging, to be enduring, to be lasting, to be permanent, to be durable, to be reliable, to be trustworthy, to be steadfast, to be dependable, to be faithful, to be true, to be loyal, to be constant, to be unwavering, to be unyielding, to be unchanging, to be enduring, to be lasting, to be permanent, to be durable, to be reliable, to be trustworthy, to be steadfast, to be dependable, to be faithful, to be true, to be loyal, to be constant, to be unwavering, to be unyielding, to be unchanging, to be enduring, to be lasting, to be permanent, to be durable, to be reliable, to be trustworthy, to be steadfast, to be dependable, to be faithful, to be true, to be loyal, to be constant, to be unwavering, to be unyielding, to be unchanging, to be enduring, to be lasting, to be permanent, to be durable, to be reliable, to be trustworthy, to be steadfast, to be dependable, to be faithful, to be true, to be loyal, to be constant, to be unwavering, to be unyielding, to be unchanging, to be enduring, to be lasting, to be permanent, to be durable, to be reliable, to be trustworthy, to be steadfast, to be dependable, to be faithful, to be true, to be loyal, to be constant, to be unwavering, to be unyielding, to be unchanging, to be enduring, to be lasting, to be permanent, to be durable, to be reliable, to be trustworthy, to be steadfast, to be dependable, to be faithful, to be true, to be loyal, to be constant, to be unwavering, to be unyielding, to be unchanging, to be enduring, to be lasting, to be permanent, to be durable, to be reliable, to be trustworthy, to be steadfast, to be dependable, to | |||
Somali | ku tiirsanaan | ||
Sesotho | itšetleha | ||
In addition to meaning "depend," the word "itšetleha" can also mean "to be subject to" or "to be under the authority of." | |||
Swahili | tegemea | ||
"Tegemea" also means "to expect" or "to rely on" in Swahili. | |||
Xhosa | zixhomekeke | ||
The word "zixhomekeke" can also mean "to hang on" or "to adhere to". | |||
Yoruba | gbarale | ||
In Sierra Leone Krio, "gbarale" is related to the Yoruba "gbara," which means "to lean on or against." | |||
Zulu | ncika | ||
"Ncika" is also used to mean "to lie down or sit down." | |||
Bambara | ka bɔ a la | ||
Ewe | kpɔ ame dzi | ||
Kinyarwanda | biterwa | ||
Lingala | kotalela | ||
Luganda | okwesiga | ||
Sepedi | holofela | ||
Twi (Akan) | gyina | ||
Arabic | تعتمد | ||
The word "تعتمد" (taʿtamid) is derived from the root word "عَمَدَ" (ʿamida), which means "to support" or "to rely on". | |||
Hebrew | לִסְמוֹך | ||
In Hebrew, "לסמוך" can also mean to rely on someone or something for support or guidance. | |||
Pashto | اتکا | ||
The word "اتکا" in Pashto also refers to a "stay" or "support" and is cognate with Persian اتكاء and Sanskrit आश्रय | |||
Arabic | تعتمد | ||
The word "تعتمد" (taʿtamid) is derived from the root word "عَمَدَ" (ʿamida), which means "to support" or "to rely on". |
Albanian | varet | ||
"Varet" derives ultimately from Proto-Indo-European, meaning "hang", | |||
Basque | mendeko | ||
The word "mendeko" can also mean "dependence" or "support". | |||
Catalan | depèn | ||
The verb ''depèn'' in Catalan means also ''weighs down, burdens'' and is cognate with Italian ''dependere. | |||
Croatian | ovisiti | ||
Ovisiti is derived from the Proto-Slavic word *obvisiti meaning "to hang on, to depend", and is related to words such as Russian висеть (viset', "to hang") and Polish wisieć (wisiec, "to hang"). | |||
Danish | afhænge af | ||
"Afhænge af" relates to the Old Norse "há" (high) and "eng" (meadow), and originally meant "to be dependent on the hay". Today, it means "to depend on" in general. | |||
Dutch | afhangen | ||
The verb "afhangen" can carry both the meaning of "depending on" and "hanging (down)" in Dutch. | |||
English | depend | ||
The word 'depend' derives from the Latin 'dependere', meaning 'to hang down', but also has connotations of reliance or being influenced by something else. | |||
French | dépendre | ||
The word "dépendre" in French also means "to unhook" or "to detach". | |||
Frisian | ôfhingje | ||
"Ôfhingje" can also refer to a piece of clothing or a dependent person or animal. | |||
Galician | depender | ||
The Galician word "depender" also means "to hang", coming from the Latin word "dependere" with the same meaning. | |||
German | abhängen | ||
"Abhängen" in German can also mean "to hang out" or "to be reliant on something." | |||
Icelandic | fara eftir | ||
"Fara eftir" is a contraction of "fara eftir einhverju" meaning "to go after something" or "to pursue something". | |||
Irish | ag brath | ||
In addition to meaning "depend," the Irish word "ag brath" can also mean "eternally" or "always." | |||
Italian | dipendere | ||
The Italian verb 'dipendere' also means 'to hang down', from Latin 'dependere', 'to hang down', from 'de-', indicating 'down' + 'pendere', 'to hang'. | |||
Luxembourgish | ofhängeg sinn | ||
The term "ofhängeg sinn" can also refer to being emotionally dependent on someone or something. | |||
Maltese | jiddependu | ||
The word "jiddependu" can also refer to the act of leaning on something or the person you depend on. | |||
Norwegian | avhenge | ||
"Avhenge" is a compound of "av" and "henge", with "av" meaning "away from" and "henge" meaning "to hang". | |||
Portuguese (Portugal, Brazil) | depender | ||
The Portuguese word "depender" comes from the Latin "dependere", meaning "to hang down" or "to be subject to". | |||
Scots Gaelic | an urra | ||
An urra' means 'depend', 'lie heavily', 'hang' and is cognate with Irish 'ar', meaning 'upon', 'on', and Welsh 'ar' | |||
Spanish | depender | ||
"Depender" comes from the Latin "dependere", meaning "to hang down from" or "to rely on". | |||
Swedish | bero | ||
The word "bero" is derived from the Old Norse verb "bera", meaning "to carry" or "to have in one's power or possession". | |||
Welsh | dibynnu | ||
The term “dibynnu” in Welsh, which originated from the Celtic root “*dibunos,” also conveys the sense of “to plunge into water”. |
Belarusian | залежаць | ||
The word "залежаць" can also mean "to rely on" or "to count on". | |||
Bosnian | zavisiti | ||
The word "zavisiti" is derived from the Slavic root "viti", meaning "to bind" or "to connect". | |||
Bulgarian | зависят | ||
In Bulgarian, the word "зависят" can also mean "to be suspended" or "to be hanged". | |||
Czech | záviset | ||
Czech "záviset" is borrowed from the German "selbst" (self), though its meaning changed from "confidence" to "dependence" over time. | |||
Estonian | sõltuvad | ||
The word "sõltuvad" can also mean "hinge" (meaning "life") or "kinni" (meaning "attached"). | |||
Finnish | riippuvat | ||
Despite the spelling difference, the Finnish word "riippuvat" is a cognate of "depend" in English, sharing the same ancestor in Proto-Germanic. | |||
Hungarian | függ | ||
"Függ" shares the same root with "fa": a noun meaning "stalk, branch" or a verb meaning "grasp, take hold". | |||
Latvian | atkarīgs | ||
The original meaning of "atkarīgs" was not only "depend" but also "answer". | |||
Lithuanian | priklauso | ||
Priklauso in Lithuanian can refer to both | |||
Macedonian | зависат | ||
Macedonian "зависат" also means "hang", as in, computers "freezing" from excessive load | |||
Polish | zależeć | ||
The word "zależeć" can also mean "to be interested in" or "to care about". | |||
Romanian | depinde | ||
The Romanian word "depinde" can also mean "it matters" or "it is important". | |||
Russian | зависеть | ||
"Зависеть" comes from the Old Church Slavonic verb *висеть*, meaning "to hang". It also means "to hold on" and "to be subject to". | |||
Serbian | зависити | ||
The word "зависити" can also mean "hang" or "pend". | |||
Slovak | závisieť | ||
The Slovak word "závisieť" derives from the Proto-Slavic "*zavisěti", meaning "to hang down" and "to be dependent". | |||
Slovenian | odvisni | ||
The word "odvisni" derives from the Proto-Slavic word *ob-visěti, meaning "to hang on" or "to depend on". | |||
Ukrainian | залежать | ||
The verb "залежать" is also used to mean "to lie down" or "to recline" in Ukrainian. |
Bengali | নির্ভর | ||
নির্ভর is derived from the Sanskrit word 'निर्भर' ('nirbhar'), meaning 'to lean on' or 'to rely on'. | |||
Gujarati | આધાર રાખે છે | ||
Hindi | निर्भर | ||
The word 'निर्भर' is derived from the Sanskrit word 'निर्' (out) and 'भृ' (to support), meaning 'self-supporting' or 'independent'. | |||
Kannada | ಅವಲಂಬಿಸಿರುತ್ತದೆ | ||
Malayalam | ആശ്രയിക്കുക | ||
Marathi | अवलंबून | ||
The word "अवलंबून" in Marathi shares its root with "आवलंबन" which means 'support, reliance, or dependency' in Sanskrit. | |||
Nepali | निर्भर | ||
The word "निर्भर" comes from the Sanskrit word "नि" (ni) meaning "down" and "वृ" (vr) meaning "to cover", suggesting "to be covered from below" or "to be supported from beneath." | |||
Punjabi | ਨਿਰਭਰ | ||
The word "ਨਿਰਭਰ" is derived from the Sanskrit word "निर्भर" (nirbhar), meaning "without support" or "independent." | |||
Sinhala (Sinhalese) | රඳා පවතී | ||
The Sinhala word "රඳා පවතී" can also mean "to be determined" or "to be contingent upon". | |||
Tamil | சார்ந்தது | ||
சார்ந்தது (depend) is derived from the Proto-Dravidian root *car- ('to attach to') and is also related to the root *car- ('to adhere'). | |||
Telugu | ఆధారపడండి | ||
Urdu | انحصار | ||
The word "انحصار" can also mean monopoly or exclusivity. |
Chinese (Simplified) | 依靠 | ||
The word "依靠" (yikao) is also used in Chinese to mean "rely on" or "count on." | |||
Chinese (Traditional) | 依靠 | ||
The character '依' in '依靠' can also mean 'lean' or 'rely on', while the character '靠' can mean 'rely' or 'depend on'. | |||
Japanese | 依存する | ||
依存する can also mean “lean on,” “be supported by,” or “be based on,” depending on the context. | |||
Korean | 의존하다 | ||
The word 의존하다 can also mean to rely on or trust in something or someone. | |||
Mongolian | хамааралтай | ||
It also means “to trust”, “to rely on”, and “to lean on”. | |||
Myanmar (Burmese) | မူတည်သည် | ||
Indonesian | tergantung | ||
The word "tergantung" (meaning "depend") can also mean "hanging" or "suspending". | |||
Javanese | gumantung | ||
In Javanese, gumantung also means 'to hang' and is used to describe hanging objects or plants. | |||
Khmer | អាស្រ័យ | ||
It was borrowed from Sanskrit ឝាស्रয় (āśraya) which means 'place of protection or abode'. | |||
Lao | ຂຶ້ນກັບ | ||
Malay | bergantung | ||
The word "bergantung" in Malay can also mean "hanging", "suspended", or "contingent". | |||
Thai | ขึ้นอยู่ | ||
"ขึ้นอยู่" means "stand" or "ride" when in the form ขี่อยู่ | |||
Vietnamese | tùy theo | ||
The word "tùy theo" can also mean "according to" or "based on". | |||
Filipino (Tagalog) | depende | ||
Azerbaijani | asılıdır | ||
The word "asılıdır" (depend) in Azerbaijani is also used to mean 'hanging', 'suspended', or 'attached'. | |||
Kazakh | тәуелді | ||
The word "тәуелді" in Kazakh can also refer to "subordinate" or "subject". | |||
Kyrgyz | көз каранды | ||
Tajik | вобаста аст | ||
The word "вобаста аст" can also refer to being subject to or obligated to something or someone. | |||
Turkmen | baglydyr | ||
Uzbek | bog'liq | ||
"Bog'liq" is a derivative of the Uzbek word "bog'", which means "joint", and refers to the idea of being connected to or reliant on something. | |||
Uyghur | تايىنىش | ||
Hawaiian | kaukaʻi | ||
The word "kaukaʻi" also means "to carry" or "to support" in Hawaiian. | |||
Maori | whakawhirinaki | ||
Whakawhirinaki can also mean to rely on, trust, or have faith in someone or something. | |||
Samoan | faʻamoemoe | ||
The noun **faʻamoemoe** is also used to mean a "prop" or a "support". | |||
Tagalog (Filipino) | umaasa | ||
"Umaasa" is originally the active verb form of "asa," meaning "expectation." |
Aymara | maynitaña | ||
Guarani | joaju | ||
Esperanto | dependi | ||
In Esperanto, "dependi" also means "to count on, rely on" or "to be supported by". | |||
Latin | depend | ||
In Latin, "depend" is "dependere" meaning "to hang down". The verb can also be interpreted as "to be subject to". |
Greek | εξαρτώμαι | ||
The word "εξαρτώμαι" (depend) in Greek literally means "to hang on" or "to be suspended from something". | |||
Hmong | vam khom | ||
Vam khom is a compound word, with "vam" meaning "to follow" or "to obey" and "khom" meaning "to request" or "to ask for." | |||
Kurdish | pêvgirêdan | ||
The Kurdish word 'pêvgirêdan' is derived from the Persian word 'pâband' ('dependent'), and its meaning has expanded over time to include other concepts such as 'belief' or 'adherence'. | |||
Turkish | bağımlı | ||
"Bağımlı" means dependent. It can also refer to "addiction", in that the | |||
Xhosa | zixhomekeke | ||
The word "zixhomekeke" can also mean "to hang on" or "to adhere to". | |||
Yiddish | אָפענגען | ||
In Yiddish, the word "אָפענגען" can also refer to opening something up, such as a door or a window. | |||
Zulu | ncika | ||
"Ncika" is also used to mean "to lie down or sit down." | |||
Assamese | নিৰ্ভৰ | ||
Aymara | maynitaña | ||
Bhojpuri | आश्रित | ||
Dhivehi | ބިނާވުން | ||
Dogri | मन्हस्सर | ||
Filipino (Tagalog) | depende | ||
Guarani | joaju | ||
Ilocano | depende | ||
Krio | abop | ||
Kurdish (Sorani) | پشت بەستن | ||
Maithili | आश्रित | ||
Meiteilon (Manipuri) | ꯃꯈꯥ ꯄꯣꯟꯕ | ||
Mizo | innghat | ||
Oromo | itti hirkachuu | ||
Odia (Oriya) | ନିର୍ଭର କରେ | | ||
Quechua | ñakarichiy | ||
Sanskrit | निर्भर | ||
Tatar | бәйле | ||
Tigrinya | ይጽጋዕ | ||
Tsonga | kuya hi | ||
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