Afrikaans aanstootlik | ||
Albanian fyese | ||
Amharic አፀያፊ | ||
Arabic هجومي | ||
Armenian վիրավորական | ||
Assamese আক্ৰমণাত্মক | ||
Aymara asxarayasiri | ||
Azerbaijani təhqiramiz | ||
Bambara bagama | ||
Basque iraingarria | ||
Belarusian крыўдна | ||
Bengali আপত্তিকর | ||
Bhojpuri अप्रिय | ||
Bosnian uvredljiv | ||
Bulgarian обидно | ||
Catalan ofensiu | ||
Cebuano makasuko | ||
Chinese (Simplified) 进攻 | ||
Chinese (Traditional) 進攻 | ||
Corsican offensiva | ||
Croatian uvredljiv | ||
Czech urážlivý | ||
Danish offensiv | ||
Dhivehi އަނެކާ ދެރަވެދާނެފަދަ | ||
Dogri नरादरी | ||
Dutch aanvallend | ||
English offensive | ||
Esperanto ofenda | ||
Estonian solvav | ||
Ewe ɖia ame nu | ||
Filipino (Tagalog) nakakasakit | ||
Finnish loukkaava | ||
French offensive | ||
Frisian misledigjend | ||
Galician ofensivo | ||
Georgian შეურაცხმყოფელი | ||
German beleidigend | ||
Greek προσβλητικός | ||
Guarani royrõ | ||
Gujarati અપમાનજનક | ||
Haitian Creole ofansif | ||
Hausa m | ||
Hawaiian hōʻino | ||
Hebrew הֶתקֵפִי | ||
Hindi अपमानजनक | ||
Hmong neeg thuam | ||
Hungarian támadó | ||
Icelandic móðgandi | ||
Igbo mkpasu iwe | ||
Ilocano makaparurod | ||
Indonesian serangan | ||
Irish maslach | ||
Italian offensivo | ||
Japanese 攻撃 | ||
Javanese nyerang | ||
Kannada ಆಕ್ರಮಣಕಾರಿ | ||
Kazakh қорлайтын | ||
Khmer ការវាយលុក | ||
Kinyarwanda birababaje | ||
Konkani अपमानकारक | ||
Korean 공격 | ||
Krio bad bad tin | ||
Kurdish êriş | ||
Kurdish (Sorani) زبر | ||
Kyrgyz адепсиз | ||
Lao ການກະ ທຳ ຜິດ | ||
Latin ingrata | ||
Latvian aizskaroši | ||
Lingala ya nsoni | ||
Lithuanian agresyvus | ||
Luganda okutyoobola ekitiibwa | ||
Luxembourgish beleidegend | ||
Macedonian навредливи | ||
Maithili अप्रिय | ||
Malagasy manafintohina | ||
Malay menyinggung perasaan | ||
Malayalam കുറ്റകരമായ | ||
Maltese offensiv | ||
Maori whakatoi | ||
Marathi आक्षेपार्ह | ||
Meiteilon (Manipuri) ꯁꯥꯎꯅꯤꯡꯍꯟꯕ | ||
Mizo huatthlala | ||
Mongolian доромжилсон | ||
Myanmar (Burmese) ထိုးစစ် | ||
Nepali आपत्तिजनक | ||
Norwegian støtende | ||
Nyanja (Chichewa) zokhumudwitsa | ||
Odia (Oriya) ଆପତ୍ତିଜନକ | | ||
Oromo wanta nama aarsu | ||
Pashto سرغړونکی | ||
Persian توهین آمیز | ||
Polish ofensywa | ||
Portuguese (Portugal, Brazil) ofensiva | ||
Punjabi ਅਪਮਾਨਜਨਕ | ||
Quechua millapa | ||
Romanian ofensator | ||
Russian наступление | ||
Samoan faatiga | ||
Sanskrit आक्रामक | ||
Scots Gaelic oilbheumach | ||
Sepedi lehlapa | ||
Serbian увредљив | ||
Sesotho ho kgopisa | ||
Shona zvinogumbura | ||
Sindhi جارحتي | ||
Sinhala (Sinhalese) ආක්රමණශීලී | ||
Slovak urážlivé | ||
Slovenian žaljivo | ||
Somali weerar ah | ||
Spanish ofensiva | ||
Sundanese nyerang | ||
Swahili kukera | ||
Swedish offensiv | ||
Tagalog (Filipino) nakakasakit | ||
Tajik таҳқиромез | ||
Tamil தாக்குதல் | ||
Tatar рәнҗетүче | ||
Telugu ప్రమాదకర | ||
Thai ไม่พอใจ | ||
Tigrinya ፀያፍ | ||
Tsonga ndzhukano | ||
Turkish saldırgan | ||
Turkmen kemsidiji | ||
Twi (Akan) ntɔkwapɛ | ||
Ukrainian образливий | ||
Urdu جارحانہ | ||
Uyghur كىشىنى بىزار قىلىدۇ | ||
Uzbek tajovuzkor | ||
Vietnamese phản cảm | ||
Welsh sarhaus | ||
Xhosa ekhubekisayo | ||
Yiddish אַפענסיוו | ||
Yoruba ibinu | ||
Zulu kuyahlasela |
| Language | Etymology / Notes |
|---|---|
| Afrikaans | The Afrikaans word "aanstootlik" can also mean "stumbling block" or "impediment." |
| Albanian | The word "fyese" can also mean "disgusting" or "repulsive". |
| Amharic | The Amharic word "አፀያፊ" can also refer to a "stumbling block" or a "temptation" in a religious or moral context. |
| Arabic | The word "هجومي" can also mean an "attack" in Arabic, which is derived from the verb "هجم" meaning "to attack." |
| Armenian | The Armenian word "վիրավորական" is derived from the Indo-European root "*werg-", meaning "to turn or bend," and is related to the English word "wound." |
| Azerbaijani | The Azerbaijani word "təhqiramiz" is derived from the Persian word "tahqir", meaning "humiliation" or "disrespect". |
| Basque | The Basque word 'iraingarria' originates from 'irain', meaning 'to laugh mockingly', and is often used in the context of teasing or insults. |
| Belarusian | The word "крыўдна" in Belarusian also conveys a sense of deep hurt or emotional injury. |
| Bengali | The term "আপত্তিকর" literally means "objectionable" or "disagreeable" in Bengali. |
| Bosnian | "Uvredljiv" is derived from the Proto-Slavic word "vreda" meaning "harm". |
| Bulgarian | The word "обидно" can also mean "disappointing" or "hurtful" in Bulgarian. |
| Catalan | In Catalan, "ofensiu" has the same meaning as in English, but it also relates to the action of defending or protecting. |
| Cebuano | Makasuko can also mean 'to be dirty' or 'to be untidy'. |
| Chinese (Simplified) | 进攻 is also a term used for 'attack' in sports and warfare. |
| Chinese (Traditional) | "進攻" (offensive) shares the same etymology as "進行" (process), implying a sense of progressive action. |
| Corsican | In Corsican, "offensiva" also means "an opportunity". Possibly related to the French "à l'offensive" (attacking)? |
| Croatian | The word 'uvredljiv' also carries the meaning of 'hurtful', 'injurious', or 'damaging'. |
| Czech | The word "urážlivý" in Czech also has the alternate meaning of "disagreeable". |
| Danish | In Danish, the word "offensiv" can also mean "attack" or "offensive campaign." |
| Dutch | The noun 'aanval' (attack) in 'aanvallend' comes from the verb 'aanvallen' (to attack) and means 'the act of attacking'. Hence, 'aanvallend' means 'inclined to attack'. |
| Esperanto | The word 'ofenda' (offensive) is derived from the Latin verb 'offendere', meaning 'to strike against'. |
| Estonian | "Solvav" is probably derived from the Russian word "solvat'" (insult). |
| Finnish | The word “loukkaava” originally meant “causing pain” and is related to the word “loukkaantua” (“to get hurt”). |
| French | The French word 'offensive' can also mean 'pushing', 'aggressive' or 'annoying'. |
| Frisian | The Frisian word "misledigjend" is derived from the Old Frisian word "mislêden", meaning "to lead astray". |
| Galician | "Ofensivo" in Galician also means "defensive". |
| German | The German word "beleidigend" not only means "offensive" but also "insulting." |
| Greek | Προσβλητικός was derived from ancient Greek πρός (prós), meaning "towards" and βάλλω (bállō), meaning "to throw"} |
| Haitian Creole | The word "ofansif" can also be used to describe something that is unpleasant or unpleasant. |
| Hausa | In Hausa, "m" can also mean "mother" or "father." |
| Hawaiian | The word "hōʻino" can also mean "evil" or "wicked". |
| Hebrew | The word "הֶתקֵפִי" can also mean "aggressive" or "assertive" in Hebrew. |
| Hindi | "अपमानजनक" is a Hindi word that can mean either 'offensive' or 'humiliating'. |
| Hmong | "Neeg thuam" literally means "bad smell" in Hmong. |
| Hungarian | "Támadó" (offensive) comes from the verb "támad" (to attack), which in turn derives from the Proto-Ugric "*taγma-" (to fight). |
| Icelandic | The word "móðgandi" in Icelandic has its roots in the Old Norse word "módgur", meaning "irritated" or "angry". |
| Igbo | 'Mkpasu iwe' literally translates to 'bad writing' and can also refer to something disgusting. |
| Indonesian | The word 'serangan' also means 'attack' or 'raid' and is derived from the Malay word 'serang' meaning 'to attack'. |
| Irish | The word 'maslach' can also be used to describe something that is rude or disrespectful. |
| Italian | The Italian word "offensivo" can also mean "discourteous" or "rude". |
| Japanese | The word "攻撃" can also refer to an argument or criticism, and is related to the verb "攻める" meaning "to attack" or "to argue" |
| Javanese | The word 'nyerang' in Javanese also means 'to attack' or 'to invade'. |
| Kannada | ಆಕ್ರಮಣಕಾರಿ means 'aggressive' or 'hostile' and can also refer to something that is 'unpleasant' or 'annoying'. |
| Korean | The word "공격" (offensive) also means "attack" or "assault" in Korean. |
| Kurdish | The Kurdish word "êriş" is also used to refer to a "raid" or an "attack" in military contexts. |
| Kyrgyz | The word "адепсиз" in Kyrgyz translates to "offensive" and is rooted in the Kyrgyz word "адеп" meaning "custom." |
| Latin | The word "ingrata" in Latin can also mean "unfruitful" or "ungrateful". |
| Latvian | The word "aizskaroši" can also mean "hurtful" or "damaging". |
| Lithuanian | The word "agresyvus" in Lithuanian originates from the French word "agressif", meaning "aggressive". |
| Luxembourgish | "Beleidegend" is also used in Luxembourgish to describe something as being "annoying" or "irritating." |
| Macedonian | The Macedonian word "навредливи" can also mean "harmful" or "injurious". |
| Malagasy | "Manafintohina" is the name of a tree with reddish wood, which is used for construction. |
| Malay | "Menyinggung perasaan" is taken from "menyentuh perasaan" (lit. touch emotions), reflecting the literal meaning of "touch" as an emotional trigger. |
| Malayalam | In ancient Tamil, the word 'குற்றம்' (kuṟṟam) meant 'failing to do something'; later, it came to mean 'fault', 'sin', and even 'offence'. |
| Maltese | The Maltese word 'offensiv' originates from the Latin word 'offensus', meaning 'stumbling' or 'striking against'. |
| Maori | "Whakatoi" originates from the Maori word "toa," meaning "warrior," and is often used in a ceremonial context to convey the idea of strength, bravery, and defiance. |
| Marathi | The Marathi word "आक्षेपार्ह" (offensive) is derived from the Sanskrit word "आक्षेप" (objection), and also means "exceptionable" or "objectionable". |
| Mongolian | The word "доромжилсон" can also mean "bad" or "unfortunate" in Mongolian. |
| Myanmar (Burmese) | The word "ထိုးစစ်" ("offensive") can also refer to the first strike of an attack, or the starting of a lawsuit. |
| Nepali | The word "आपत्तिजनक" is derived from the Sanskrit word "आपत्ति," meaning "disapproval" or "objection." |
| Norwegian | The word "støtende" is derived from the Old Norse word "støyta", which means "to push" or "to hit". |
| Nyanja (Chichewa) | 'Zokhumudwitsa' originally meant 'to cause someone to be offended', but now also means 'offensive'. |
| Pashto | The word "سرغړونکی" in Pashto can also mean "a violator" or "a transgressor". |
| Persian | In Persian, the word "توهین آمیز" can also mean "insulting" or "humiliating." |
| Polish | The word ofensywa derives from Latin offendere "to strike against, offend, injure, vex, annoy, displease". |
| Portuguese (Portugal, Brazil) | Portuguese "ofensiva" is used to describe a situation that shocks or embarrasses someone, and not only to refer to an attack in war. |
| Punjabi | The word 'ਅਪਮਾਨਜਨਕ' is derived from the Sanskrit root 'अपमान्' (apamān), meaning 'disrespect' or 'contempt'. It can also refer to something that causes offense or is insulting. |
| Romanian | In the 18th and early 20th century, "ofensator" (ofensatoare, ofensa) also meant "insult" and it only acquired its current meaning in 1964, when Romania adopted a new penal code. |
| Russian | In Russian, "наступление" also refers to the "beginning" or "onset" of something. |
| Samoan | The word "faatiga" in Samoan can also mean "ugly" or "unattractive." |
| Scots Gaelic | The word 'oilbheumach' comes from Old Irish 'oilbhéim' meaning 'a blow, a wound, a sore or boil' |
| Serbian | "увредљив" comes from the Slavic root "vred", meaning "worth". Thus, "увредљив" literally means "degrading or diminishing someone's worth". |
| Sesotho | The word "ho kgopisa" can also mean "to make a person angry" or "to cause someone to feel offended". |
| Shona | The word 'zvinogumbura' is derived from the combination of two Shona words: 'zvino' meaning 'now' and 'gumbura' meaning 'to stir' or 'agitate'. This suggests that something offensive is something that 'stirs' or 'agitates' emotions or thoughts. |
| Sindhi | "جارحتي" is a Sindhi word meaning "offensive." |
| Sinhala (Sinhalese) | The word "ආක්රමණශීලී" can also mean "aggressive" or "invasive" in Sinhala, indicating a broader range of meanings than just "offensive". |
| Slovak | The term "urážlivé" is derived from the verb "urážať" which means "to insult, to offend, to hurt someone's feelings." |
| Slovenian | "Žaljivo" can also be a noun that means "an offense," "insult," "outrage," or "affront." |
| Somali | The word "weerar ah" is derived from the Somali word "weerar," which means "an attack" or "an act of aggression." |
| Spanish | "Ofensiva" in Spanish can also mean "offensive" in the military sense, and is the same word used for "attack". |
| Sundanese | The word "nyerang" can also mean "to start". |
| Swahili | The word 'kukera' can also be used to refer to an unpleasant smell, which originates from 'ukera', meaning 'to smell bad'. |
| Swedish | The Swedish word "offensiv" can also mean "offensive" in the sense of "an attack" or "a military operation." |
| Tagalog (Filipino) | The word "nakakasakit" is derived from the Tagalog word "sakit", which means "pain" or "soreness". |
| Tajik | The word “таҳқиромез” comes from the Persian combination of “تحقیر” and “آمیز”, meaning “disgrace” and “mixed”, thus resulting in “mixed with disgrace” or "offensive". |
| Telugu | The word "ప్రమాదకర" (offensive) can also mean "causing harm" or "injurious". |
| Thai | The word "ไม่พอใจ" literally means "not yet satisfied" in Thai, suggesting that something more offensive could be done if the offender is not satisfied. |
| Turkish | The word "saldırgan" can also mean "aggressive" or "predatory". |
| Ukrainian | In Ukrainian, the word "образливий" can also mean "insulting" or "hurtful". |
| Urdu | جارحانہ (offensive) is derived from the Arabic word جرح (jarh), meaning 'wound' or 'injury'. In Urdu, it can also mean 'harsh' or 'rude'. |
| Uzbek | The word "tajovuzkor" in Uzbek is derived from the Arabic word "ta'awwuz", which means "seeking refuge", and is used to describe things that are harmful or dangerous. |
| Vietnamese | Phản cảm literally means 'anti-sensible', and it can also refer to things that are unpleasant to the senses or against common sense. |
| Welsh | The word "sarhaus" in Welsh derives from the verb "sarhau" meaning "to insult". |
| Xhosa | The Xhosa word 'ekhubekisayo' also means "that which should be thrown away". |
| Yiddish | In Yiddish, "אַפענסיוו" can also mean "impetuous" or "hasty". |
| Yoruba | The Yoruba word "ibinu" can also refer to anger or irritation |
| Zulu | "Kuyahlasela" can also refer to causing a disturbance or being inconsiderate. |
| English | The word offensive can trace its roots back to the Latin verb offendere, which means to strike against, trip up, or cause another to stumble. |