Afrikaans kyker | ||
Albanian shikues | ||
Amharic ተመልካች | ||
Arabic مشاهد | ||
Armenian հեռուստադիտող | ||
Assamese দৰ্শক | ||
Aymara uñch’ukiri | ||
Azerbaijani izləyici | ||
Bambara filɛlikɛla | ||
Basque ikusle | ||
Belarusian глядач | ||
Bengali ভিউয়ার | ||
Bhojpuri दर्शक के बा | ||
Bosnian viewer | ||
Bulgarian зрител | ||
Catalan espectador | ||
Cebuano manan-aw | ||
Chinese (Simplified) 观看者 | ||
Chinese (Traditional) 觀看者 | ||
Corsican visor | ||
Croatian gledatelj | ||
Czech divák | ||
Danish seer | ||
Dhivehi ބަލާ މީހާއެވެ | ||
Dogri दर्शक | ||
Dutch kijker | ||
English viewer | ||
Esperanto spektanto | ||
Estonian vaataja | ||
Ewe nukpɔla | ||
Filipino (Tagalog) manonood | ||
Finnish katsoja | ||
French téléspectateur | ||
Frisian werjouwer | ||
Galician espectador | ||
Georgian მნახველი | ||
German zuschauer | ||
Greek θεατής | ||
Guarani ohecháva | ||
Gujarati દર્શક | ||
Haitian Creole visualiseur | ||
Hausa mai kallo | ||
Hawaiian mea nānā | ||
Hebrew צוֹפֶה | ||
Hindi दर्शक | ||
Hmong tus saib | ||
Hungarian néző | ||
Icelandic áhorfandi | ||
Igbo onye nlere | ||
Ilocano managbuya | ||
Indonesian penonton | ||
Irish breathnóir | ||
Italian spettatore | ||
Japanese ビューア | ||
Javanese pamirso | ||
Kannada ವೀಕ್ಷಕ | ||
Kazakh көрермен | ||
Khmer អ្នកមើល | ||
Kinyarwanda abareba | ||
Konkani प्रेक्षक | ||
Korean 뷰어 | ||
Krio pɔsin we de wach | ||
Kurdish temaşevan | ||
Kurdish (Sorani) بینەر | ||
Kyrgyz көрүүчү | ||
Lao ຜູ້ຊົມ | ||
Latin videntium | ||
Latvian skatītājs | ||
Lingala motali | ||
Lithuanian žiūrovas | ||
Luganda omulabi | ||
Luxembourgish zuschauer | ||
Macedonian прегледувач | ||
Maithili दर्शक | ||
Malagasy mpijery | ||
Malay penonton | ||
Malayalam കാഴ്ചക്കാരൻ | ||
Maltese telespettatur | ||
Maori kaitiro | ||
Marathi दर्शक | ||
Meiteilon (Manipuri) ꯌꯦꯡꯂꯤꯕꯥ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏꯅꯤ꯫ | ||
Mizo entu a ni | ||
Mongolian үзэгч | ||
Myanmar (Burmese) ကြည့်ရှုသူ | ||
Nepali दर्शक | ||
Norwegian seer | ||
Nyanja (Chichewa) wowonera | ||
Odia (Oriya) ଦର୍ଶକ | ||
Oromo daawwataa | ||
Pashto لیدونکی | ||
Persian بیننده | ||
Polish widz | ||
Portuguese (Portugal, Brazil) visualizador | ||
Punjabi ਦਰਸ਼ਕ | ||
Quechua qhawaq | ||
Romanian vizualizator | ||
Russian зритель | ||
Samoan tagata matamata | ||
Sanskrit दर्शकः | ||
Scots Gaelic sealladair | ||
Sepedi mmogedi wa mmogedi | ||
Serbian гледалац | ||
Sesotho mmohi | ||
Shona muoni | ||
Sindhi ڏسندڙ | ||
Sinhala (Sinhalese) නරඹන්නාට | ||
Slovak divák | ||
Slovenian gledalec | ||
Somali daawade | ||
Spanish espectador | ||
Sundanese panempo | ||
Swahili mtazamaji | ||
Swedish visare | ||
Tagalog (Filipino) manonood | ||
Tajik тамошобин | ||
Tamil பார்வையாளர் | ||
Tatar тамашачы | ||
Telugu వీక్షకుడు | ||
Thai ผู้ชม | ||
Tigrinya ተዓዛቢ | ||
Tsonga mulanguti | ||
Turkish izleyici | ||
Turkmen tomaşaçy | ||
Twi (Akan) ɔhwɛfo | ||
Ukrainian глядач | ||
Urdu ناظرین | ||
Uyghur كۆرۈرمەن | ||
Uzbek tomoshabin | ||
Vietnamese người xem | ||
Welsh gwyliwr | ||
Xhosa umbukeli | ||
Yiddish צוקוקער | ||
Yoruba oluwo | ||
Zulu umbukeli |
| Language | Etymology / Notes |
|---|---|
| Afrikaans | The Afrikaans word "kyker" originates from the Dutch word "kijker", which means "spectator" or "telescope". |
| Albanian | "Shikues" comes from the verb "shikoj," meaning "to look" and "to observe." |
| Amharic | The word "ተመልካች" can also mean "spectator" or "observer" in Amharic. |
| Arabic | The word "مشاهد" in Arabic can also mean "one who witnesses" or "an observer". |
| Basque | "Ikusle" is a Basque word that originally meant "someone who sees" or "observer" and has taken on the meaning of "viewer" in the context of media and entertainment. |
| Belarusian | "Глядач" also means a type of horse saddle in Belarusian. |
| Bengali | The word 'ভিউয়ার' is derived from the English word 'view', meaning to look at or see. |
| Bosnian | In Bosnian, “viewer” (gledalac) can also mean "observer" or "spectator." |
| Bulgarian | The word "зрител" (viewer) is derived from the Old Church Slavonic word "зрѣти" (to see), which is also the root of the Russian word "зреть" (to see). |
| Catalan | The Catalan word "espectador" comes from the Latin "spectator" and also means "spectacle" or "show". |
| Cebuano | The Cebuano word 'manan-aw' originally means 'to foresee', a meaning which is still preserved in its use in 'panan-awon' ('vision'). |
| Chinese (Simplified) | 观看者 is derived from 'watching' a person, as in the case of an audience or bystander. |
| Chinese (Traditional) | “觀看者”意為“witness”,表示目睹或親身經歷某事的人。 |
| Corsican | In Corsican, "visor" can also refer to a type of straw hat with a wide brim. |
| Croatian | The word |
| Czech | The Czech word "divák" originated from the Old Church Slavonic word "divū", which means "to marvel". |
| Danish | In Danish, "seer" can also refer to a prophet or visionary. |
| Dutch | In some Dutch dialects 'kijker' means 'binoculars' and it is related to the verb 'kijken' (to look) rather than to 'kijk' (watch). |
| Esperanto | The Esperanto word "spektanto" is derived from the Latin word "spectator", which means "one who looks at". |
| Estonian | In some Finnish dialects, "vaataja" also means "a person waiting for something to happen". |
| French | The word "téléspectateur" is a compound of the Greek words "tele" (far) and "skopeein" (to look) |
| Frisian | The word "werjouwer" is related to the Middle Dutch word "werwen" which means "to confuse" or Dutch "warren" which means "to bother" or "to irritate". |
| Galician | The Galician word 'espectador' is derived from the Latin 'spectator', meaning either a 'viewer' or a 'considerer, observer' |
| Georgian | The Georgian word "მნახველი" derives from the verb "ნახვა," which carries both the literal meaning "to see" and the broader concept of "to perceive" or "to understand." |
| German | The word "Zuschauer" derives from Middle High German "zeschouwaere", meaning "spectator" or "witness". |
| Greek | The word θεατής (theatēs) originally meant "spectator" and later came to mean "viewer" or "reader." |
| Gujarati | "દર્શક" can also refer to someone who gives witness to or observes an event. |
| Haitian Creole | The word "visualiseur" in Haitian Creole can also mean "preview" or "thumbnail" |
| Hausa | The word is also used in compound form to describe one responsible for viewing or overseeing an area |
| Hawaiian | The Hawaiian word "mea nānā," meaning "viewer," also has the alternate meaning of "to appear" or "to be visible." |
| Hindi | दर्शक is derived from the Sanskrit word दृश् (dris), meaning 'to see', and thus also means 'observer' or 'witness'. |
| Hmong | Tus saib may be related to the word "saib" meaning to observe or watch. |
| Hungarian | The word "néző" derives from the verb "néz," meaning "to look," and also has the alternate meaning of "eye" in Hungarian. |
| Icelandic | Áhorfandi is literally translated as "one who hears" and its alternate meanings include "listener" and "disciple." |
| Indonesian | The Indonesian word "penonton" can also be used to refer to a "spectator" or a "listener". |
| Irish | The word "breathnóir" in Irish can also refer to a "spectator" or "observer". |
| Italian | The Italian word "spettatore" derives from the Latin word "spectare," meaning "to watch" or "to look at." |
| Japanese | ビューア (byūā) is cognate with 'viewer' in English, as the word stems from 'view' and the suffix '-er'. |
| Javanese | The word 'pamirso' can also refer to the main character of a story, play, or film. |
| Kannada | ವೀಕ್ಷಕ is derived from the Sanskrit word 'vikshaka', which means 'spectator, observer, or witness'. |
| Khmer | The word "អ្នកមើល" has a literal meaning of "one who watches" or "a spectator", but can also be used to refer to the audience or readers of a publication. |
| Korean | 뷰어 (viewer) is the combination of 두 (doo, meaning two) and 어 (eo, meaning eye). |
| Kurdish | The word 'temaşevan' also means 'spectator' in Kurdish. |
| Kyrgyz | In Kyrgyz, "көрүүчү" (viewer) also refers to the audience or spectators of a performance or event.} |
| Latin | Videntium can also mean seeing, envisioning, or perceiving. |
| Latvian | The word "skatītājs" in Latvian derives from the verb "skatīties" which means "to look" or "to watch". |
| Lithuanian | The word "žiūrovas" in Lithuanian is derived from the verb "žiūrėti" which means "to look" or "to watch". |
| Luxembourgish | The word "Zuschauer" is derived from the Middle High German "zuschauen", meaning "to look at" or "to watch". |
| Macedonian | The Macedonian word "прегледувач" can also mean "browser" in the context of computer programs. |
| Malagasy | "Mpijery," meaning "viewer" in Malagasy, also has the connotation of "one who observes" or "one who oversees." |
| Malay | The term "penonton" in Malay originally refers to the audience at a traditional wayang (shadow puppet) performance. |
| Maltese | The word "telespettatur" is derived from the Latin word "spectator" meaning "watcher" or "observer". |
| Maori | The Maori word kaitiro also refers to the concept of guardianship, as in kaitiakitanga (guardianship of the environment). |
| Marathi | "दर्शक" in Marathi derives from Sanskrit word "drish" meaning "to see" related to "drishti" meaning "look" and "darshan" meaning "sacred vision". |
| Mongolian | The word |
| Nepali | The word "दर्शक" can also mean "spectator" or "audience" in Nepali. |
| Norwegian | The Norwegian word "seer" can also refer to a "prophet" or a "visionary." |
| Nyanja (Chichewa) | "Wowonera" also means "the one who sees clearly" in Nyanja. |
| Pashto | The word "لیدونکی" in Pashto originally meant "audience" or "congregation". |
| Persian | The word 'بیننده' is also used to describe someone who has witnessed an event, especially a religious or spiritual one. |
| Polish | In slang, "widz" can also refer to someone who is watching or spying on another person. |
| Portuguese (Portugal, Brazil) | The word "visualizador" in Portuguese can also refer to a component, such as an object viewer, in applications to examine 3D models or in CAD or 3D modeling environments. |
| Punjabi | "ਦਰਸ਼ਕ" (darshak) comes from Sanskrit "drishta", which also means "appearance" or "vision". |
| Romanian | The Romanian word 'vizualizator,' meaning 'viewer,' originates from Latin 'viso,' 'to see' and '-alisator,' 'one who.' |
| Russian | "Зритель" (viewer) in Russian also means "spectator". |
| Samoan | The word "tagata matamata" can also refer to a spectator or witness, emphasizing the role of observing and reporting on events. |
| Scots Gaelic | The Gaelic word "sealladair" is derived from the Old Irish "selladóir," meaning "a looker," and "fear-seallaidh," meaning "a man who looks." |
| Serbian | The word |
| Sesotho | mmohi (viewer) also means a visitor in Sesotho |
| Shona | The word "muoni" in Shona can also refer to a witness or a spectator. |
| Sindhi | The Sindhi word "ڏسندڙ" also means "observer" or "spectator". |
| Slovak | The word "divák" in Slovak originally meant "someone who looks" and is related to the verb "dívat se" meaning "to look". |
| Slovenian | The word 'gledalec' in Slovenian can also mean 'actor' or 'audience member' |
| Somali | The word "daawade" in Somali can also refer to a witness or a plaintiff in a legal case. |
| Spanish | The Spanish word "espectador" derives from the Latin word "spectator", meaning "one who looks" or "beholder." |
| Sundanese | The word "panempo" in Sundanese can also refer to a type of traditional theatrical performance. |
| Swahili | The word "mtazamaji" in Swahili can also mean "a person who watches over something" or "a person who observes something". |
| Swedish | The word 'visare' originates from the Latin word 'visum', meaning "seen" or "observed". |
| Tagalog (Filipino) | "Manonood" also means "to observe" in Tagalog. |
| Tajik | The word "тамошобин" (viewer) in Tajik is derived from the Persian word "تماشا" (spectacle) and the Tajik suffix "-бин" (one who does something). It can also refer to a "spectator" or "audience member". |
| Tamil | The Tamil word for "viewer" (பார்வையாளர்) can also be used to refer to "audience" or "spectator". |
| Telugu | The word "వీక్షకుడు" is derived from Sanskrit word "वि+ ईक्ष + अक", where "वि" means "apart or different", "ईक्ष" means "to see", and "अक" is a suffix meaning "one who does something". |
| Thai | The word "ผู้ชม" can also mean "audience" or "spectator" in Thai. |
| Turkish | İzleyici also means "follower" or "audience" depending on the context. |
| Ukrainian | "глядач" (viewer) in Ukrainian can also mean spectator or audience member, denoting an active and engaged observer. |
| Urdu | The word ناظرین (nāẓirīn) can also refer to "overseers" or "supervisors" in Urdu. |
| Uzbek | The word "tomoshabin" can also refer to an audience, especially one gathered to watch a performance. |
| Vietnamese | The Vietnamese word "người xem" can also mean "guest" or "audience". |
| Welsh | The word 'gwyliwr' is also used to refer to a guardian or a protector. |
| Xhosa | The word 'umbukeli' in Xhosa can also refer to a person who observes or examines something closely. |
| Yiddish | The word "צוקוקער" (viewer) in Yiddish also refers to a peephole in a door. |
| Yoruba | "Oluwo" also means "chief" or "priest" in the Yoruba language. |
| Zulu | The Zulu word "umbukeli" has been used historically for "a visitor" or "a tourist" in addition to "a viewer." |
| English | The word "viewer" can also refer to a device used to watch TV or movies. |