Afrikaans werkgewer | ||
Albanian punëdhënësi | ||
Amharic አሠሪ | ||
Arabic صاحب العمل | ||
Armenian գործատու | ||
Assamese নিয়োগকৰ্তা | ||
Aymara irnaqayiri | ||
Azerbaijani işəgötürən | ||
Bambara ka ta baara la | ||
Basque enpresaria | ||
Belarusian працадаўца | ||
Bengali নিয়োগকর্তা | ||
Bhojpuri नियोक्ता | ||
Bosnian poslodavac | ||
Bulgarian работодател | ||
Catalan empresari | ||
Cebuano amo | ||
Chinese (Simplified) 雇主 | ||
Chinese (Traditional) 雇主 | ||
Corsican impiegatore | ||
Croatian poslodavac | ||
Czech zaměstnavatel | ||
Danish arbejdsgiver | ||
Dhivehi ވަޒީފާދޭ ފަރާތް | ||
Dogri नियोक्ता | ||
Dutch werkgever | ||
English employer | ||
Esperanto dunganto | ||
Estonian tööandja | ||
Ewe dɔtɔ | ||
Filipino (Tagalog) employer | ||
Finnish työnantaja | ||
French employeur | ||
Frisian wurkjouwer | ||
Galician empresario | ||
Georgian დამსაქმებელი | ||
German arbeitgeber | ||
Greek εργοδότης | ||
Guarani momba'apóva | ||
Gujarati એમ્પ્લોયર | ||
Haitian Creole anplwayè | ||
Hausa ma'aikaci | ||
Hawaiian haku hana | ||
Hebrew מעסיק | ||
Hindi नियोक्ता | ||
Hmong tug tswv zog | ||
Hungarian munkáltató | ||
Icelandic vinnuveitandi | ||
Igbo were mmadụ n'ọrụ | ||
Ilocano amo | ||
Indonesian majikan | ||
Irish fostóir | ||
Italian datore di lavoro | ||
Japanese 雇用者 | ||
Javanese juragan | ||
Kannada ಉದ್ಯೋಗದಾತ | ||
Kazakh жұмыс беруші | ||
Khmer និយោជក | ||
Kinyarwanda umukoresha | ||
Konkani धनी | ||
Korean 고용주 | ||
Krio bɔsman | ||
Kurdish karda | ||
Kurdish (Sorani) خاوەنکار | ||
Kyrgyz жумуш берүүчү | ||
Lao ນາຍຈ້າງ | ||
Latin dico: | ||
Latvian darba devējs | ||
Lingala patron | ||
Lithuanian darbdavys | ||
Luganda omukulu | ||
Luxembourgish patron | ||
Macedonian работодавачот | ||
Maithili नियोक्ता | ||
Malagasy mpampiasa | ||
Malay majikan | ||
Malayalam തൊഴിലുടമ | ||
Maltese min iħaddem | ||
Maori kaituku mahi | ||
Marathi नियोक्ता | ||
Meiteilon (Manipuri) ꯊꯕꯛ ꯄꯤꯕ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏ | ||
Mizo ruaitu | ||
Mongolian ажил олгогч | ||
Myanmar (Burmese) အလုပ်ရှင် | ||
Nepali रोजगारदाता | ||
Norwegian arbeidsgiver | ||
Nyanja (Chichewa) wolemba ntchito | ||
Odia (Oriya) ନିଯୁକ୍ତିଦାତା | | ||
Oromo kan qacaru | ||
Pashto کارګمارونکی | ||
Persian کارفرما | ||
Polish pracodawca | ||
Portuguese (Portugal, Brazil) empregador | ||
Punjabi ਮਾਲਕ | ||
Quechua llamkachiq | ||
Romanian angajator | ||
Russian работодатель | ||
Samoan falefaigaluega | ||
Sanskrit विनियोक्तृ | ||
Scots Gaelic fastaiche | ||
Sepedi mongmošomo | ||
Serbian послодавац | ||
Sesotho mohiri | ||
Shona mushandirwi | ||
Sindhi آجر | ||
Sinhala (Sinhalese) සේවා යෝජකයා | ||
Slovak zamestnávateľ | ||
Slovenian delodajalec | ||
Somali loo shaqeeye | ||
Spanish empleador | ||
Sundanese dunungan | ||
Swahili mwajiri | ||
Swedish arbetsgivare | ||
Tagalog (Filipino) employer | ||
Tajik корфармо | ||
Tamil முதலாளி | ||
Tatar эш бирүче | ||
Telugu యజమాని | ||
Thai นายจ้าง | ||
Tigrinya ኣስራሒ | ||
Tsonga muthori | ||
Turkish işveren | ||
Turkmen iş beriji | ||
Twi (Akan) adwumawura | ||
Ukrainian роботодавець | ||
Urdu آجر | ||
Uyghur خوجايىن | ||
Uzbek ish beruvchi | ||
Vietnamese chủ nhân | ||
Welsh cyflogwr | ||
Xhosa umqeshi | ||
Yiddish באַלעבאָס | ||
Yoruba agbanisiṣẹ | ||
Zulu umqashi |
| Language | Etymology / Notes |
|---|---|
| Afrikaans | 'Werkgewer' derives from the German 'Werkgeber' and literally translates to 'work giver'. |
| Albanian | The word "punëdhënësi" is derived from two Albanian words: "punë" (work) and "dhënësi" (giver), thus reflecting the employer's role as the provider of work. |
| Amharic | The word "አሠሪ" ("employer") in Amharic can also refer to a "chief" or "owner" of something. |
| Arabic | The term 'صاحب العمل' can also refer to a landlord or business owner, as it literally translates to 'owner of the work'. |
| Armenian | The Armenian word for "employer," գործատու, literally means "one who assigns tasks or work." |
| Azerbaijani | The word "işəgötürən" is derived from two components: "iş" meaning "work", and "-götürən" which translates to "carrier" or "mover". It can also refer to a "sponsor" or a "patron". |
| Basque | The word "enpresaria" derives from the Latin "imprendere," meaning "to undertake." |
| Belarusian | The word "працадаўца" in Belarusian can also refer to an agent or a person who employs others. |
| Bengali | নিয়োগকর্তা can also refer to "a person or body that gives or grants employment". |
| Bosnian | The word 'poslodavac' is derived from the Slavic word 'posao', meaning "work", and the suffix '-davac', meaning "giver". |
| Bulgarian | The word "работодател" derives from "работа" (work) and "датель" (giver), suggesting a person who provides work. |
| Catalan | In Spanish, "empresari" means "entrepreneur", while in Catalan it means "employer". This shift in meaning is likely due to the influence of French, in which "entrepreneur" means "employer". |
| Cebuano | Cebuano's "amo" originates from the Spanish "amo," meaning both "owner" and "master," reflecting its historical usage to denote landowners and slave masters. |
| Chinese (Simplified) | 雇主 (gùyǔ) also means 'to hire'. |
| Chinese (Traditional) | “雇主”一词在中文中有多个含义:雇佣者、使唤人、主人、主顾、委托人。 |
| Corsican | Corsican "impiegatore" also means "exploiter" and "user". |
| Croatian | "Poslodavac" is a Serbian-Croatian term derived from "posao" (business, job) and "davac" (giver), meaning the one who gives jobs. |
| Czech | The word "zaměstnavatel" is derived from the Czech word "zaměstnání," meaning "employment" or "occupation." |
| Danish | The word "arbejdsgiver" in Danish comes from the Old Norse word "arbeiðsgefari" meaning "one who gets or gives work; master, servant". |
| Dutch | "Werkgever" means 'literally one who gives work.' |
| Esperanto | "Dunganto" is derived from "dungi", meaning "to hire" or "to employ". |
| Estonian | The word "tööandja" derives from "töö" (work) and "andja" (giver), and can alternatively mean "donor" or "provider". |
| Finnish | The word "työnantaja" can also be used to refer to the owner of a company or business. |
| French | The French word "employeur" derives from the Latin "implicare," meaning "to entangle" or "to involve." |
| Frisian | The word "wurkjouwer" in Frisian is etymologically related to the Dutch word "werkgever" and the German word "Arbeitgeber", all of which mean "employer". |
| Galician | In Galician, "empresario" has a double meaning, originally referring to the main organizer of a theatrical play but evolving to also mean "employer." |
| German | The word "Arbeitgeber" is a compound noun comprising "Arbeit" ("work") and "Geber" ("giver") and can also mean "work provider". |
| Greek | The word 'εργοδότης' is derived from the Greek words 'έργον' (work) and 'δότης' (giver), and it literally means 'one who gives work'. |
| Gujarati | The term 'employer' comes from the Old French word 'empleoer', meaning 'to use' or 'to occupy'. |
| Haitian Creole | The word "anplwayè" in Haitian Creole originates from the French word "employer" and is used to describe both employers and employees. |
| Hausa | The word "ma'aikaci" in Hausa derives from the Arabic root 'aml, meaning "work" or "deed." |
| Hawaiian | Hakuna hana, meaning 'employer' in Hawaiian, also means 'no work' in Swahili. |
| Hebrew | The word "מעסיק" (employer) derives from the root "עס" (to work) and can also mean "business", "occupation", or "profession". |
| Hindi | The word 'नियोक्ता' (employer) is derived from the Sanskrit word 'niyukti', meaning 'deployment' or 'employment'. It can also refer to a 'master' or 'lord' in a feudal context. |
| Hmong | The word "tug tswv zog" is a combination of the words "tug" (to pull), "tswv" (to give), and "zog" (to lead), reflecting the employer's role in providing direction and support to employees. |
| Hungarian | The word "munkáltató" literally means "one who employs" in Hungarian. |
| Icelandic | The word "vinnuveitandi" is derived from the Old Norse word "vinna", meaning "to work", and "veita", meaning "to give" or "to provide". It therefore originally meant "one who provides work". |
| Igbo | The word "were mmadụ n'ọrụ" can also mean "one who hires others to do work for them" or "a person who employs others". |
| Indonesian | "Majikan" comes from the Sanskrit words "ma" (great) and "ikan" (lord), and can also refer to a master or boss. |
| Irish | The Irish word "fostóir" originally meant "foster father" and has been extended to mean "employer". |
| Italian | "Datore di Lavoro" literally means "giver of work" in Italian and is synonymous with "employer". |
| Japanese | The word "雇用者" can also refer to a "contractor" or a "recruiter" depending on the context and how it is used. |
| Javanese | The word "juragan" also means "owner" or "master" in Javanese. |
| Kannada | It is derived from the Sanskrit word "udyojak" meaning "to undertake or initiate an activity or work" |
| Kazakh | The word "жұмыс беруші" is derived from the Kazakh words "жұмыс" (work) and "беру" (to give), and it can also refer to a person who provides employment or a job. |
| Khmer | From a Sanskrit word meaning 'to employ', a term also used for a feudal lord, and from the Pali word for 'employer of labor'. |
| Korean | The word "고용주" is composed of the Hanja characters "雇用" (to hire) and "主" (master). |
| Kurdish | ''Karda'' also means ''master'' or ''chief'' in Kurdish. |
| Lao | The word "ນາຍຈ້າງ" can also be used to refer to the head of a household or the head monk of a temple. |
| Latin | The word "dico" in Latin can also refer to an orator or speaker. |
| Latvian | "Darba devējs" is derived from "darbs" (work) and "devējs" (giver), referring to one who provides work and compensation. |
| Lithuanian | The word "darbdavys" comes from the Lithuanian words "darbas" (work) and "davėjas" (giver). |
| Luxembourgish | In Luxembourgish, the word "patron" comes from the French language, where it originally meant "patron" (as in a protective or guiding saint), or "master or head of a family or group". |
| Macedonian | The Macedonian word "работодавачот" comes from the Proto-Slavic word "*rabota", meaning "work" or "service". |
| Malagasy | "Mpampiasa" is derived from the Malagasy word "mpiasa", meaning "work", and the prefix "mpampa-", indicating an agent or doer. |
| Malay | The word "majikan" in Malay originally referred to a landlord or landowner, reflecting the historical relationship between employers and their workers in agricultural settings. |
| Malayalam | The word "തൊഴിലുടമ" ("employer") in Malayalam literally means "owner of work". |
| Maltese | The word 'min iħaddem' in Maltese has its roots in the Arabic word 'muḥaddam', meaning 'someone who causes or arranges something to work'. |
| Maori | An alternate Māori name for an employer or boss is kaituku mahi, referring to one who directs work, and it also means 'to supervise'. |
| Marathi | The word "नियोक्ता" in Marathi also means "master" or "lord". |
| Mongolian | The word "ажил олгогч" could also mean "giver of tasks". |
| Nepali | रोजगारदाता शब्द संस्कृत के 'रोजगार' (रोजी-रोटी) और 'दाता' ( देने वाला) शब्दों से बना है। |
| Norwegian | "Arbeidsgiver" is derived from "arbeid" (work) and "giver" (giver) and it can also mean "work provider". |
| Nyanja (Chichewa) | The word 'wolemba ntchito' is also used to refer to an 'employment contract'. |
| Pashto | The word "کارګمارونکی" in Pashto is derived from Persian and ultimately from the Old French word "chargeur", meaning "one who loads". |
| Persian | The word "کارفرما" is a compound word composed of "کار" ("work") and "فرما" ("to order"), hence meaning "one who orders to work". |
| Polish | The word "pracodawca" is derived from the Polish words "praca" (work) and "dawać" (to give), meaning "one who gives work". |
| Portuguese (Portugal, Brazil) | The word "empregador" derives from the Latin term "impregnare", meaning "to fill with". It originally referred to a person who filled a position or role, but in modern usage has come to refer specifically to an employer who hires and pays employees. |
| Punjabi | "ਮਾਲਕ" is also used informally in Punjabi to mean "owner", "master", or "lord". |
| Romanian | The Romanian word "angajator" ultimately derives from the French word "engager", meaning "to bind" or "to hire". |
| Russian | The Russian word "работодатель" literally translates to "one who gives work," emphasizing the employer's role in providing employment. |
| Samoan | The word 'falefaigaluega' is related to 'faigaluega', meaning 'work' or 'occupation,' and 'fale', meaning 'house' or 'building'. |
| Scots Gaelic | The word "fastaiche" also means "one who is bound" in Scots Gaelic. |
| Serbian | The word 'послодавац' is derived from the Serbian word 'посао' (job) and the suffix '-давац', which indicates a person who gives something. |
| Sesotho | The term |
| Shona | The word "mushandirwi" in Shona also means "the one who causes somebody to work" |
| Sindhi | Sindhi word "آجر" is the corruption of Persian word "اجیر" (ajir). |
| Sinhala (Sinhalese) | In the past, the term was less formal, referring to an immediate superior who commanded little authority. |
| Slovak | "Zamestnávateľ" is derived from "zamestnať," meaning "to employ" or "to occupy"} |
| Slovenian | The Slovenian word "delodajalec" (employer) is derived from the verb "delati" (to work) and the noun "-dajalec" (giver), suggesting someone who provides work to others. |
| Somali | The term 'loo shaqeeye' literally means 'owner of work', highlighting the employer's role in providing employment and managing the workforce. |
| Spanish | "Emplear" in Spanish, from Latin, implied the use of time; thus a person who hires is "empleador," a user of someone's time |
| Sundanese | The word "dunungan" in Sundanese also means "owner", "master", or "lord" |
| Swahili | "Mwajiri" is also the name of a species of large African tree known as the "umbrella tree", so called because of its umbrella-shaped canopy. |
| Swedish | Arbetsgivare derives from the old Swedish plural form 'arbet' of 'arbete' (work) and its cognate 'givare' (giver). |
| Tagalog (Filipino) | The Tagalog word “employer” comes from the Spanish “empleador”, which originally referred to the person or entity that commissioned an artist or craftsman. |
| Tajik | Корфармо is also used to refer to a person who hires someone to do a job. |
| Tamil | The term 'முதலாளி' (employer) in Tamil is derived from the word 'முதல' (capital), indicating the role of an individual who provides the initial investment in a business venture. |
| Telugu | The word 'యజమాని' in Telugu, meaning 'employer,' is derived from the Sanskrit root 'yaj' meaning 'to sacrifice' and 'manin' meaning 'lord,' likely implying the role of the employer as the provider and protector of employees. |
| Thai | The word "นายจ้าง" (employer) derives from the Sanskrit word "นาย" (master) and the Thai word "จ้าง" (to hire). |
| Turkish | The word "işveren" is derived from the Persian word "işver", meaning "master" or "boss". |
| Ukrainian | The Ukrainian word "роботодавець" (employer) comes from the word "робота" (work) and the suffix "-давець" (-giver), indicating a giver of work. |
| Urdu | آجر may also refer to a type of brick used in building houses. |
| Uzbek | The term "ish beruvchi" is also used in the context of providing work or employment opportunities. |
| Vietnamese | The word "chủ nhân" can also mean "owner" or "master" and originates from the Chinese word "主人" (zhǔrén), meaning "lord" or "master". |
| Welsh | The word 'cyflogwr' comes from the Welsh words 'cyflog' meaning 'wage' and 'gwr' meaning 'man' or 'person'. |
| Xhosa | The Xhosa word "umqeshi" can also mean "chief" or "noble". |
| Yiddish | The Yiddish word "באַלעבאָס" (balebos) is thought to derive from the Hebrew phrase "בעל הבית" (ba'al habayit), meaning "master of the house. |
| Yoruba | The word "agbanisiṣẹ" in Yoruba also refers to a guardian or sponsor of a child. |
| Zulu | The word "umqashi" can also mean "master" or "owner" in a feudal sense. |
| English | The word 'employer' comes from the Old French word 'emploier', meaning 'to use', and ultimately from the Latin word 'implere', meaning 'to fill'. |