Summer in Different Languages
Discover 'Summer' in 134 Languages: Dive into Translations, Hear Pronunciations, and Uncover Cultural Insights.
Summer
Afrikaans somer | ||
Albanian verë | ||
Amharic በጋ | ||
Arabic الصيف | ||
Armenian ամառ | ||
Assamese গ্ৰীষ্ম | ||
Aymara jallupacha | ||
Azerbaijani yay | ||
Bambara k'a ta zuwɛnkalo ka taa sɛtanburukalo la | ||
Basque uda | ||
Belarusian лета | ||
Bengali গ্রীষ্ম | ||
Bhojpuri गरमी | ||
Bosnian ljeto | ||
Bulgarian лятото | ||
Catalan estiu | ||
Cebuano ting-init | ||
Chinese (Simplified) 夏季 | ||
Chinese (Traditional) 夏季 | ||
Corsican estate | ||
Croatian ljeto | ||
Czech léto | ||
Danish sommer | ||
Dhivehi ހޫނު މޫސުން | ||
Dogri सोहा | ||
Dutch zomer | ||
English summer | ||
Esperanto somero | ||
Estonian suvi | ||
Ewe dzomeŋɔli | ||
Filipino (Tagalog) tag-init | ||
Finnish kesä | ||
French été | ||
Frisian simmer | ||
Galician verán | ||
Georgian ზაფხული | ||
German sommer- | ||
Greek καλοκαίρι | ||
Guarani arahaku | ||
Gujarati ઉનાળો | ||
Haitian Creole ete | ||
Hausa bazara | ||
Hawaiian kauwela | ||
Hebrew קַיִץ | ||
Hindi गर्मी | ||
Hmong lub caij ntuj sov | ||
Hungarian nyári | ||
Icelandic sumar | ||
Igbo ndaeyo | ||
Ilocano kalgaw | ||
Indonesian musim panas | ||
Irish samhradh | ||
Italian estate | ||
Japanese 夏 | ||
Javanese panas | ||
Kannada ಬೇಸಿಗೆ | ||
Kazakh жаз | ||
Khmer រដូវក្តៅ | ||
Kinyarwanda icyi | ||
Konkani गीम | ||
Korean 여름 | ||
Krio sɔma | ||
Kurdish havîn | ||
Kurdish (Sorani) هاوین | ||
Kyrgyz жай | ||
Lao ລະດູຮ້ອນ | ||
Latin aestas | ||
Latvian vasara | ||
Lingala eleko ya molunge | ||
Lithuanian vasara | ||
Luganda obudde bw'akasana | ||
Luxembourgish summer | ||
Macedonian лето | ||
Maithili गर्मी | ||
Malagasy vanin-taona mafana | ||
Malay musim panas | ||
Malayalam വേനൽ | ||
Maltese sajf | ||
Maori raumati | ||
Marathi उन्हाळा | ||
Meiteilon (Manipuri) ꯀꯥꯂꯦꯟꯊꯥ | ||
Mizo nipui | ||
Mongolian зун | ||
Myanmar (Burmese) နွေရာသီ | ||
Nepali गर्मी | ||
Norwegian sommer | ||
Nyanja (Chichewa) chilimwe | ||
Odia (Oriya) ଗ୍ରୀଷ୍ମ | ||
Oromo ganna | ||
Pashto دوبی | ||
Persian تابستان | ||
Polish lato | ||
Portuguese (Portugal, Brazil) verão | ||
Punjabi ਗਰਮੀ | ||
Quechua rupay pacha | ||
Romanian vară | ||
Russian лето | ||
Samoan taumafanafana | ||
Sanskrit ग्रीष्म | ||
Scots Gaelic samhradh | ||
Sepedi selemo | ||
Serbian лето | ||
Sesotho hlabula | ||
Shona chirimo | ||
Sindhi اونهارو | ||
Sinhala (Sinhalese) ගිම්හානය | ||
Slovak leto | ||
Slovenian poletje | ||
Somali xagaaga | ||
Spanish verano | ||
Sundanese usum panas | ||
Swahili majira ya joto | ||
Swedish sommar | ||
Tagalog (Filipino) tag-araw | ||
Tajik тобистон | ||
Tamil கோடை | ||
Tatar җәй | ||
Telugu వేసవి | ||
Thai ฤดูร้อน | ||
Tigrinya ክረምቲ | ||
Tsonga ximumu | ||
Turkish yaz | ||
Turkmen tomus | ||
Twi (Akan) ahuhuroberɛ | ||
Ukrainian літо | ||
Urdu موسم گرما | ||
Uyghur ياز | ||
Uzbek yoz | ||
Vietnamese mùa hè | ||
Welsh haf | ||
Xhosa ihlobo | ||
Yiddish זומער | ||
Yoruba ooru | ||
Zulu ehlobo |
Etymology & Notes
| Language | Etymology / Notes |
|---|---|
| Afrikaans | In earlier forms of the language (before 1972), "somer" used to be the word for "holiday". |
| Albanian | "Verë" (summer) in Albanian is also the word for "fruit" because fruit ripens in the summer. |
| Amharic | The word "በጋ" (summer) is derived from the Proto-Semitic root *bG, meaning "to ripen", and is related to the Arabic word "bgh", meaning "to be ripe". |
| Arabic | In Classical Arabic, "الصيف" could also mean "the direction of the sunrise". |
| Armenian | In Armenian, ամառ (amar) may also refer to a |
| Azerbaijani | The word "yay" also means "time" in the Azerbaijani language, and is the 2nd person singular possessive form of the word "ya" ("summer"). |
| Basque | The Basque word |
| Belarusian | "Лета" also means "years" in Belarusian, possibly indicating a connection to the time needed for crops to mature during the summer months. |
| Bengali | The word "গ্রীষ্ম" is derived from the Sanskrit word "ग्रीष्म" (grīṣma), which originally meant "sun, heat" and later came to mean "summer". |
| Bosnian | The Slavic word 'ljeto' originally meant 'year', and its use to denote 'summer' in Bosnian is a semantic shift. |
| Bulgarian | The word "лятото" shares a root with the word "ляг" (meaning "to lie down" or "to sleep"), due to the common perception of summer as a time of rest and relaxation. |
| Catalan | The Catalan word "estiu" is derived from the Latin "aestas", meaning "hot season", and is cognate with the French "été" and the Italian "estate". |
| Cebuano | The Cebuano word "ting-init" also refers to the afternoon or the time from 12 noon to 6 pm. |
| Chinese (Simplified) | "夏季" also refers to a Chinese solar term which lasts from about July 6 to 22 in the Gregorian calendar. |
| Chinese (Traditional) | The character '夏' in '夏季' first appears in the oracle bone scripts during the Shang dynasty, depicting a farmer working in a field. |
| Corsican | In Corsican, "estate" also means "wealth" in addition to denoting the "summer" season. |
| Croatian | The word "ljeto" in Croatian originates from the Proto-Slavic term "lěto", which originally meant "year" and was later used to refer specifically to the warm season. |
| Czech | The word "léto" in Czech can also refer to the period of time between Easter and Pentecost, known as "golden summer". |
| Danish | The word sommer is the same word as the English word summer. |
| Dutch | The Dutch word 'zomer' shares the root word with other words for the same season in several Germanic languages such as German 'sommer', Swedish 'sommar', Norwegian 'sommer' and English 'summer'. |
| Esperanto | Somero is a cognate of "summer" in the Romance languages, and also means "shallow" or "superficial" in Spanish and Portuguese. |
| Estonian | The word "suvi" derives from Slavic languages, and it initially referred to a longer period including both spring and summer. |
| Finnish | According to some theories, "kesä" is derived from the word "kehrätä", meaning "to spin", possibly referring to the sun's movement in the sky. |
| French | The word "été" in French is derived from the Latin word "aestas," meaning "season of warmth". |
| Frisian | Frisian "simmer" is likely derived from an ancient Indo-European root meaning "warm" or "hot". |
| Galician | The Galician word "verán" originates from the Latin word "veranum", meaning "of spring", and also signifies the season of growth and renewal. |
| German | In German, "Sommer-" can also refer to a type of fruit or the color "yellow" |
| Greek | "Καλοκαίρι" is derived from "καλός" (kalos, "beautiful") and "καιρός" (kairos, "weather"), referring to the pleasant weather associated with the season. |
| Gujarati | ઉનાળો is also used as a slang term for a very hot or humid day. |
| Haitian Creole | Creole "ete" originated from "été" in French and also means "year" while the Spanish "estio" means "a hot period" and the Latin "aestas" means "hot season". |
| Hausa | The word "bazara" can also refer to the heat of the sun or a drought. |
| Hawaiian | "Kauwela" is derived from "kau" (season) and "wela" (hot), and can also refer to drought. |
| Hebrew | The Hebrew word "קַיִץ" originally referred to the end of the dry season, when rivers and streams receded and the air was hot and dry. |
| Hindi | "गर्मी" is also a slang term for a quarrel or argument in Hindi. |
| Hmong | Summer is also known as "the season of heat." |
| Hungarian | The word "nyári" is derived from the Proto-Uralic word "*näri", meaning "hot" or "heat". |
| Icelandic | Sumar's Old Norse cognate sumar meant 'warm season' and its verb sumra 'to go warm'. |
| Igbo | "Ndaeyo" is also used to refer to the dry season in Igbo culture, which typically spans from November to March. |
| Indonesian | In addition to "summer", "musim panas" also means a "hot, dry season" in tropical climates. |
| Irish | The word 'samhradh' is derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *sem-, meaning 'warm season'. |
| Italian | In Italian, the word "estate" also means "estate" (in the sense of "landed property"). |
| Japanese | The kanji character '夏' (summer) is derived from '者' (person) and '火' (fire), indicating the intense heat and activity of the season. |
| Javanese | In Javanese folklore, 'panas' means the season when rice is planted. |
| Kannada | The word "ಬೇಸಿಗೆ" (bēsige) in Kannada also refers to the hot season or the period of intense heat. |
| Kazakh | In Kazakh, "жаз" also means "green pasture" and "greenery" |
| Khmer | The Khmer word "រដូវក្តៅ" can also refer to the time period from March to May. |
| Korean | 여름 is also used to indicate the hottest day during a given season |
| Kurdish | The word 'havîn' is used in some Kurdish dialects to refer to 'harvest' as well. |
| Kyrgyz | In Kyrgyz, the word "жай" also refers to the warmest season in general, including spring and autumn. |
| Latin | Aestas is the Latin word for "summer" and is also the root of the word "estival," meaning "of or relating to summer." |
| Latvian | The Latvian word "vasara" also refers to a beekeeper's veil or helmet worn to protect the face from bee stings. |
| Lithuanian | The word "vasara" is related to the Sanskrit word "vasara" meaning "day" or "sun". |
| Luxembourgish | "Summer" in Luxembourgish also means "top, top part" or "upper part of a tree, upper part of a plant". |
| Macedonian | The word "лето" (summer) in Macedonian shares its origin with the Greek word "aestas" and has the alternate meaning of "year" in Old Church Slavonic. |
| Malagasy | The word "vanin-taona mafana" literally means the "the hot season". |
| Malay | The Malay word "musim panas" comes from the Sanskrit word "grīṣma" (ग्रीष्म), which also means "summer". |
| Malayalam | വേനൽ also means "the south" and shares a root with words like "vanam" (forest) and "veena" (musical instrument). |
| Maltese | "Sajf" in Maltese comes from the Arabic "sajf", meaning "ripe fruit". |
| Maori | The Maori word "raumati" not only denotes "summer" but also signifies "warmth" and "comfort". |
| Marathi | The Marathi word 'उन्हाळा' (summer) is derived from the root 'उष्ण' (hot), and also refers to the hot season in traditional Indian astrology, lasting from mid-April to mid-June. |
| Mongolian | "Зун" is a homonym, meaning both "summer" and "east" in Mongolian. |
| Nepali | The word "गर्मी" can also refer to heat or warmth. |
| Norwegian | Etymology: Old Norse somar meaning 'season of sunshine'. |
| Nyanja (Chichewa) | The etymology of "chilimwe" is uncertain, but one theory is that it derives from the verb "kulima", meaning "to cultivate", suggesting a link between summer and the agricultural season. |
| Pashto | The word "دوبی" can alternatively mean "a double bedsheet made of cotton" in Pashto. |
| Persian | "تابستان" is derived from the verb "تابیدن" (to shine) and means "the season of shining light". |
| Polish | The word "lato" is also a slang term for "alcohol" in Polish. |
| Portuguese (Portugal, Brazil) | The word "verão" in Portuguese (Portugal, Brazil), derived from the Latin "verare", initially meant "to flourish". |
| Punjabi | The word "ਗਰਮੀ" also has an alternate meaning of "heat" or "warmth". |
| Romanian | The Romanian word "vară" is a cognate of the Latin verb "verare," meaning "to flourish." |
| Russian | The word лето also means "year" in Old Church Slavonic, and its original meaning was "warm season" |
| Samoan | The word "taumafanafana" in Samoan not only means "summer", but also "the season of plenty" and "the time of abundance". |
| Scots Gaelic | Samhradh shares an origin with "summer" and also translates to "midyear" in Scots Gaelic. |
| Serbian | The Serbian word "лето" also refers to a period of 100 years. |
| Sesotho | "Hlabula" (summer) comes from the verb "hlaba" (to reap), suggesting the season of harvest. |
| Shona | The noun "chirimo" primarily means "summer" in Shona, but can also refer to "heat" or "dryness." |
| Sindhi | In Sindhi, 'ونهارو' (''onharo'') can also mean 'the season of mangoes' or 'the time of mango ripening'. |
| Sinhala (Sinhalese) | In Sinhala, the word ගිම්හානය (gimhana) not only refers to the summer season but also denotes a period of extreme heat and drought. |
| Slovak | Leto is also a common name for the Slavic sun goddess, Lada |
| Slovenian | The Slovenian word "poletje" derives from the Proto-Slavic word *pьľtьje, meaning "warm season". |
| Somali | The word "xagaaga" also refers to a specific period of the year between August 15 and September 14. |
| Spanish | Verano, derived from 'ver', meaning 'green', is also used to denote lush vegetation or the greenness of summer. |
| Sundanese | The word "usum panas" in Sundanese also refers to the dry season. |
| Swahili | The Swahili word "majira ya joto" is derived from the Arabic word "muharrat" (summer). In Arabic, "muharrat" also means "heat" and "drought", highlighting the strong association between summer and these phenomena in the region. |
| Swedish | The Swedish word "sommar" is cognate with the English word "summer", both ultimately deriving from the Proto-Germanic word "*sumaraz". |
| Tagalog (Filipino) | The Tagalog word "tag-araw" literally translates to "sun season" or "sun days". |
| Tajik | The word "тобистон" is derived from the Persian word "таъбистан" (summer) and is also cognate with the Russian word "лето" (summer). |
| Tamil | The word "கோடை" comes from the Sanskrit word "grīṣma," which translates to "hot season. |
| Telugu | వేసవి is a month in Telugu calendar, and is the first part of the monsoon season. |
| Thai | The word "ฤดูร้อน" also means "hot season" and is derived from the Sanskrit word "grīṣma" meaning "hot season". |
| Turkish | "Yaz" is also an abbreviation for "yazılım" (software) in Turkish. |
| Ukrainian | "Літо" is also a Proto-Slavic root meaning "to pour" and is the origin of the word "лити" ("to pour") in Ukrainian. |
| Urdu | The word 'موسم گرما' is also used to refer to the rainy season in South Asia. |
| Uzbek | Uzbek "yoz" has an Iranian origin, meaning "warmth" in Persian, and is also used in other Turkic languages with similar meaning. |
| Vietnamese | "Mùa hè" comes from "mùa" (season) and "hè" (hot), referring to the hot season. |
| Welsh | The Welsh word "haf" derives from the Proto-Celtic root "*samā" and is cognate with the English "summer" and Latin "aestas". |
| Xhosa | In isiXhosa, the word 'Ihlobo' not only means 'summer' but also refers to the 'season of heat'. |
| Yiddish | The Yiddish word "זומער" (zumer) can also refer to a "buzz" or "humming sound". |
| Yoruba | "Ooru" also means "town" or "city" in Yoruba. |
| Zulu | The word "ehlobo" also means "heat" in Zulu, indicating the association between summer and hot weather. |
| English | The word "summer" derives from the Proto-Indo-European root "*sems-," meaning "warm season". |