Afrikaans bestuurder | ||
Albanian menaxher | ||
Amharic ሥራ አስኪያጅ | ||
Arabic مدير | ||
Armenian մենեջեր | ||
Assamese ব্যৱস্থাপক | ||
Aymara jirinti | ||
Azerbaijani menecer | ||
Bambara marabaga | ||
Basque kudeatzailea | ||
Belarusian менеджэр | ||
Bengali ম্যানেজার | ||
Bhojpuri प्रबंधक | ||
Bosnian menadžer | ||
Bulgarian управител | ||
Catalan gerent | ||
Cebuano manager | ||
Chinese (Simplified) 经理 | ||
Chinese (Traditional) 經理 | ||
Corsican direttore | ||
Croatian menadžer | ||
Czech manažer | ||
Danish manager | ||
Dhivehi މެނޭޖަރު | ||
Dogri मैनजर | ||
Dutch manager | ||
English manager | ||
Esperanto administranto | ||
Estonian juhataja | ||
Ewe dzikpɔla | ||
Filipino (Tagalog) manager | ||
Finnish johtaja | ||
French directeur | ||
Frisian behearder | ||
Galician xerente | ||
Georgian მენეჯერი | ||
German manager | ||
Greek διευθυντής | ||
Guarani motenondeha | ||
Gujarati મેનેજર | ||
Haitian Creole manadjè | ||
Hausa manajan | ||
Hawaiian luna hoʻokele | ||
Hebrew מנהל | ||
Hindi प्रबंधक | ||
Hmong tus tswj hwm | ||
Hungarian menedzser | ||
Icelandic framkvæmdastjóri | ||
Igbo njikwa | ||
Ilocano tagaimaton | ||
Indonesian pengelola | ||
Irish bainisteoir | ||
Italian manager | ||
Japanese マネージャー | ||
Javanese manager | ||
Kannada ವ್ಯವಸ್ಥಾಪಕ | ||
Kazakh менеджер | ||
Khmer អ្នកគ្រប់គ្រង | ||
Kinyarwanda umuyobozi | ||
Konkani वेवस्थापक | ||
Korean 매니저 | ||
Krio maneja | ||
Kurdish rêvebir | ||
Kurdish (Sorani) بەڕێوەبەر | ||
Kyrgyz менеджер | ||
Lao ຜູ້ຈັດການ | ||
Latin sit amet | ||
Latvian vadītājs | ||
Lingala mokonzi | ||
Lithuanian vadybininkas | ||
Luganda omukulu | ||
Luxembourgish manager | ||
Macedonian управител | ||
Maithili प्रबंधक | ||
Malagasy mpitantana | ||
Malay pengurus | ||
Malayalam മാനേജർ | ||
Maltese maniġer | ||
Maori kaiwhakahaere | ||
Marathi व्यवस्थापक | ||
Meiteilon (Manipuri) ꯁꯦꯟꯅꯕ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏ | ||
Mizo kaihruaitu | ||
Mongolian менежер | ||
Myanmar (Burmese) မန်နေဂျာ | ||
Nepali प्रबन्धक | ||
Norwegian sjef | ||
Nyanja (Chichewa) woyang'anira | ||
Odia (Oriya) ପରିଚାଳକ | ||
Oromo hoji-geggeessaa | ||
Pashto مدیر | ||
Persian مدیر | ||
Polish menedżer | ||
Portuguese (Portugal, Brazil) gerente | ||
Punjabi ਮੈਨੇਜਰ | ||
Quechua kamachiq | ||
Romanian administrator | ||
Russian управляющий делами | ||
Samoan pule | ||
Sanskrit प्रबंधकः | ||
Scots Gaelic manaidsear | ||
Sepedi molaodi | ||
Serbian управник | ||
Sesotho mookameli | ||
Shona maneja | ||
Sindhi مينيجر | ||
Sinhala (Sinhalese) කළමනාකරු | ||
Slovak manažér | ||
Slovenian vodja | ||
Somali maamule | ||
Spanish gerente | ||
Sundanese gerentes | ||
Swahili meneja | ||
Swedish chef | ||
Tagalog (Filipino) manager | ||
Tajik мудир | ||
Tamil மேலாளர் | ||
Tatar менеджер | ||
Telugu నిర్వాహకుడు | ||
Thai ผู้จัดการ | ||
Tigrinya ተቆፃፃሪ | ||
Tsonga mininjhere | ||
Turkish yönetici | ||
Turkmen dolandyryjy | ||
Twi (Akan) adwuma panin | ||
Ukrainian менеджер | ||
Urdu مینیجر | ||
Uyghur باشقۇرغۇچى | ||
Uzbek menejer | ||
Vietnamese giám đốc | ||
Welsh rheolwr | ||
Xhosa umphathi | ||
Yiddish פאַרוואַלטער | ||
Yoruba alakoso | ||
Zulu umphathi |
| Language | Etymology / Notes |
|---|---|
| Afrikaans | In addition to its meaning as "manager", "bestuurder" also refers to the steering wheel, rudder, or tiller of a vehicle or watercraft. |
| Albanian | The word 'menaxher' in Albanian is derived from the French word 'ménager' meaning 'to manage a household' or 'to be in charge' |
| Amharic | "ሥራ አስኪያጅ" means "manager" but it also carries the connotation of a "chief" or "leader". |
| Arabic | In Arabic, the word "مدير" also means "guide, director, or leader". |
| Armenian | The word "մենեջեր" can be a loanword to Armenian from English that directly relates its semantic meaning, or it can relate to the Armenian word "մենեկ" which means "one"} |
| Azerbaijani | Menecer ultimately derives from Greek but entered Azerbaijani through Russian with the alternate meaning of |
| Basque | The word "kudeatzailea" is also used to refer to a person who manages a household or a business. |
| Belarusian | The word "менеджэр" is a borrowing from English, where it has the same meaning and is derived from the French word "ménage", meaning "household". |
| Bengali | The Bengali word "ম্যানেজার" is a loanword from the English language. |
| Bosnian | "Menadžer" u bosanskom jeziku potiče od francuske riječi "ménagère" koja označava osobu zaduženu za kućanstvo ili upravnika zgrade. |
| Bulgarian | Derived from "управа" ("governance") and the suffix "-тел" ("one who does"), "управител" also denotes someone who acts or decides on behalf of another |
| Catalan | The word "gerent" in Catalan also originates from the Latin word "gerere," which means "to carry out" or "to manage," suggesting a similar etymological root to its English counterpart. |
| Cebuano | Cebuano does not have a native word for "manager", and so the Spanish word has been adopted. |
| Chinese (Simplified) | 经理 (jīnglǐ), "to handle affairs," also means to carry out orders. |
| Chinese (Traditional) | The word 經理 can also mean "to manage" or "to control" and is often used in the context of finance or business. |
| Corsican | In Corsican, "direttore" can also refer to a village elder or an administrative official in some contexts. |
| Croatian | In Croatian, the word "menadžer" can also refer to a team of people responsible for a specific task or project. |
| Czech | In Czech, the word "manažer" can also mean "husband" or "father". |
| Danish | In Danish, the word "manager" (pronounced "manager") also means "owner" or "proprietor." |
| Dutch | In Dutch, the word "manager" can also mean a horse trainer. |
| Esperanto | "Administranto" also refers to an administrator of an ecclesiastical district. |
| Estonian | "Juhataja" (manager) can also refer to a conductor or foreman in Estonian. |
| Finnish | "Johtaja" is historically related to the word "johto" (wire), as managers used to guide or connect people and resources. |
| French | The word "directeur" in French originally meant "straightener" or "guide", and is related to the word "directrice". |
| Frisian | The Frisian word "behearder" is derived from the verb "behearren" (meaning "to lead" or "to control") and the noun "hear" (meaning "army" or "group"), hence its meaning of "leader" or "manager." |
| Galician | The Galician word "xerente" derives from the Latin "gerens", meaning "carrying out or managing." |
| German | The German word "Manager" derives from the Old French "managier" (manager of a household) or Latin "manus agere," meaning "to handle with the hand." |
| Greek | While διευθυντής is commonly translated as 'manager', it is derived from the word διευθύνω, which means 'to direct, guide, or lead'. |
| Gujarati | The word "મેનેજર" has its origins in different meanings such as "to train horses". |
| Haitian Creole | Haitian Creole 'manadjè' also refers to an elder sibling. |
| Hausa | The word **manajan** also means "one who controls" in Hausa. |
| Hawaiian | The word "luna hoʻokele" has its roots in the Old Hawaiian word "luna," meaning "overseer" or "supervisor," and "hoʻokele," meaning "to manage" or "to direct." |
| Hebrew | The Hebrew word "מנהל" not only means "manager" but also "director", "administrator", "head", or "leader." |
| Hindi | The word "प्रबंधक" is derived from the Sanskrit word "प्रबंध" meaning "management", and can also be used to refer to a chief minister or other high-ranking official. |
| Hmong | The meaning of "tus tswj hwm" in Hmong has changed over time, from "leader of a group" to "manager of a business or organization." |
| Hungarian | In Hungarian, the word "menedzser" (manager) originally meant "horseman". |
| Icelandic | Frammkvæmdastjóri is also used for a managing director or chief executive officer. |
| Igbo | "Njïkwa" is also known as "Okwukwe" in some dialects of Igbo |
| Indonesian | The Indonesian word 'pengelola' can also refer to the person responsible for managing land or a garden. |
| Irish | The word "bainisteoir" in Irish is also used to refer to a person who manages a sports team. |
| Italian | The Italian word "manager" has Latin origins, deriving from the word "manus," meaning "hand," and "agere," meaning "to do," implying a person who directs and supervises others. |
| Japanese | マネージャー (manager) derives from the French term, "ménager," meaning someone who runs a household (or a business by extension). |
| Javanese | In Javanese, “manager” (manajer) is derived from the word “njangkar” which means “to supervise” or “to control”. |
| Kannada | In Kannada, "ವ್ಯವಸ್ಥಾಪಕ" (vyavasthapaka) traces its roots to Sanskrit and literally means "one who arranges or organizes". |
| Kazakh | The Kazakh word “менеджер" (“manager") derives from the English word “manage", which itself stems from the Latin word "manus" (“hand"), signifying one who controls (literally: “guides with the hand”). Its other common meaning, especially in colloquial Kazakh, is an “agent” (“a person who handles other people’s business affairs"). |
| Khmer | The word "អ្នកគ្រប់គ្រង" in Khmer has an alternative meaning of "master in charge of a household or a temple", and is derived from the Pali words "kara" (to do, to make), "bhara" (to bear, to support), and "ana" (a person). |
| Korean | "매니저" is a loanword from English, but in old Korean, it meant "housemaid" or "female servant." |
| Kurdish | Kurdish "rêvebir" is also used for "supervisor" and "chief" as it derives from Persian "ra'īsbīr", itself from Arabic "ra'īs". The word is not cognate with "rêwān" or "rêwîn" (both for "walking"). |
| Kyrgyz | The Kyrgyz word "менеджер" ultimately derives from the French word "ménager" meaning "to manage a household". |
| Latin | Although "sit amet" is commonly known as "manager" in Latin, it also holds alternate meanings such as "he/she loves" or "may/might love". |
| Latvian | The word "vadītājs" derives from the verb "vadīt", meaning "to lead" or "to guide". |
| Lithuanian | The word "vadybininkas" can also refer to "administrator" when not in the field of business. |
| Luxembourgish | In Luxembourgish, "Manager" also refers to a member of a committee or an elected official. |
| Macedonian | The Macedonian word "управител" also means "governor" or "administrator." |
| Malagasy | The Malagasy word "mpitantana" can also mean "director", "chief", "leader", or "supervisor." |
| Malay | The word 'pengurus' originates from the Javanese/Madurese word 'pengurus', which primarily means 'caretaker' or 'guardian'. It is also commonly used in Indonesian with the same meaning. |
| Malayalam | The Malayalam word 'മാനേജർ' is derived from the English word 'manager' and has the same meaning in Malayalam. |
| Maltese | The word "maniġer" in Maltese is derived from the Italian word "manifattore", meaning "manufacturer". |
| Maori | In Maori, "kaiwhakahaere" also refers to a traditional leader or guide who leads a group or community |
| Marathi | The word व्यवस्थापक (manager) in Marathi literally means someone who manages a system, arrangement, or situation. |
| Mongolian | The Mongolian word менежер also means "director" or "secretary". |
| Nepali | The word प्रबन्धक is derived from the Sanskrit word 'prabandha', meaning 'arrangement or management' and is cognate with the English word 'programme'. |
| Norwegian | Sjef originally meant the person responsible for the 'skiftet' (distribution) of the inheritance and can still have the meaning of a boss or leader. |
| Pashto | The term مدیر can refer either to a "manager" or to "the brain or cerebrum of a person." |
| Persian | The word "مدیر" is derived from the Arabic word "أمر" (amr), meaning "command" or "order". |
| Polish | The word 'menedżer' is derived from the French 'ménage' meaning 'household', and originally referred to someone who managed a noble's household. |
| Portuguese (Portugal, Brazil) | Portuguese "Gerente" derives from Latin's "Gerens": meaning "to bear, carry" and "administrare": "to manage, administer." |
| Punjabi | The word "ਮੈਨੇਜਰ" ("manager") comes from the French word "ménager", which means "to manage" or "to take care of". |
| Romanian | "Administrator" in Romanian comes from the Latin word "administrare," meaning "to manage" or "to control," and is also used to refer to a person who manages a property or an organization. |
| Russian | "Управляющий делами" in Russian literally translates to "manager of affairs" or "business manager". |
| Samoan | The word 'pule' can also refer to a chief or leader in Samoan culture. |
| Scots Gaelic | "Manaidsear" comes from the French "ménageur" meaning "steward or caretaker", ultimately from Latin "manere" meaning "to stay, remain" |
| Serbian | The Serbian word "управник" derives from the old Slavonic "upraviti" which means "to direct" and can also mean "governor" or "administrator". |
| Sesotho | The word "mookameli" is derived from the word "kama", meaning "to supervise". |
| Shona | The word "maneja" can also refer to an employee or a farm worker. |
| Sindhi | The Sindhi word "مينيجر" (manager) also means "a person who supervises or directs the work of others". |
| Slovak | The word 'manažér' in Slovak is derived from French and has the same meaning of 'manager', but also has the additional meaning of 'foreman'. |
| Slovenian | "Vodja" is derived from the word "voditi", meaning "to lead". |
| Somali | The word "maamule" in Somali is derived from the Arabic word "muʿāmil" meaning "manager" or "agent". |
| Spanish | The word 'gerente' comes from the Latin 'gerens' ('carrying') and originally referred to the person who carried the weight of a business. |
| Sundanese | The word "gerentes" in Sundanese comes from the Dutch word "gerante" meaning "supervisor". |
| Swahili | "Meneja" is derived from the Arabic word "mudir" meaning "guide" or "leader" |
| Swedish | The word "chef" in Swedish can also refer to the head of a government department, a military commander, or a leader of an organization. |
| Tagalog (Filipino) | In Tagalog, the term "manager" is borrowed from English while "pamamahala" refers to a position of managing or the management process. |
| Tajik | The word "мудир" in Tajik has Persian roots and can also mean "director" or "chief". |
| Tamil | The word "மேலாளர்" can also refer to a leader or a supervisor in Tamil. |
| Thai | ผู้จัดการ (Phu Chat Kan) derives from the Sanskrit word 'pradhana' meaning "chief" or "first". In the Thai language, the word means "manager" or "leader". |
| Turkish | The word 'yönetici' is derived from the verb 'yönetmek' meaning 'to direct' or 'to manage', and can also refer to an 'administrator', 'director', 'supervisor', or 'controller'. |
| Ukrainian | Менеджер походить від французького слова "mesnager" - "господарювати". |
| Urdu | The Urdu word "مینیجر" originates from the English word "manager" and is used to refer to a person who supervises or manages others in various contexts, such as business, sports, and entertainment. |
| Uzbek | The word "menejer" is derived from the French word "ménager" meaning "to manage household affairs". |
| Vietnamese | The word "giám đốc" is derived from the Chinese words " giám" (to oversee) and "đốc" (to guide), and can also refer to a leader, director, or principal. |
| Welsh | In the 1300s, 'rheolwr' meant 'judge', but now it usually means 'manager'. |
| Xhosa | The word "umphathi" is derived from the verb "phatha," meaning "to manage" or "to control." |
| Yiddish | The Yiddish word "פאַרוואַלטער" ("manager") derives from the German "verwalter" (steward), but can also refer to God, particularly in the context of Jewish mysticism. |
| Yoruba | The Yoruba word "alakoso" originates from "ako" (to arrange) and "soro" (to discuss), reflecting the manager's role in coordinating and communicating. |
| Zulu | The Zulu word 'umphathi' is also used to refer to a leader, chief, or overseer. |
| English | The word 'manager' is derived from the Latin word 'manus', meaning hand, and originally referred to a person who handled horses. |