Afrikaans gesofistikeerde | ||
Albanian i sofistikuar | ||
Amharic የተራቀቀ | ||
Arabic متطور | ||
Armenian բարդ | ||
Assamese অত্যাধুনিক | ||
Aymara siphistikata | ||
Azerbaijani inkişaf etmiş | ||
Bambara ɲɛnabɔlen | ||
Basque sofistikatua | ||
Belarusian складаны | ||
Bengali পরিশীলিত | ||
Bhojpuri परिष्कृत | ||
Bosnian sofisticirano | ||
Bulgarian сложен | ||
Catalan sofisticat | ||
Cebuano sopistikado | ||
Chinese (Simplified) 复杂的 | ||
Chinese (Traditional) 複雜的 | ||
Corsican sufisticatu | ||
Croatian sofisticirani | ||
Czech sofistikovaný | ||
Danish sofistikeret | ||
Dhivehi ޒަމާނީ | ||
Dogri जटल | ||
Dutch geavanceerde | ||
English sophisticated | ||
Esperanto altnivela | ||
Estonian keerukas | ||
Ewe si me nu geɖe le | ||
Filipino (Tagalog) sopistikado | ||
Finnish hienostunut | ||
French sophistiqué | ||
Frisian ferfine | ||
Galician sofisticado | ||
Georgian დახვეწილი | ||
German anspruchsvoll | ||
Greek εκλεπτυσμένο | ||
Guarani hekojegua | ||
Gujarati સુસંસ્કૃત | ||
Haitian Creole sofistike | ||
Hausa na zamani | ||
Hawaiian sophisticated | ||
Hebrew מתוחכם | ||
Hindi जटिल | ||
Hmong ntse | ||
Hungarian kifinomult | ||
Icelandic fágað | ||
Igbo ọkaibe | ||
Ilocano natangig | ||
Indonesian canggih | ||
Irish sofaisticiúil | ||
Italian sofisticato | ||
Japanese 洗練された | ||
Javanese canggih | ||
Kannada ಅತ್ಯಾಧುನಿಕ | ||
Kazakh талғампаз | ||
Khmer ទំនើប | ||
Kinyarwanda ubuhanga | ||
Konkani विकसीत | ||
Korean 매우 복잡한 | ||
Krio wɔndaful | ||
Kurdish sofîstîke | ||
Kurdish (Sorani) ئاڵۆز | ||
Kyrgyz татаал | ||
Lao ຊັບຊ້ອນ | ||
Latin sophisticated | ||
Latvian izsmalcināts | ||
Lingala ya mindondo | ||
Lithuanian sudėtingas | ||
Luganda tategerekeka | ||
Luxembourgish sophistikéiert | ||
Macedonian софистициран | ||
Maithili जटिल | ||
Malagasy fitaovana | ||
Malay canggih | ||
Malayalam സങ്കീർണ്ണമായ | ||
Maltese sofistikati | ||
Maori mātanga | ||
Marathi परिष्कृत | ||
Meiteilon (Manipuri) ꯑꯐꯕ ꯃꯒꯨꯟ ꯆꯦꯟꯕ | ||
Mizo changkang | ||
Mongolian боловсронгуй | ||
Myanmar (Burmese) ခေတ်မီ | ||
Nepali परिष्कृत | ||
Norwegian sofistikert | ||
Nyanja (Chichewa) zotsogola | ||
Odia (Oriya) ଅତ୍ୟାଧୁନିକ | | ||
Oromo walxaxaa | ||
Pashto پرمختللي | ||
Persian پیچیده | ||
Polish wyrafinowany | ||
Portuguese (Portugal, Brazil) sofisticado | ||
Punjabi ਸੂਝਵਾਨ | ||
Quechua sofisticado | ||
Romanian sofisticat | ||
Russian сложный | ||
Samoan faʻafaigofie | ||
Sanskrit परिष्कृतः | ||
Scots Gaelic soifiostaigeach | ||
Sepedi thantše | ||
Serbian софистициран | ||
Sesotho e tsoetseng pele | ||
Shona zvakaoma | ||
Sindhi نفيس | ||
Sinhala (Sinhalese) නවීන | ||
Slovak sofistikované | ||
Slovenian sofisticiran | ||
Somali casri ah | ||
Spanish sofisticado | ||
Sundanese canggih | ||
Swahili kisasa | ||
Swedish sofistikerad | ||
Tagalog (Filipino) sopistikado | ||
Tajik мураккаб | ||
Tamil அதிநவீன | ||
Tatar катлаулы | ||
Telugu అధునాతన | ||
Thai ซับซ้อน | ||
Tigrinya ዝተወሳሰበ | ||
Tsonga xiyimo xa le henhla | ||
Turkish sofistike | ||
Turkmen çylşyrymly | ||
Twi (Akan) abɔ ho ban | ||
Ukrainian вишуканий | ||
Urdu نفیس | ||
Uyghur مۇرەككەپ | ||
Uzbek murakkab | ||
Vietnamese tinh vi | ||
Welsh soffistigedig | ||
Xhosa ephucukileyo | ||
Yiddish סאַפיסטיקייטאַד | ||
Yoruba fafa | ||
Zulu eyinkimbinkimbi |
| Language | Etymology / Notes |
|---|---|
| Afrikaans | The word "gesofistikeerde" in Afrikaans originates from the French word "sophistiqué" and shares the same meaning of "complex" or "advanced". |
| Albanian | The Albanian word "i sofistikuar" ultimately derives from the Greek "sophistikos", meaning "of or pertaining to sophists", and ultimately from the verb "sophistes", meaning "wise" or "skilled". |
| Amharic | The word "የተራቀቀ" in Amharic also means "to be well-versed" or "to be knowledgeable". |
| Arabic | The term 'متطور' ('sophisticated') derives from the past passive participle of the verb 'ورط' ('to involve'), and its original connotation refers to someone or something that is complex, intricate, or hard to understand. |
| Azerbaijani | In Azerbaijani, the word "inkişaf etmiş" originates from the Arabic word "inkishaf", which means "disclosure" or "revelation". |
| Basque | In Basque, "sofistikatua" may also refer to someone who is "well-mannered" or has "good taste". |
| Belarusian | The word "складаны" can also mean "folded" or "collected" in Belarusian. |
| Bengali | The word "পরিশীলিত" is derived from the Sanskrit word “सु” meaning excellent, and “शील” meaning character. |
| Bosnian | The term 'sofisticirano' is thought to have emerged in the 18th century by blending the words 'sofista' (sophist) and 'circolo' (circle) and referred to the behavior of 'learned' people in literary and artistic circles. |
| Bulgarian | The word "сложен" can also mean "complex", "intricate", or "elaborate". |
| Catalan | In Catalan, the word "sofisticat" can also mean "adulterated" or "counterfeit". |
| Cebuano | "Sopistikado" comes from the Spanish word "sofisticado" and the English word "sophisticated". |
| Chinese (Simplified) | “复杂”一词最早见于《老子》,本义为“繁乱”,引申为“深奥”、“高深”等含义。 |
| Chinese (Traditional) | 複雜的本意是纏繞在一起,後引申為繁瑣、不容易理解的意思。 |
| Corsican | Sofisticatu derives from Spanish "sofisticado" which in turn derives from Late Latin "sophisticare" from Greek "sophistès" (wise person or teacher). |
| Croatian | Sofisticirani derives from the Greek "sophistes", meaning "a wise man or teacher." |
| Czech | Czech word "sofistikovaný" comes from French "sophistique", meaning "sophism" or "deceitful argument". |
| Danish | The word "sofistikeret" is derived from the French word "sophistique", meaning "wisdom" or "subtlety". |
| Dutch | The Dutch word "geavanceerde" can also mean "advanced" or "progressed" in a non-sophisticated sense, as in "geavanceerde kanker" (advanced cancer). |
| Esperanto | "Altnivela" derives from "alteni" (to make old) and "nivel" (level) and originally meant "of older standard", in contrast to "novnivela" (from "novi" (to make new) and "nivel") meant "of the latest standard". |
| Estonian | The word "keerukas" also means "complex" or "difficult" in Estonian. |
| Finnish | "Hienostunut" traces its origins to the Proto-Finnic word "hieno," meaning "thin" or "fine," and came to take on its modern meaning over time. |
| French | The word "sophistiqué" is derived from the Greek word "sophistes," meaning "wise one". It is also used to describe something that is complex or refined. |
| Frisian | The Frisian word "ferfine" is derived from the Old Frisian word "ferfenien," meaning "to refine or to polish." |
| Galician | In Galician, "sofisticado" also means "affected" or "pretentious". |
| German | In archaic usage, "anspruchsvoll" can also mean demanding and exacting. |
| Greek | The Greek word "εκλεπτυσμένο" is derived from the adjective "λεπτός" (slender, delicate) and the suffix "-ισμένο" (refined). |
| Gujarati | "સુસંસ્કૃત" (sophisticated) is derived from Sanskrit "su" (good) and "samskara" (refinement), meaning "well-cultivated" or "of good character". |
| Haitian Creole | The word "sofistike" in Haitian Creole is derived from the French word "sophistiqué" and also means "complex" or "difficult to understand". |
| Hausa | Na Zamani also means 'long ago' in Hausa, referring to events in the distant past. |
| Hawaiian | In Hawaiian, the word "sophisticated" means "to know a lot about something". |
| Hebrew | The etymology of the word "מתוחכם" is rooted in the Arabic word "صوفي" (Sufi), which refers to a Muslim mystic who seeks spiritual enlightenment through contemplation and meditation. |
| Hindi | The word 'जटिल' in Hindi, meaning 'sophisticated', originates from the Sanskrit root 'जट्ट' ('jat'), meaning 'to be tangled or complicated'. |
| Hmong | The Hmong word "ntse" also means "deep thinking" or "to calculate." |
| Hungarian | The Hungarian word "kifinomult" is composed of the elements "kifinomodott" and "ult", meaning "to become refined" and "beyond". |
| Icelandic | The word "fágað" is related to the word "fagur," which means "beautiful" or "handsome." |
| Igbo | The Igbo word "ọkaibe" can also mean "cunning" or "shrewd". |
| Indonesian | In Javanese, "canggih" originally meant "strong" in a magical or spiritual sense. |
| Irish | "Sofaisticiúil" is derived from the Latin "sophisticus," meaning "of the sophists," and originally referred to the teachings of the Greek sophists, who were known for their clever and persuasive arguments. |
| Italian | "Sofisticato" in Italian derives from the Latin "sophistes", meaning skilled in cunning or clever argument, and has also been used to describe philosophers or teachers of philosophy in ancient Greece. |
| Japanese | The word "洗練された" derives from the verb "洗練する" (to refine) and can also mean "cultured" or "polished". |
| Javanese | The Javanese word "canggih" also refers to the "strength" or "sharpness" of a weapon, such as a knife or sword. |
| Kannada | The word "ಅತ್ಯಾಧುನಿಕ" is a compound of "ಅತಿ" (very), "ಆಧುನಿಕ" (modern), it originally meant "ultramodern" but now has a more general meaning of "sophisticated, refined". |
| Kazakh | The word "талғампаз" is derived from the Persian word "talabgar", meaning "seeker of", and the Kazakh suffix "-paz", meaning "one who does". It can also mean "choosy" or "particular" in Kazakh. |
| Khmer | The word ទំនើប can also refer to someone who is up-to-date with the latest trends or technology. |
| Korean | The word "매우 복잡한" (sophisticated) in Korean also means "difficult to understand" and "complex". |
| Kyrgyz | Despite the widespread notion that "татаал" solely signifies "sophisticated," it also connotes "well-dressed" and "ornate." |
| Lao | "ຊັບຊ້ອນ" also means 'complicated' and 'complex' and is a term often seen in legal or academic texts. |
| Latin | Derived from the Latin phrase sophisticare, meaning "to falsify" or "to counterfeit," sophisticated originally meant "corrupted" or "adulterated." |
| Latvian | The word "izsmalcināts" in Latvian is derived from the French word "émail," meaning "enamel," and originally referred to the refinement of metalwork. |
| Lithuanian | "Sudėtingas" also means "complicated" in Lithuanian. |
| Macedonian | The word "sophisticated" derives from the Latin word "sophisticatus," meaning "cunning" or "clever." |
| Malagasy | The word "fitaovana" in Malagasy can also refer to "accomplished" or "skillful". |
| Malay | "Canggih" is derived from the Javanese word "canggih", meaning "skillful" or "expert". |
| Maltese | The Maltese word "sofistikati" comes from the Italian word "sofisticato", meaning "sophisticated" or "refined", but it can also refer to someone who is "clever" or "cunning". |
| Maori | The Māori word "mātanga" also refers to the ability to perceive and understand hidden truths or meanings. |
| Marathi | "परिष्कृत" also means "refined" or "polished" in Marathi. |
| Mongolian | The word "боловсронгуй" can also mean "refined" or "elegant". |
| Nepali | The word 'परिष्कृत' is derived from the Sanskrit word 'परिष्कार', meaning 'purification' or 'refinement'. |
| Norwegian | In Norwegian, “sofistikert” can also mean “argumentative”. |
| Nyanja (Chichewa) | The word 'zotsogola' can also refer to a kind of traditional attire worn by the Ngoni tribe of Malawi. |
| Pashto | The word "پرمختللي" is derived from the Arabic word "مختل" (mukhtal) meaning "different" or "diverse". |
| Persian | The word "پیچیده" can also mean "twisted" or "intricate" in Persian, highlighting its multifaceted nature. |
| Polish | The word "wyrafinowany" is derived from the French word "raffiner", meaning "to refine" or "to polish". |
| Portuguese (Portugal, Brazil) | In Portuguese, "sofisticado" can also refer to something that is elaborate, complex, or refined. |
| Punjabi | The word "ਸੂਝਵਾਨ" also means "one who is wise, knowledgeable, and experienced" in Punjabi. |
| Romanian | The word "sofisticat" comes from the Turkish word "softa", which means "student", and it is often used in Romanian to describe someone who is overly serious or pedantic. |
| Russian | "Сложный" shares the same root with "слово" (word) and literally means "composed of words". It can also mean "complex" or "complicated". |
| Samoan | The word "faʻafaigofie" is derived from the words "faʻa" (to make) and "faigofie" (beautiful), meaning "to make beautiful". |
| Scots Gaelic | No information on this topic was found in the provided context. |
| Serbian | The word "софистициран" (sophisticated) originally meant "wise" or "skillful" in ancient Greek, and can still carry this meaning in Serbian. |
| Sesotho | "E tsoetseng pele" can literally mean "on the back of the hare". |
| Shona | The word "zvakaoma" also means "mature, experienced, or wise" in Shona. |
| Sindhi | The word "nafis" is derived from the Arabic word "nafas" meaning "breath" or "soul", suggesting something delicate, exquisite, or precious. |
| Sinhala (Sinhalese) | In addition to "sophisticated," "නවීන" can also mean "modern," "novel," "new," "up-to-date," "current," "contemporary," "advanced," "progressive," "futuristic," and "state-of-the-art" in Sinhala (Sinhalese). |
| Slovak | The word "sofistikované" can also mean "refined" or "elegant" in Slovak. |
| Slovenian | The word “sofisticiran” derives from the Greek word “sophistikos”, which means "clever" or "skilful". |
| Somali | The word "casri ah" in Somali is derived from the Arabic word "qasr," meaning "castle" or "mansion," and is used figuratively to describe someone with refined tastes or behaviors. |
| Spanish | The word "sofisticado" derives from the Greek "sophismata", meaning "clever arguments". |
| Sundanese | The etymology of the Sundanese word "canggih" is uncertain, with some linguists suggesting it comes from the Javanese word "canggaih", meaning "to reach" or "to achieve", while others propose a more complex origin. |
| Swahili | "Kisasa" can also mean "stylish" or "modern" in Swahili |
| Swedish | Det svenska ordet "sofistikerad" kommer från det franska "sophistique", vilket betyder "konstfull" eller "påhittad". |
| Tagalog (Filipino) | The word "sopistikado" originally meant "adulterated" or "corrupted" in Tagalog, but has since taken on the more positive meaning of "sophisticated". |
| Tajik | The word "мураккаб" is derived from the Arabic word "ركّب" (rakkaba), meaning "to join" or "to compose." |
| Tamil | The word 'அதிநவீன' derives from the Sanskrit word 'अति' (excessive) and 'नवीन' (new), meaning 'extremely new' or 'cutting-edge'. |
| Thai | The word "ซับซ้อน" can also mean "to be convoluted" or "to be complex". |
| Turkish | The word "sofistike" in Turkish is ultimately derived from the Greek word "sophistikos", meaning "pertaining to the sophists". |
| Ukrainian | The Ukrainian word "вишуканий" (sophisticated) derives from the verb "вишукувати" (to seek out, to find), suggesting a refined or discerning taste. |
| Urdu | The word "نفیس" also means "rare" or "exquisite" in Urdu. |
| Uzbek | The word "murakkab" also means "complicated" or "compound" in Uzbek. |
| Vietnamese | The word "tinh vi" can also mean "subtle" or "detailed" |
| Welsh | The word "soffistigedig" is derived from the French word "sophistique," which means "false wisdom" or "deception." |
| Xhosa | The word "ephucukileyo" can also refer to someone or something that is pretentious. |
| Yiddish | In Yiddish, the word “sophisticated” has alternate meanings including “smart,” “wise” or even “cunning.” |
| Yoruba | The word "fafa" in Yoruba can also mean "good" or "fine." |
| Zulu | The word 'eyinkimbinkimbi' is likely derived from the Bantu root '*kimp-*, meaning 'dark,' 'black,' or 'hidden. It also has metaphorical meanings such as 'subtle,' 'mysterious,' or 'complex,' which could have given rise to its meaning of 'sophisticated'. |
| English | "Sophisticated" derives etymologically from Medieval Latin "sophisticatus," meaning "corrupted" or "adulterated." |