Afrikaans oortree | ||
Albanian shkelin | ||
Amharic መጣስ | ||
Arabic ينتهك | ||
Armenian խախտել | ||
Assamese উলংঘা কৰা | ||
Aymara jan walt’ayaña | ||
Azerbaijani pozmaq | ||
Bambara ka sariya tiɲɛ | ||
Basque bortxatu | ||
Belarusian парушаць | ||
Bengali লঙ্ঘন করা | ||
Bhojpuri उल्लंघन करे के बा | ||
Bosnian prekršiti | ||
Bulgarian нарушават | ||
Catalan violar | ||
Cebuano makalapas | ||
Chinese (Simplified) 违反 | ||
Chinese (Traditional) 違反 | ||
Corsican viulà | ||
Croatian prekršiti | ||
Czech porušit | ||
Danish overtræder | ||
Dhivehi ޚިލާފުވުން | ||
Dogri उल्लंघन करना | ||
Dutch schenden | ||
English violate | ||
Esperanto malobservi | ||
Estonian rikkuma | ||
Ewe da le se dzi | ||
Filipino (Tagalog) lumabag | ||
Finnish rikkoa | ||
French violer | ||
Frisian oertrêdzje | ||
Galician violar | ||
Georgian არღვევს | ||
German verletzen | ||
Greek παραβιάζω | ||
Guarani oviola haguã | ||
Gujarati ઉલ્લંઘન | ||
Haitian Creole vyole | ||
Hausa keta | ||
Hawaiian hana ʻino | ||
Hebrew לְהָפֵר | ||
Hindi का उल्लंघन | ||
Hmong ua txhaum | ||
Hungarian megsérteni | ||
Icelandic brjóta | ||
Igbo mebie | ||
Ilocano aglabsing | ||
Indonesian melanggar | ||
Irish sárú | ||
Italian violare | ||
Japanese 違反する | ||
Javanese nglanggar | ||
Kannada ಉಲ್ಲಂಘಿಸಿ | ||
Kazakh бұзу | ||
Khmer រំលោភ | ||
Kinyarwanda kurenga | ||
Konkani उल्लंघन करप | ||
Korean 위반하다 | ||
Krio fɔ pwɛl di lɔ | ||
Kurdish birînkirin | ||
Kurdish (Sorani) پێشێلکردن | ||
Kyrgyz бузуу | ||
Lao ລະເມີດ | ||
Latin irrita faceremus | ||
Latvian pārkāpt | ||
Lingala kobuka mobeko | ||
Lithuanian pažeisti | ||
Luganda okumenya amateeka | ||
Luxembourgish verletzen | ||
Macedonian кршат | ||
Maithili उल्लंघन करब | ||
Malagasy mandika | ||
Malay melanggar | ||
Malayalam ലംഘിക്കുക | ||
Maltese tikser | ||
Maori takahi | ||
Marathi उल्लंघन | ||
Meiteilon (Manipuri) ꯋꯥꯌꯦꯜ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ꯫ | ||
Mizo bawhchhiat a ni | ||
Mongolian зөрчих | ||
Myanmar (Burmese) ချိုးဖောက် | ||
Nepali उल्लंघन गर्नुहोस् | ||
Norwegian bryte | ||
Nyanja (Chichewa) kuphwanya | ||
Odia (Oriya) ଉଲ୍ଲଂଘନ କରନ୍ତୁ | | ||
Oromo cabsuu | ||
Pashto سرغړونه | ||
Persian نقض | ||
Polish naruszać | ||
Portuguese (Portugal, Brazil) violar | ||
Punjabi ਉਲੰਘਣਾ | ||
Quechua violar | ||
Romanian încălca | ||
Russian нарушать | ||
Samoan soli | ||
Sanskrit उल्लङ्घनम् | ||
Scots Gaelic violate | ||
Sepedi roba molao | ||
Serbian прекршити | ||
Sesotho tlola | ||
Shona kutyora | ||
Sindhi خلاف ورزي | ||
Sinhala (Sinhalese) උල්ලං .නය කරන්න | ||
Slovak porušovať | ||
Slovenian kršijo | ||
Somali ku xad gudub | ||
Spanish violar | ||
Sundanese ngalanggar | ||
Swahili kukiuka | ||
Swedish kränka | ||
Tagalog (Filipino) lumabag | ||
Tajik вайрон кардан | ||
Tamil மீறு | ||
Tatar бозу | ||
Telugu ఉల్లంఘించండి | ||
Thai ละเมิด | ||
Tigrinya ምጥሓስ ምዃኑ’ዩ። | ||
Tsonga ku tlula nawu | ||
Turkish ihlal etmek | ||
Turkmen bozmak | ||
Twi (Akan) bu mmara so | ||
Ukrainian порушувати | ||
Urdu خلاف ورزی کرنا | ||
Uyghur خىلاپلىق قىلىش | ||
Uzbek buzmoq | ||
Vietnamese xâm phạm | ||
Welsh torri | ||
Xhosa yaphula | ||
Yiddish אָנרירן | ||
Yoruba ṣẹ | ||
Zulu ukwephula umthetho |
| Language | Etymology / Notes |
|---|---|
| Afrikaans | "Oortree" is related to "overtreden" (to transgress) and "overtreed" (to commit a crime). However, it also derives from the obsolete word "ortreden" (to tread on), which suggests a physical violation. |
| Albanian | The word "shkelin" in Albanian comes from the Latin word "scalere", meaning "to climb". It also has the alternate meaning of "to transgress". |
| Amharic | The verb "መጣስ" also has the meaning "touch" in Amharic, and is related to the noun "ጣስ", which means "finger". |
| Arabic | The verb "ينتهك" shares the root with the noun "المُنتهَك" meaning "a breach", hence signifying a "transgression" or "violation". |
| Armenian | Armenian խախտել means "disturb" and "break" too, which have the same Latin origin (rumpere) as "rupture". |
| Azerbaijani | The word "pozmaq" in Azerbaijani also means "to spoil" or "to waste". |
| Belarusian | The word "парушаць" in Belarusian also has the alternate meaning of "to break" when talking about objects or rules. |
| Bengali | লঙ্ঘন করা also means "transgression" or "breach" in Bengali. |
| Bosnian | "Prekršiti" is a verb in Bosnian that can also mean "to trespass" or "to infringe upon." |
| Bulgarian | The Bulgarian word "нарушават" also means "to interfere with" or "to disturb the peace." |
| Catalan | In Catalan, "violar" can also mean "to play the viola" |
| Chinese (Traditional) | 「違反」源自古代法令條文,原意為「悖逆、違背」。」} |
| Croatian | The word "prekršiti" in Croatian is derived from the Proto-Slavic word "*prěkъrstiti", meaning "to cross over". It can also mean "to infringe upon" or "to break". |
| Czech | The word "porušit" in Czech also means "to break" or "to infringe upon". |
| Danish | The word "overtræder" can also mean "to cross" or "to break". |
| Dutch | The verb "schenden" also means "to harm, injure, or damage" in Dutch. |
| Esperanto | Esperanto "malobservi" is the antonym of "observi" (to observe), and is derived from the Latin "malus" (bad) and "observare" (to observe). |
| Estonian | The word |
| Finnish | The word "rikkoa" can also mean "to break" or "to destroy". |
| Galician | In Galician, "violar" can also mean "to play the violin" or "to infringe a law or rule". |
| German | While 'verletzen' means 'violate', it can also refer to physical injury or damage. |
| Greek | "Παραβιάζω" also means "to exceed a speed limit". |
| Gujarati | ઉલ્લંઘન primarily means infringement or transgression and is an abstract noun. |
| Hausa | Hausa “keta” is thought to be related to the word for “break”, but can also mean “steal”, or “defile”. |
| Hebrew | The verb 'לְהָפֵר' ('lah-peer') in Hebrew can also mean 'to annul' or 'to break' (a law, contract, or covenant). |
| Hindi | "का उल्लंघन" is derived from the Sanskrit word "langhan" meaning "to transgress" or "to jump over". |
| Hmong | "Ua txhaum" is a Hmong word that also means "to break". |
| Hungarian | The verb "megsérteni" in Hungarian, meaning "to violate", has several derivatives, including "sérteni" (to hurt) and "sérülés" (injury). |
| Icelandic | The word "brjóta" in Icelandic can also mean "break", "snap", or "disrupt". |
| Indonesian | The word 'melanggar' in Indonesian has its roots in the Old Javanese word 'langgar', meaning 'to cross a boundary'. |
| Italian | "Violare" also means to "transgress" or "break" and comes from the Latin "violare," meaning "to treat with violence," and from "vis," meaning "force, violence." |
| Japanese | The verb 違反する can also mean 'to infringe', 'to contravene', or 'to transgress'. |
| Javanese | "Nglanggar" also means "crossing over" in Javanese, referring to a river or other boundary. |
| Kazakh | "Бұзу" can also mean "to break" or "to spoil" in Kazakh. |
| Khmer | The word "រំលោភ" (violate) in Khmer is derived from the Sanskrit word "lobha" (greed, desire). |
| Korean | The Sino-Korean word 위반하다 is derived from the Chinese characters 違反, which mean 'to go against'. It can also be used to mean 'to trespass' or 'to infringe'. |
| Kurdish | The word 'birînkirin' is derived from the Kurdish word 'birîn' ('wound') and the suffix '-kirin' ('to make'), meaning literally 'to make a wound' or 'to wound'. |
| Kyrgyz | Бузуу, meaning "violate" in Kyrgyz, also means "to become entangled" or "to have a fight". |
| Latin | "Irritare" literally means "to provoke" (as in "irritation") or to "make vain," in this case a promise. |
| Latvian | Pārkāpt comes from the verb “kāpt”, meaning “to step”, hence “pārkāpt” could also mean “to step across (or over)." |
| Lithuanian | Lithuanian word "pažeisti" derives from "žeidimui", a medieval injury payment based on social class. |
| Luxembourgish | The Luxembourgish word "verletzen" is derived from the Middle High German word "verlêzen", which means "to cause to lose" or "to damage". |
| Macedonian | The Slavic root *krŭšiti ('to crush, break') also yields Old Church Slavonic крѹшьтѫ ( |
| Malagasy | The Malagasy word |
| Malay | Melanggar can also mean 'to commit a crime' or 'to cross a line' in Malay. |
| Malayalam | The word 'ലംഘിക്കുക' is derived from the Sanskrit word 'langh', which means 'to jump' or 'to stride'. |
| Maltese | "Tikser" can also mean "tick", "twitch" or "touch" in Maltese. |
| Maori | The word takahi is a loanword from Cook Island Maori, where it means "strong" or "powerful" |
| Marathi | In Sanskrit, 'उल्लंघन' can also mean 'to leap over' or 'to transgress'. |
| Mongolian | "Зөрчих" is also used to refer to the act of breaking a law, rule, or agreement. |
| Norwegian | Bryte is also used in Norwegian to describe the act of 'breaking' something, like a rule or a contract. |
| Nyanja (Chichewa) | The word "kuphwanya" in Nyanja (Chichewa) can also mean "to destroy" or "to break" something. |
| Pashto | The word "سرغړونه" is also used in Pashto to describe the act of breaking a rule or law. |
| Persian | "نقض" originally meant 'to loosen' or 'to undo' |
| Polish | The word "naruszać" also means "to trespass" or "to encroach". |
| Portuguese (Portugal, Brazil) | Portuguese "violar" comes from Latin "violare", meaning "to outrage, defile, or destroy". |
| Punjabi | In some contexts, "ਉਲੰਘਣਾ" can also mean "to transgress" or "to break a rule or boundary." |
| Romanian | The word "încălca" in Romanian can also mean "to transgress" or "to infringe". |
| Russian | The verb also has the connotation of "to break" or "to infringe" and can be used in a variety of contexts, including legal, ethical, and social. |
| Samoan | The word "soli" can also mean "to wound" or "to injure" in Samoan. |
| Scots Gaelic | In Scots Gaelic, 'violate' means 'to defile' or 'to pollute' in addition to 'to violate'. |
| Serbian | The Serbian word "прекршити" ultimately derives from the Proto-Slavic root *perk-, meaning "to pass over". |
| Sesotho | The word "tlola" can also mean "to break" or "to transgress". |
| Shona | The word "kutyora" could mean either "deflower" or "to remove the first fruit from a tree"} |
| Sindhi | The word "خلاف ورزي" (violate) comes from Persian and also means "opposition" or "disobedience". |
| Slovak | The word "porušovať" comes from the Old Church Slavonic word "porušiti", meaning "to destroy". |
| Slovenian | "Kršijo" can also mean "transgress,""infringe upon," or "disobey." |
| Somali | "Ku xad gudub" can also mean to invade, infringe, or trespass. |
| Sundanese | "Ngalanggar" can also mean "to jump over" or "to cross" in Sundanese. |
| Swahili | The word 'kukiuka' in Swahili is derived from the Arabic word 'al-hukku' which means 'the right' or 'the just' |
| Swedish | Kränka can also mean "to abuse" or "to insult" in Swedish. |
| Tagalog (Filipino) | The word "lumabag" in Tagalog is derived from the Proto-Austronesian word "*labag", which means "to transgress" or "to violate." |
| Tajik | In Farsi, the word "vayron kardan" also means "to cause great harm or injustice to someone." |
| Tamil | The Tamil word "மீறு" can also mean "to exceed" or "to surpass." |
| Thai | In Thai, the word "ละเมิด" also means to "violate a law", "transgress", or "break a contract". |
| Turkish | "İhlal etmek" kelimenin kökeni Arapça "halel" sözüdür ve anlamı "bozma, yırtma veya delme, hasar verme" |
| Ukrainian | The Ukrainian word "порушувати" can also mean "to disturb" or "to interrupt". |
| Uzbek | The Uzbek word "buzmoq" also means "to break" or "to smash" something. |
| Vietnamese | The word "xâm phạm" is a Sino-Vietnamese compound that contains the classifier "xâm" and the verb "phạm", and it usually refers to violations of someone's rights or an authority figure's rules. |
| Welsh | The word "torri" is related to the Welsh word "torriad", meaning "an assault; a siege; a spoil." |
| Xhosa | The Xhosa word "yaphula" also means "to break a law or rule" or "to offend against morality or decency." |
| Yiddish | In Yiddish, the word "אָנרירן" (onriren) can also mean "to touch or handle" something. |
| Yoruba | "Ṣẹ" also means "offend" or "insult". |
| Zulu | The word "ukwephula umthetho" in Zulu can also mean "to break the law" or "to transgress". |
| English | "Violate" has roots in Latin meaning "to abuse, injure, or defile" and can refer to breaking the law, a treaty, or a trust. |