Afrikaans betoog | ||
Albanian protestë | ||
Amharic ተቃውሞ | ||
Arabic وقفة احتجاجية | ||
Armenian բողոք | ||
Assamese প্ৰতিবাদ | ||
Aymara unxtasiwi uñacht’ayañataki | ||
Azerbaijani etiraz | ||
Bambara protestation (ka sɔsɔli) kɛ | ||
Basque protesta | ||
Belarusian пратэст | ||
Bengali প্রতিবাদ | ||
Bhojpuri विरोध कइले बाड़न | ||
Bosnian protest | ||
Bulgarian протест | ||
Catalan protesta | ||
Cebuano protesta | ||
Chinese (Simplified) 抗议 | ||
Chinese (Traditional) 抗議 | ||
Corsican prutesta | ||
Croatian prosvjed | ||
Czech protest | ||
Danish protest | ||
Dhivehi މުޒާހަރާ | ||
Dogri विरोध प्रदर्शन | ||
Dutch protest | ||
English protest | ||
Esperanto protesti | ||
Estonian protest | ||
Ewe tsitretsiɖeŋunyawo gbɔgblɔ | ||
Filipino (Tagalog) protesta | ||
Finnish protesti | ||
French manifestation | ||
Frisian protest | ||
Galician protesta | ||
Georgian პროტესტი | ||
German protest | ||
Greek διαμαρτυρία | ||
Guarani protesta rehegua | ||
Gujarati વિરોધ | ||
Haitian Creole pwotestasyon | ||
Hausa rashin amincewa | ||
Hawaiian kūʻē | ||
Hebrew למחות | ||
Hindi विरोध | ||
Hmong tawm tsam | ||
Hungarian tiltakozás | ||
Icelandic mótmæla | ||
Igbo mkpesa | ||
Ilocano protesta | ||
Indonesian protes | ||
Irish agóid | ||
Italian protesta | ||
Japanese 抗議 | ||
Javanese protes | ||
Kannada ಪ್ರತಿಭಟನೆ | ||
Kazakh наразылық | ||
Khmer តវ៉ា | ||
Kinyarwanda imyigaragambyo | ||
Konkani निशेध केलो | ||
Korean 항의 | ||
Krio protest | ||
Kurdish liberrabûnî | ||
Kurdish (Sorani) ناڕەزایەتی دەربڕین | ||
Kyrgyz нааразычылык | ||
Lao ປະທ້ວງ | ||
Latin protestatio | ||
Latvian protests | ||
Lingala protestation ya bato | ||
Lithuanian protestuoti | ||
Luganda okwekalakaasa | ||
Luxembourgish protestéieren | ||
Macedonian протест | ||
Maithili विरोध प्रदर्शन | ||
Malagasy hetsi-panoherana | ||
Malay tunjuk perasaan | ||
Malayalam പ്രതിഷേധം | ||
Maltese jipprotestaw | ||
Maori whakahē | ||
Marathi निषेध | ||
Meiteilon (Manipuri) ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯇꯦꯁ꯭ꯠ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ꯫ | ||
Mizo nawrh huaihawt a ni | ||
Mongolian эсэргүүцэл | ||
Myanmar (Burmese) ဆန္ဒပြခဲ့ကြသည် | ||
Nepali विरोध | ||
Norwegian protest | ||
Nyanja (Chichewa) zionetsero | ||
Odia (Oriya) ବିରୋଧ | ||
Oromo mormii dhageessisaa | ||
Pashto لاريون | ||
Persian اعتراض | ||
Polish protest | ||
Portuguese (Portugal, Brazil) protesto | ||
Punjabi ਵਿਰੋਧ | ||
Quechua protesta ruway | ||
Romanian protest | ||
Russian протест | ||
Samoan teteʻe | ||
Sanskrit विरोधः | ||
Scots Gaelic gearan | ||
Sepedi boipelaetšo | ||
Serbian протест | ||
Sesotho boipelaetso | ||
Shona kuratidzira | ||
Sindhi احتجاج | ||
Sinhala (Sinhalese) විරෝධය | ||
Slovak protest | ||
Slovenian protest | ||
Somali mudaharaad | ||
Spanish protesta | ||
Sundanese protés | ||
Swahili maandamano | ||
Swedish protest | ||
Tagalog (Filipino) protesta | ||
Tajik эътироз кардан | ||
Tamil எதிர்ப்பு | ||
Tatar протест | ||
Telugu నిరసన | ||
Thai ประท้วง | ||
Tigrinya ተቓውሞኦም ኣስሚዖም | ||
Tsonga ku kombisa ku vilela | ||
Turkish protesto | ||
Turkmen nägilelik bildirdi | ||
Twi (Akan) ɔsɔretia a wɔde kyerɛ | ||
Ukrainian протест | ||
Urdu احتجاج | ||
Uyghur نامايىش | ||
Uzbek norozilik | ||
Vietnamese phản đối | ||
Welsh protest | ||
Xhosa uqhankqalazo | ||
Yiddish פּראָטעסט | ||
Yoruba ehonu | ||
Zulu ukubhikisha |
| Language | Etymology / Notes |
|---|---|
| Afrikaans | "Betoog" originates from the Middle Dutch word "betoghen", which means "show" or "prove". |
| Albanian | The word "protestë" can also mean to "declare solemnly" something, to "affirm". |
| Amharic | The word "ተቃውሞ" (protest) in Amharic also means "opposition" or "resistance". |
| Arabic | The word "وقفة احتجاجية" (protest) literally means "standing position" in Arabic, alluding to the practice of standing in protest. |
| Armenian | The Armenian word "բողոք" is derived from Persian origin and shares a common root with the word "to beg" |
| Azerbaijani | The word "etiraz" also means "objection" and is derived from the Persian word "e'tiraz". |
| Basque | Protesta can also mean 'evidence' or 'proof' in Basque. |
| Belarusian | Belarusian 'пратэст' is cognate with Latin 'protestari' via Polish 'protest' and has the original meaning of 'public declaration'. |
| Bengali | The word প্রতিবাদ (protibad) comes from the Sanskrit prefix prati-, meaning 'against', and the verb vad-, meaning 'to speak'. It can also mean 'opposition' or 'dissent'. |
| Bosnian | The word "protest" also means "demonstration" or "statement of disagreement" in Bosnian. |
| Bulgarian | The word "протест" in Bulgarian originally meant "solemn declaration" or "public notice", but now it primarily means "protest". |
| Catalan | The Catalan word "protesta" also means "declaration" or "manifestation". |
| Cebuano | The etymology of protesta (protest) in Cebuano is unknown, but it is cognate with the Spanish word protesta. |
| Chinese (Simplified) | The Chinese character "抗" (kàng) originally meant to "oppose" or "resist," and is still used in that sense in the context of military resistance. |
| Chinese (Traditional) | The character 抗 in 抗議 originally meant "to withstand," while 議 meant "discussion" or "argumentation." |
| Corsican | The Corsican word "prutesta" can also mean "complaint" or "quarrel". |
| Croatian | Prosvjed in Croatian can also refer to a formal legal document used to register a financial instrument, akin to a deed or promissory note in English. |
| Czech | In Czech, "protest" has the dual meaning of both "protest" and "signature". |
| Danish | In Danish, "protest" (protest) is thought to be derived from the Latin "protestari", meaning to declare or proclaim publicly. |
| Dutch | The Dutch word "protest" originally meant "a solemn declaration of innocence". |
| Esperanto | The word "protesti" in Esperanto can also mean "to declare" or "to affirm". |
| Estonian | In Estonian, the word "protest" has the additional connotation of "declaration" or "public statement." |
| Finnish | The Finnish word "protesti" derives from the Latin word "protestari", meaning "to declare publicly or solemnly". |
| French | The secondary meaning of "manifestation" in French, meaning "protest", derives from its original sense of "making something clear or evident from what is not yet apparent". |
| Frisian | The West Frisian word "protest" can also mean "complaint" or "grievance". |
| Galician | The word 'protesta' comes from the Latin 'protestare', meaning 'to declare publicly' or 'to bear witness'. |
| Georgian | "პროტესტი" also means "declaration, proclamation" in the context of notarization or certification |
| German | In German, the word 'Protest' can also refer to a formal objection to the payment of a bill or debt. |
| Greek | Διαμαρτυρία comes from the words 'δια-' (through) and 'μαρτύρομαι' (I bear witness), referring to the idea of openly expressing one's disagreement or discontent. |
| Gujarati | The word "વિરોધ" derives from the Sanskrit root "vi-rudh," meaning "to obstruct or oppose." |
| Haitian Creole | In French and many Haitian Creole dialects, |
| Hausa | The word "rashin amincewa" in Hausa can also mean "disagreement" or "refusal". |
| Hawaiian | Kūʻē, meaning 'protest,' can also refer to 'to stand against,' 'defy,' or 'oppose,' as in the 2019 Mauna Kea protest movement. |
| Hebrew | The word "למחות" can also mean "to wipe" or "to erase". |
| Hindi | The root word वि ('vi') means 'to divide,' 'to go apart,' 'to deviate' or 'to separate,' and can be found in the words विद ('vida') meaning 'to depart', 'to leave', and विग्रह ('vigraha') meaning 'disunion,' 'disagreement' or 'quarrel.' |
| Hmong | "Tawm tsam" in Hmong also means "to show one's disapproval or disagreement with something." |
| Hungarian | The word "tiltakozás" is derived from the verb "tiltani", meaning "to forbid" or "to prohibit." |
| Icelandic | The word "mótmæla" is derived from the verb "mæla, |
| Igbo | The word 'mkpesa' can also refer to a legal objection or a formal complaint. |
| Indonesian | Indonesian "protes" comes from Dutch "protest", meaning a formal declaration against a decision; while "demo" comes from English "demonstration". |
| Irish | "Agóid" derives from the Proto-Celtic root *aǵ-, meaning "to drive, lead, or urge." |
| Italian | The word "protesta" in Italian can also mean a formal act declaring the non-payment of a bill of exchange. |
| Japanese | The word 抗議 (kōgi) can also mean an objection or a complaint. |
| Javanese | In Javanese, "protes" not only means "protest" but also refers to a ritual act aimed at influencing unseen powers or forces. |
| Kannada | ಪ್ರತಿಭಟನೆ (pratibhaṭane) in Kannada also refers to an "objection" or "contradiction", similar to its cognate "protestation" in English. |
| Kazakh | The word "наразылық" can also refer to a complaint or grievance. |
| Khmer | The word "តវ៉ា" was borrowed from the French word "protestation". |
| Korean | The Korean word "항의" can also refer to a "statement of disapproval" or a "formal complaint". |
| Kurdish | The term 'liberrabûnî' is etymologically linked to the concept of 'freeing from oppression' |
| Lao | ປະທ້ວງ is derived from the Sanskrit word "prati", meaning "against", and "vad", meaning "to speak" or "to utter". |
| Latin | The Latin word Protestatio, the origin of “protest”, also meant “public declaration” and “witness,” which is why it was sometimes used to describe religious oaths and vows. |
| Latvian | Protests in Latvian literally translate to “evidence of presence” (protests). |
| Lithuanian | The word protestuoti can also mean to affirm, or to declare solemly, and is the origin for the word "protestantas". |
| Luxembourgish | "Protestéieren", meaning to protest in English, is also used to signify a failed payment in banking and commerce. |
| Macedonian | The word "протест" can also mean "a declaration of innocence" when used in a legal context. |
| Malagasy | "Hetsi-panoherana" can be literally understood as "to make something red," referring to the red kerchiefs or loincloths sometimes worn by protestors. |
| Malay | "Tunjuk perasaan" literally means "point-at-feeling" and is often understood in more than one way, reflecting different views of protest, but its origins are unknown |
| Malayalam | The word 'protest' in Malayalam, 'പ്രതിഷേധം', also has the alternate meaning of 'objection' or 'disagreement'. |
| Maltese | The word "jipprotestaw" also means "to object" or "to oppose". |
| Maori | Whakahē can also mean 'to explain' or 'to make plain' |
| Marathi | The word 'निषेध' (nishekh) in Marathi is a derivative of the Sanskrit word 'निषिद्ध' (nishiddha) which means 'forbidden' or 'prohibited'. |
| Mongolian | In addition to its literal meaning of "protest," "эсэргүүцэл" can also refer to the concept of "resistance" or "opposition." |
| Nepali | The word 'विरोध' ('protest') in Nepali comes from the Sanskrit root 'vṛdh', which means 'to grow' or 'to increase'. |
| Norwegian | In Norwegian, "protest" can also mean "certificate of protest". |
| Nyanja (Chichewa) | In Nyanja, "zionetsero" also means "a group of people who demonstrate". |
| Pashto | The word "لاريون" (protest) in Pashto is derived from the Arabic root "لاره" (to forbid, to prevent). |
| Persian | The word "اعتراض" (e'teraz) in Persian is derived from the Arabic word "عترض" (i'tarada), which means "to oppose", "to contradict", or "to object to". |
| Polish | The Polish word "protest" originates from Latin "protestari", meaning "to declare publicly", and is also used in the sense of a formal declaration or objection. |
| Portuguese (Portugal, Brazil) | "Protesto" is also a formal legal document recording the failure to honor a bill of exchange (a draft, a check, a bill of exchange, a promissory note)." |
| Romanian | In Romanian, the word 'protest' ('protest') is derived from Latin 'protestari', meaning 'to declare publicly' or 'to bear witness'. It also has the alternate meaning of 'to claim ownership' or 'to assert a right'. |
| Russian | In Russian, «протест» can also refer to a formal objection to a bill of exchange or promissory note. |
| Samoan | The word "teteʻe" can also refer to a "rejection" or "denial". |
| Scots Gaelic | The word "gearan" in Scots Gaelic can also refer to a "complaint" or "grievance". |
| Serbian | The word 'протест' (protest) derives from the Latin word 'protestari', meaning 'to assert or declare openly'. |
| Sesotho | The Sesotho word "boipelaetso" is thought to derive from the word "pele", which means "to cry out" or "to shout". |
| Shona | "Kuratidzira" also means "to resist" or "to stand firm". |
| Sindhi | Sindhi word "احتجاج" (protest) comes from the Arabic word "احتجاج" (argument, proof). |
| Sinhala (Sinhalese) | The word 'විරෝධය' originated from the Sanskrit word 'विरोध' (virodha) meaning 'contradiction', and signifies resistance to an unjust or unwanted situation. |
| Slovak | Slovenské slovo "protest" pochádza z latinského "protestari", čo znamená doslova "verejne vyhlásiť". |
| Slovenian | The Slovenian word "protest" can also mean "appeal". |
| Somali | "Mudaharaad" also means "debate" or "exchange of ideas" in Somali. |
| Spanish | The word 'protesta' in Spanish can also refer to a formal statement of disagreement or dissatisfaction. |
| Sundanese | The Sundanese word "protés" is derived from the Dutch word "protest", and can also mean "declaration of intent" or "notice". |
| Swahili | Maandamano, Swahili for 'protest', derives from the root 'andamana', meaning 'to walk with others' or 'to march'. |
| Swedish | "Protest" comes from Latin and means "to declare in public". |
| Tagalog (Filipino) | In Tagalog, "protesta" can also mean "declaration of innocence" or "plea of not guilty" in a legal proceeding. |
| Tajik | The word "эътироз кардан" ultimately derives from the Arabic word "iʿtirāḍ," which means "objection." |
| Telugu | నిరసన also means "opposition to authority" or "objection to a course of action". |
| Thai | The term "ประท้วง" in Thai can also refer to a formal petition or complaint filed to an authority. |
| Turkish | In Turkish, "protesto" can also refer to a formal document issued by a notary public, recording the non-payment of a bill of exchange or promissory note. |
| Ukrainian | Протест was originally used to refer to a formal declaration against a bill of exchange or promissory note, and still has this meaning in commercial law. |
| Urdu | The word "احتجاج" can also mean "argument" or "plea" in Urdu. |
| Uzbek | The word 'norozilik' is a derivative of the Persian word 'naoroz' ('new day'), referring to the tradition of public protests held on holidays and special occasions. |
| Vietnamese | The word "phản đối" is also used to mean "to object" or "to oppose" in Vietnamese. |
| Welsh | In Welsh, "protest" can also refer to a "formal announcement" or an "official complaint". |
| Xhosa | In Xhosa, "uqhankqalazo" also means "to show anger or annoyance" or "to make a fuss". |
| Yiddish | In Yiddish, “פּראָטעסט” (“protest”) can also mean to complain or object to something. |
| Yoruba | The word "ehonu" in Yoruba has roots in the phrase "eho ni o nu," meaning "it is this that I see." |
| Zulu | Ukubhikisha's alternate meaning is to 'beg' (for food). |
| English | The word protest derives from the Latin word 'protestari', meaning 'to affirm solemnly' or 'to declare publicly'. |