Testimony in Different Languages
Discover 'Testimony' in 134 Languages: Dive into Translations, Hear Pronunciations, and Uncover Cultural Insights.
Testimony
Afrikaans getuienis | ||
Albanian dëshminë | ||
Amharic ምስክርነት | ||
Arabic شهادة | ||
Armenian վկայություն | ||
Assamese সাক্ষ্য দিয়া | ||
Aymara qhanañchäwi | ||
Azerbaijani şahidlik | ||
Bambara seereya | ||
Basque testigantza | ||
Belarusian паказанні | ||
Bengali সাক্ষ্য | ||
Bhojpuri गवाही दिहल गइल बा | ||
Bosnian svjedočenje | ||
Bulgarian свидетелство | ||
Catalan testimoni | ||
Cebuano pagpamatuod | ||
Chinese (Simplified) 见证 | ||
Chinese (Traditional) 見證 | ||
Corsican tistimunianza | ||
Croatian svjedočanstvo | ||
Czech svědectví | ||
Danish vidnesbyrd | ||
Dhivehi ހެކިބަސް ދިނުން | ||
Dogri गवाही दे दी | ||
Dutch getuigenis | ||
English testimony | ||
Esperanto atesto | ||
Estonian tunnistus | ||
Ewe ɖaseɖiɖi | ||
Filipino (Tagalog) patotoo | ||
Finnish todistus | ||
French témoignage | ||
Frisian tsjûgenis | ||
Galician testemuño | ||
Georgian ჩვენება | ||
German zeugnis | ||
Greek μαρτυρία | ||
Guarani testimonio rehegua | ||
Gujarati જુબાની | ||
Haitian Creole temwayaj | ||
Hausa shaida | ||
Hawaiian hōʻike hōʻike | ||
Hebrew עֵד | ||
Hindi गवाही | ||
Hmong lus pov thawj | ||
Hungarian bizonyság | ||
Icelandic vitnisburður | ||
Igbo akaebe | ||
Ilocano pammaneknek | ||
Indonesian kesaksian | ||
Irish fianaise | ||
Italian testimonianza | ||
Japanese 証言 | ||
Javanese pepenget | ||
Kannada ಪುರಾವೆಯನ್ನು | ||
Kazakh айғақтар | ||
Khmer ទីបន្ទាល់ | ||
Kinyarwanda ubuhamya | ||
Konkani गवाय दिवप | ||
Korean 고백 | ||
Krio tɛstimoni | ||
Kurdish îfada şahîd | ||
Kurdish (Sorani) شایەتحاڵی | ||
Kyrgyz күбөлүк | ||
Lao ປະຈັກພະຍານ | ||
Latin testimonium | ||
Latvian liecība | ||
Lingala litatoli | ||
Lithuanian parodymai | ||
Luganda obujulizi | ||
Luxembourgish zeegnes | ||
Macedonian сведоштво | ||
Maithili गवाही देब | ||
Malagasy fijoroana ho vavolombelona | ||
Malay keterangan | ||
Malayalam സാക്ഷ്യം | ||
Maltese xhieda | ||
Maori whakaaturanga | ||
Marathi साक्ष | ||
Meiteilon (Manipuri) ꯁꯥꯛꯁꯤ ꯄꯤꯕꯥ꯫ | ||
Mizo thu hriattîrna a ni | ||
Mongolian мэдүүлэг | ||
Myanmar (Burmese) သက်သေခံချက် | ||
Nepali गवाही | ||
Norwegian vitnesbyrd | ||
Nyanja (Chichewa) umboni | ||
Odia (Oriya) ସାକ୍ଷ୍ୟ | ||
Oromo ragaa bahuu | ||
Pashto شهادت | ||
Persian شهادت | ||
Polish świadectwo | ||
Portuguese (Portugal, Brazil) testemunho | ||
Punjabi ਗਵਾਹੀ | ||
Quechua testimonio nisqa | ||
Romanian mărturie | ||
Russian свидетельство | ||
Samoan molimau | ||
Sanskrit साक्ष्यम् | ||
Scots Gaelic fianais | ||
Sepedi bopaki | ||
Serbian сведочење | ||
Sesotho bopaki | ||
Shona uchapupu | ||
Sindhi شاھدي | ||
Sinhala (Sinhalese) සාක්ෂි | ||
Slovak svedectvo | ||
Slovenian pričevanje | ||
Somali markhaati | ||
Spanish testimonio | ||
Sundanese kasaksian | ||
Swahili ushuhuda | ||
Swedish vittnesbörd | ||
Tagalog (Filipino) patotoo | ||
Tajik шаҳодат | ||
Tamil சாட்சியம் | ||
Tatar шаһитлек | ||
Telugu సాక్ష్యం | ||
Thai คำให้การ | ||
Tigrinya ምስክርነት | ||
Tsonga vumbhoni | ||
Turkish tanıklık | ||
Turkmen şaýatlyk | ||
Twi (Akan) adansedie | ||
Ukrainian свідчення | ||
Urdu گواہی | ||
Uyghur گۇۋاھلىق | ||
Uzbek guvohlik | ||
Vietnamese lời khai | ||
Welsh tystiolaeth | ||
Xhosa ubungqina | ||
Yiddish עדות | ||
Yoruba ẹrí | ||
Zulu ubufakazi |
Etymology & Notes
| Language | Etymology / Notes |
|---|---|
| Afrikaans | The Afrikaans word "getuienis" is derived from the Middle Dutch word "getuuchnis" and the Old French word "tesmoignagne." |
| Albanian | The word "dëshminë" in Albanian can also mean "proof" or "evidence". |
| Amharic | The term "ምስክርነት" can also refer to the process of bearing witness or providing evidence. |
| Arabic | The word "شهادة" in Arabic can also refer to a "certificate" or a "diploma". |
| Azerbaijani | The word "şahidlik" in Azerbaijani also means "eyewitness account" or "proof". |
| Basque | The Basque word "testigantza" comes from the Latin "testimonium", meaning "evidence" or "proof". |
| Belarusian | "Паказанні" is cognate to Russian "показания" (same meaning), both deriving from "показать"/"показаць" – "to point out". In Polish and Czech there's "pokazanie"/"poznání" meaning "knowledge". In Lithuanian it's "pažinti", "to know". Thus the original meaning is not necessarily "to point out" but rather "to know, learn, recognize, become familiar with". |
| Bengali | সাক্ষ্য also means "evidence" in English. |
| Bosnian | In Bosnian, the word "svjedočenje" can also refer to a statement made under oath in court or a written record of evidence. |
| Bulgarian | The word "свидетелство" can also mean "evidence" or "certificate" in Bulgarian. |
| Catalan | Catalan "testimoni" also means the "official document attesting to a birth, marriage, or death". |
| Chinese (Simplified) | "见证" 可指证人的证言或在场见证事件，也可指见证人或见证事件的记录。 |
| Chinese (Traditional) | "見證" is a compound word that originally meant "to see with one's own eyes", but now also refers to "bearing witness to an event". |
| Corsican | The word "testimunianza" is also used to mean "declaration" in Corsican. |
| Croatian | "Svjedočanstvo" is a Croatian word derived from the Latin "testis" meaning "witness", and also refers to a birth certificate or a school report. |
| Czech | The word "svědectví" in Czech is a cognate of "witness" in English, both derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *wed- meaning "to know". |
| Danish | "Vidnesbyrd" derives from the Old Norse words "vitni" (witness) and "byrð" (burden), referring to the weight and responsibility of bearing witness. |
| Dutch | The word "getuigenis" in Dutch also means "evidentiary material" or "evidence", especially in the context of a legal case. |
| Esperanto | The word "atesto" ("testimony") is derived from the Latin word "attestari" ("to call to witness"), and is related to the English word "protest". |
| Estonian | Tunnistus ('testimony') in Estonian originates from the same Proto-Uralic root \*tońć- as 'truth' as well as 'conscience'. |
| Finnish | Todistus is derived from the Proto-Finnic word *toδi, meaning 'proof' or 'evidence' |
| French | Témoignage derives from the Latin word 'testimonium', meaning both 'evidence' and 'proof'. |
| Frisian | The word "tsjûgenis" in Frisian is related to the German word "Zeugnis" and the English word "witness" |
| Galician | In Galician, "testemuño" can also mean "evidence", "proof", or "witness", and it derives from the Latin word "testimonium". |
| German | The word "Zeugnis" in German can also refer to a certificate or diploma, particularly one awarded for educational achievements. |
| Greek | In Attic Greek, μαρτυρία also meant the 'penalty paid by an informer for slander, if the accused was acquitted' and 'proof of guilt in a court of law'. |
| Gujarati | The word "જુબાની" is derived from the Persian word "जुबानी", meaning "by word of mouth". |
| Haitian Creole | The word «temwayaj» in Haitian Creole comes from the French word «témoignage» and originally meant «evidence». |
| Hausa | In Hausa, 'shaida' may also refer to a witness or an oath. |
| Hawaiian | The word "hōʻike hōʻike" can also mean "to reveal" or "to show" in Hawaiian. |
| Hebrew | The Hebrew word "עֵד" ('ed) can also mean "witness," "monument," or "proof." |
| Hindi | The Hindi word "गवाही" comes from the Sanskrit word "सह" ("to bear, carry together") and refers not only to testimony in a court but also to the support or agreement of a group. |
| Hmong | In an alternate sense, 'lus pov thawj' also means 'to make a promise'. |
| Hungarian | "Bizonyság" comes from the verb "bizonyít" ("prove"), and is related to the word "bizony" (meaning "surely, certainly"). |
| Icelandic | Vitnisburður, a compound of vitni 'witness' and -burður '-bearer,' originally had a concrete meaning, 'the bearers of a corpse.' |
| Igbo | Akaebe (testimony) is also the name for the Igbo musical instrument used to accompany the song and dance genre of the same name. |
| Indonesian | The word 'kesaksian' in Indonesian can also mean 'evidence' or 'proof' in legal contexts. |
| Irish | The word "fianaise" in Irish is derived from the Old Irish word "fianaithe," which means "witness" or "evidence." |
| Italian | The Italian word "testimonianza" originally meant "proof in a legal case" but now also means "evidence" or "account of an event". |
| Japanese | 証言 derives from the same root character as 証拠 (evidence), suggesting a connection between testimony and proof. |
| Javanese | In Javanese, pepenget is the testimony of a witness in a trial, or evidence in a legal case. |
| Kannada | The term "ಪುರಾವೆಯನ್ನು" in Kannada derives from the root word "ಪುರಾ" meaning "evidence" and "ತನ" meaning "quality" and refers to the act or state of providing evidence. |
| Kazakh | The Kazakh word "айғақтар" can also mean "proof" or "evidence". |
| Khmer | The word "testimony" derives from the Latin word "testis", meaning "witness", and refers to a statement given under oath or affirmation. |
| Korean | The word 고백, meaning "testimony", originated from the Chinese word 告白, which also means "confession" or "admission". |
| Kurdish | The Kurdish word "îfada şahîd" can also refer to a statement made in court or to the act of giving evidence. |
| Kyrgyz | The word "күбөлүк" is also used in Kyrgyz for "witness", "evidence" and "proof" |
| Latin | "Testimonium" also refers to a recommendation letter for a student seeking a teaching or research position; it is the predecessor to the modern academic letter of recommendation. |
| Latvian | The word “liecība” can also mean “evidence” or “proof” depending on context. |
| Lithuanian | The word is derived from Greek “παράδειγμα”, which means “example, model, pattern”. |
| Luxembourgish | Zeegnes, meaning "testimony" in Luxembourgish, is likely derived from the German word "Zeugnis" ( |
| Macedonian | The Macedonian word "сведоштво" is derived from the Proto-Slavic *svědъstvo, meaning "evidence" or "proof". |
| Malagasy | The Malagasy word Fijoroana ho Vavolombelona originally meant 'an offering to the ancestors' but now means 'testimony'. |
| Malay | "Keterangan" comes from Sanskrit "ketarangan" ('reason') and also means `explanation`, `detail`, `information`, or `evidence`. |
| Malayalam | "സാക്ഷ്യം" is related to the Sanskrit word "sakshin," meaning a witness or one who knows. |
| Maltese | The word "xhieda" is derived from the Arabic word "shahāda", which means both "witness" and "martyrdom". |
| Maori | In Maori, whakaaturanga can also refer to a 'dramatic performance' or a 'display of skill'. |
| Marathi | The word "साक्ष" in Marathi derives from Sanskrit "साक्षी" meaning "witness" and also connotes "evidence" or "proof". |
| Mongolian | "Мэдүүлэг" translates as "testimony", but also as "evidence" or a "written statement of facts"} |
| Nepali | "गवाही" is a loanword from Urdu meaning both "testimony" and "evidence." |
| Norwegian | The word "vitnesbyrd" is a compound of the words "vitne" (witness) and "byrd" (burden), meaning "the burden of a witness" or "the weight of testimony." |
| Nyanja (Chichewa) | "Umboni" is derived from the verb "kuumba" (to create) in the sense of providing evidence; in modern usage it is often extended to mean "proof". |
| Pashto | "شهادت" also holds the meaning of martyrdom in the Pashto language. |
| Persian | The word "شهادت" can also refer to the act of dying for your beliefs, a concept which is particularly important in the Shia branch of Islam. |
| Polish | "Świadectwo" wywodzi się od prasłowiańskiego słowa "sъvědъ", oznaczającego "świadka" lub "dowód". |
| Portuguese (Portugal, Brazil) | "Testemunho" is of ecclesiastical origin, being the deposition of witnesses on facts or miracles. |
| Punjabi | The word "ਗਵਾਹੀ" (testimony) in Punjabi shares the same root as the word "ਗਵਾਹ" (witness), indicating the intertwined nature of witnessing and providing testimony. |
| Romanian | "Mărturie" is derived from the Latin word "martyrium", which means "witness" or "evidence given by a witness". |
| Russian | The word "свидетельство" derives from the Old Church Slavonic "свѧдѧ", meaning "witness", and is also used to refer to a document confirming a person's identity or qualifications. |
| Samoan | The word "molimau" in Samoan is ultimately derived from the Proto-Austronesian word *saksi, meaning "witness". In addition to its primary meaning of "testimony", "molimau" can also refer to a personal experience or firsthand account. |
| Scots Gaelic | The word "fianais" is ultimately derived from the Old Irish word "fían" meaning "warrior" or "band of warriors". |
| Serbian | The word "сведочење" ("testimony") in Serbian also means "attestation" or "certification". |
| Sesotho | This word derives from the Zulu word 'bopaki', meaning 'to witness'. |
| Shona | The word "uchapupu" in Shona can also mean "evidence" or "proof". |
| Sindhi | شاھدي, 'testimony', shares a root with شاھد, 'witness', indicating a personal or witnessing element. |
| Sinhala (Sinhalese) | සාක්ෂි (sākskhi) means 'one who sees' and is also used in law to refer to 'evidence' or 'proof'. |
| Slovak | Svedectvo (Slovak "testimony") also means "certificate" and is cognate with the Slovak words "svedok" (witness) and "svedomie" (conscience). |
| Slovenian | Pričevanje is derived from the Slavic root "prič", meaning "to witness" or "to see", and can also refer to a confession or statement from an eyewitness. |
| Somali | The Somali word "markhaati" can also refer to a witness or a proof. |
| Spanish | El término 'testimonio' también puede referirse a una declaración o manifestación formal y solemne ante una autoridad. |
| Sundanese | "Kasaksian" can be used figuratively to mean a person's point of view or way of thinking. |
| Swahili | "Ushuhuda" can also mean "witness" or "proof" in Swahili. |
| Swedish | "Vittne" translates to "witness" in English. "Börd" translates to "burden", so this phrase literally means "the burden of a witness". |
| Tagalog (Filipino) | The word "patotoo" in Tagalog is derived from the root word "too" meaning "evidence" or "proof". |
| Tajik | The word "шаҳодат" in Tajik, meaning "testimony," comes from the Persian word "shahīd," which also means "martyr." |
| Tamil | சாட்சியம் can also mean 'evidence' or 'proof', and is derived from the Sanskrit word 'sākṣi', meaning 'witness'. |
| Telugu | The word "సాక్ష్యం" can also mean "proof" or "evidence" and is derived from the Sanskrit word "साक्ष" which means "to see". |
| Thai | คำให้การ (testimony) can also refer to a Buddhist scripture or an edict from a sovereign. |
| Turkish | Tanıklık, "şahit" ve "bilgi" kelimelerinin birleşiminden oluşan bir kelimedir. |
| Ukrainian | In Ukrainian, "свідчення" also has a legal sense of "evidence" and a religious sense of "confession". |
| Urdu | The word "گواہی" is derived from the Arabic word "شاهد" meaning "present" or "witness". |
| Uzbek | The Uzbek word "guvohlik" is also used to mean "evidence", "proof", or "declaration". |
| Vietnamese | The word "lời khai" can also mean "confession" or "statement" in Vietnamese. |
| Welsh | The Welsh word 'tystiolaeth' originates from the Latin 'testimonium', meaning 'proof', 'evidence' or 'witness'. |
| Xhosa | 'Ubungqina' is derived from the verb '-ngqina', which means 'to bear witness'. |
| Yiddish | In Yiddish, "עדות" can also refer to a Jewish community or congregation. |
| Yoruba | Ẹrí (testimony) can also mean evidence, witness or indication in Yoruba. |
| Zulu | Zulu word 'ubufakazi' may also refer to an event or occurrence that provides evidence. |
| English | The word 'testimony' derives from the Latin word 'testis', meaning 'witness', and can also refer to a physical object presented as evidence in a legal proceeding. |