Rough in Different Languages
Discover 'Rough' in 134 Languages: Dive into Translations, Hear Pronunciations, and Uncover Cultural Insights.
Rough
Afrikaans rof | ||
Albanian i përafërt | ||
Amharic ሻካራ | ||
Arabic الخام | ||
Armenian կոպիտ | ||
Assamese খহটা | ||
Aymara jan tuxatata | ||
Azerbaijani kobud | ||
Bambara gɛlɛnman | ||
Basque latza | ||
Belarusian шурпаты | ||
Bengali মোটামুটি | ||
Bhojpuri खुरदुराह | ||
Bosnian grubo | ||
Bulgarian груб | ||
Catalan aspre | ||
Cebuano bagis | ||
Chinese (Simplified) 粗 | ||
Chinese (Traditional) 粗 | ||
Corsican aspra | ||
Croatian hrapav | ||
Czech hrubý | ||
Danish ru | ||
Dhivehi ގަދަ | ||
Dogri खौहरा | ||
Dutch ruw | ||
English rough | ||
Esperanto malglata | ||
Estonian karm | ||
Ewe ƒlatsa | ||
Filipino (Tagalog) magaspang | ||
Finnish karkea | ||
French rugueux | ||
Frisian rûch | ||
Galician bruto | ||
Georgian უხეში | ||
German rau | ||
Greek τραχύς | ||
Guarani korócho | ||
Gujarati રફ | ||
Haitian Creole ki graj | ||
Hausa m | ||
Hawaiian ʻoʻoleʻa | ||
Hebrew מְחוּספָּס | ||
Hindi असभ्य | ||
Hmong ntxhib | ||
Hungarian durva | ||
Icelandic gróft | ||
Igbo ike ike | ||
Ilocano nagurdo | ||
Indonesian kasar | ||
Irish garbh | ||
Italian ruvido | ||
Japanese 粗い | ||
Javanese kasar | ||
Kannada ಒರಟು | ||
Kazakh өрескел | ||
Khmer រដុប | ||
Kinyarwanda bikabije | ||
Konkani खडबडीत | ||
Korean 거칠게 | ||
Krio at | ||
Kurdish kortekort | ||
Kurdish (Sorani) نزیکە | ||
Kyrgyz орой | ||
Lao ຫຍາບ | ||
Latin aspero | ||
Latvian raupja | ||
Lingala makasi | ||
Lithuanian šiurkštus | ||
Luganda obukakanyavu | ||
Luxembourgish graff | ||
Macedonian грубо | ||
Maithili रूख | ||
Malagasy lava volo | ||
Malay kasar | ||
Malayalam പരുക്കൻ | ||
Maltese mhux maħduma | ||
Maori taratara | ||
Marathi उग्र | ||
Meiteilon (Manipuri) ꯀꯟꯕ | ||
Mizo biboh | ||
Mongolian барзгар | ||
Myanmar (Burmese) ကြမ်းတမ်း | ||
Nepali असभ्य | ||
Norwegian ujevn | ||
Nyanja (Chichewa) akhakula | ||
Odia (Oriya) ରୁଗ୍ | ||
Oromo shaakarraa'aa | ||
Pashto خراب | ||
Persian خشن | ||
Polish szorstki | ||
Portuguese (Portugal, Brazil) rude | ||
Punjabi ਰੁੱਖੀ | ||
Quechua qachqa | ||
Romanian stare brută | ||
Russian грубый | ||
Samoan talatala | ||
Sanskrit रूक्षः | ||
Scots Gaelic garbh | ||
Sepedi makgwakgwa | ||
Serbian грубо | ||
Sesotho kaba | ||
Shona rough | ||
Sindhi خراب | ||
Sinhala (Sinhalese) රළු | ||
Slovak drsný | ||
Slovenian grobo | ||
Somali qallafsan | ||
Spanish áspero | ||
Sundanese kasar | ||
Swahili mbaya | ||
Swedish grov | ||
Tagalog (Filipino) magaspang | ||
Tajik ноҳамвор | ||
Tamil தோராயமாக | ||
Tatar тупас | ||
Telugu కఠినమైన | ||
Thai ขรุขระ | ||
Tigrinya ሓርፋፍ | ||
Tsonga gwanya | ||
Turkish kaba | ||
Turkmen gödek | ||
Twi (Akan) basaa | ||
Ukrainian грубий | ||
Urdu کھردرا | ||
Uyghur قوپال | ||
Uzbek qo'pol | ||
Vietnamese thô | ||
Welsh garw | ||
Xhosa erhabaxa | ||
Yiddish פּראָסט | ||
Yoruba ti o ni inira | ||
Zulu kabuhlungu |
Etymology & Notes
| Language | Etymology / Notes |
|---|---|
| Afrikaans | The Afrikaans word "rof" has Old Dutch and Old High German roots and also means "coarse, shaggy, disheveled," "wild, untamed," or "uncultivated." |
| Albanian | The word "i përafërt" can also mean "approximate" or "nearby". |
| Amharic | "ሻካራ" is derived from the onomatopoeia "ሻክ" (a scratching sound) and its causative form "ሻካረ". |
| Arabic | The Arabic word "الخام" can also refer to a type of raw silk or to something that is unprocessed or unfinished. |
| Armenian | It means ''crude'' and ''uncultivated'' and is related to the word ''կպել'' [''stick''] in Armenian. |
| Azerbaijani | The word "kobud" in Azerbaijani can also mean "unrefined" or "uncultivated." |
| Basque | Latza may derive from the proto-Basque term *latsa 'cold', and may originally have meant 'freezing'. |
| Belarusian | The word «шурпаты» can also mean «unpleasant in character». |
| Bengali | The Bengali word 'মোটামুটি' is derived from the Sanskrit word 'मोट' meaning 'thick', and 'মূতি' meaning 'form', thus implying something that is 'roughly shaped' or 'not refined'. |
| Bosnian | While the word "grubo" generally means "rough" in Bosnian, it can also refer to something that is coarse, or to a person who is rude or uncultured. |
| Bulgarian | The word "груб" can also mean "impolite" or "rude" in Bulgarian. |
| Catalan | The word 'aspre' in Catalan can also refer to something that is harsh, bitter, or difficult. |
| Cebuano | The Cebuano word "bagis" has a cognate in the Tagalog word "bagis" which means "to attack" and "to cut". |
| Chinese (Simplified) | "粗" originally meant "raw silk" and, by extension, something "rough" or "unrefined." |
| Chinese (Traditional) | 粗 can also mean "not refined" or "not polished". |
| Corsican | "Aspra" can also mean "strong", "violent" or "bad". |
| Croatian | 'Hrapav' might be connected to the word 'hrabriti' ('to encourage'), but their semantic evolution is uncertain. |
| Czech | The word "hrubý" can also mean "thick" or "coarse" in Czech, referring to the physical properties of objects or substances. |
| Danish | The Danish word "ru" is also an archaic form of "ry" (rye) and can refer to a type of coarse bread made from rye flour. |
| Dutch | Ruig is also used in the Netherlands to describe someone's hair, or fur, meaning unkempt or shaggy. |
| Esperanto | "Malglata" can also mean "disgusting" or "distasteful." |
| Estonian | The word "karm" also means "harsh; fierce; violent" in Estonian. |
| Finnish | The word "karkea" also means "coarse" or "rough-hewn" in Finnish and is often used to describe fabrics and other materials. |
| French | "Rugueux" comes from the Latin "rugosus" meaning "wrinkled," from the root "ruga." The word "ruga" itself can mean both "wrinkle" and "street," and is related to the English word "rut." |
| Frisian | The word “rûch” (“rough”) in Frisian can also mean “hairy” and is cognate with the English word “rug”. |
| Galician | "Bruto" in Galician can also mean "uneducated" or "uncouth". |
| Georgian | The Georgian word "უხეში" (rough) also means "blunt" or "impolite". |
| German | In botany, 'rau' refers to plants with hairy or bristly leaves, while in mineralogy, it describes stones with a rough surface. |
| Greek | Τραχύς ('rough') comes from the Proto-Indo-European root *treḱ-, meaning 'to pull' or 'to tear'. |
| Gujarati | The word "rough" can also mean harsh, unpleasant, or difficult. |
| Haitian Creole | 'Ki graj' also refers to a game of skill and agility similar to pick-up sticks |
| Hausa | The Hausa word for "rough" is a homograph with 6 different meanings, 4 of them nominal and 2 verbal. |
| Hawaiian | The word ʻoʻoleʻa can also refer to a type of grass used for thatching or to a rough-skinned variety of banana. |
| Hebrew | The word מְחוּספָּס, meaning "rough" in modern Hebrew, is derived from the root חרץ, meaning "to engrave". |
| Hindi | The term असभ्य also means crude, uncultured, vulgar, ill-mannered, rude, ill-behaved, etc. |
| Hmong | The verb ntxhib, meaning 'to be/get rough,' is based on the noun txhiab meaning 'a scab.' This suggests a connection between skin and roughness. |
| Hungarian | Durva has connotations of something being dirty, clumsy, or tasteless in Hungarian slang. |
| Icelandic | The word "gróft" shares an etymology with the English word "gravitas," meaning "seriousness" or "dignity." |
| Igbo | In Igbo, the word 'ike ike' also means 'very strong' or 'difficult'. |
| Indonesian | The Indonesian word "kasar" can also refer to "coarse", "harsh", or "vulgar" speech. |
| Irish | The Modern Irish term 'garbh' may come from the reconstructed Proto-Celtic word 'karbos', meaning 'horned'. |
| Italian | The Italian "ruvido" can also mean "harsh" in the sense of unpleasant or offensive speech. |
| Japanese | "粗い" can also mean "coarse" or "hasty." |
| Javanese | The word "kasar" in Javanese can also mean "coarse" or "vulgar". |
| Kannada | "ಒರಟು" (oratu) can also mean "bold" or "harsh". |
| Kazakh | "Өрескел" also means "brave" or "courageous". |
| Khmer | The word "រដុប" can also mean "to be rough or harsh to someone" in Khmer. |
| Korean | Korean term '거칠게' is also used to describe the rough texture of fabric or the choppy movement of the sea. |
| Kurdish | The word "kortekort" in Kurdish originates from the Sorani word "kort" meaning "cut", implying a rugged or coarse texture. |
| Kyrgyz | The Kyrgyz word "орой" can also be used to describe a person who is difficult or unpleasant to deal with. |
| Lao | The Lao word "ຫຍາບ" (rough) can also refer to the texture of a surface, or the manner in which something is done. |
| Latin | The Latin word "aspero" shares its root with the Greek word "aspros" meaning "white" or "bright". |
| Latvian | The word "raupja" is also used to describe a coarse-grained or unrefined texture. |
| Lithuanian | The Lithuanian word "šiurkštus" is cognate with the Sanskrit word "karkasha", which also means "rough". |
| Luxembourgish | The Luxembourgish word "graff" is a cognate of the German word "grob", and it can also mean "coarse" or "crude". |
| Macedonian | The word "грубо" can also mean "rude" or "coarse" in Macedonian. |
| Malagasy | The word "lava volo" in Malagasy can also mean "coarse" or "rough to the touch." |
| Malay | "Kasar" also means coarse, crude, plain, and uncultured. |
| Maltese | The Maltese word "mhux maħduma" literally translates to "not worked" in English, hinting at its original meaning of "unworked, raw, or unfinished". |
| Maori | In Maori, "taratara" can also refer to a type of tree bark used for building and as a traditional medicine. |
| Marathi | The word "उग्र" (rough) in Marathi can also mean "harsh", "intense", or "violent". |
| Mongolian | The word |
| Nepali | असभ्य is derived from "सभ्य," which means "civilized," and thus has connotations of lacking refinement or education. |
| Norwegian | "Ujevn" is derived from the Old Norse word "ójafn," meaning "unequal" or "undulating." |
| Nyanja (Chichewa) | The word "akhakula" is also used to describe the surface of something that has not been polished or refined. |
| Pashto | The word "خراب" in Pashto can also refer to a ruined or destroyed place. |
| Persian | The Persian word "خشن" (rough) comes from the Proto-Indo-European root *ǵʰers- meaning "to scratch" and is a cognate with English "harsh". |
| Polish | "Szorstki" comes from the Proto-Slavic word "*šьrstъ" meaning "hair" or "bristle". |
| Portuguese (Portugal, Brazil) | The Portuguese word "rude" (pronounced [ˈʁudi]), which is also used in Brazil, comes from the Latin "rudis", meaning "rough," and has a similar meaning to its English cognate, but also carries the meaning of "unrefined" or "uncouth" behavior. |
| Punjabi | The word "ਰੁੱਖੀ" may also refer to an uncooked vegetable, or to a person who lacks manners. |
| Romanian | The word "stare brută" (rough) derives from the Latin statura (stance), so its primary meaning is "stature", i.e., body height and proportion. |
| Russian | Грубый (grooby) can also mean "coarse" or "obscene" |
| Samoan | The word "talatala" can also mean "completely" or "very much" in Samoan. |
| Scots Gaelic | The Gaelic word "garbh" originates from Old Irish "garb," meaning rough or coarse, and is cognate with Welsh "garw" and Cornish "garow". |
| Serbian | In Serbocroatian, the term "grube nespretnosti ili maniri" means 'gross discourteousness or manners'. |
| Sesotho | In Sesotho, "kaba" can also refer to anything that is unripe, immature, or raw. |
| Shona | The Shona word "rough" derives from the verb "kurova", meaning "to plow". In addition to its literal meaning, it is also used to describe someone who is uncouth or unrefined. |
| Sindhi | In Sindhi, 'خراب' can also mean 'abandoned' or 'in ruins'. |
| Sinhala (Sinhalese) | The Sinhalese word "රළු" (rough) can also mean "strong" or "fierce" in some contexts. |
| Slovak | The Slovak word "drsný" can also mean harsh or severe in nature, as in the phrase "drsné poveternostné podmienky" (severe weather conditions). |
| Slovenian | In Slovene, the etymology of "grobo" comes from Proto-Slavic "*gordъ", which could also mean "thick" or "sturdy". |
| Somali | The word 'qallafsan' is derived from the Arabic word 'qallaf,' which means 'to peel' or 'to shave'. |
| Spanish | "Áspero" is related to the Latin "asper" (rough, cruel), which also derives from the Proto-Indo-European root "*ak-s" (sharp). |
| Sundanese | Sundanese "kasar" may also mean "bad" or "improper," especially in reference to language. |
| Swahili | The word "mbaya" also conveys various negative connotations depending on the context, sometimes even suggesting something harmful or wicked. |
| Swedish | The Swedish word "grov" can also refer to something that is large or coarse |
| Tagalog (Filipino) | "Magaspang" derives from the root word "gaspang," which means "rough or coarse." |
| Tajik | The word "ноҳамвор" originates from the Persian word "ناهموار" and also means "uneven" or "rugged". |
| Tamil | The term "தோராயமாக" (rough) in Tamil also refers to something that is not exact or precise. |
| Telugu | కఠినమైన is derived from the Proto-Dravidian root *kaṭa- meaning 'to be hard'. |
| Thai | The word "ขรุขระ" can also mean "uneven" or "irregular". |
| Turkish | "Kaba" can also refer to coarse fabric, vulgar language, or a clumsy person in Turkish. |
| Ukrainian | The word "грубий" can also mean "arrogant" or "coarse" in Ukrainian. |
| Urdu | The word "کھردرا" (rough) in Urdu can also mean "coarse" or "gravelly". |
| Uzbek | Uzbek "qo'pol" originally meant "clumsy" or "poorly done" but later came to mean "rough." |
| Vietnamese | The word "thô" in Vietnamese can also mean "unrefined" or "rustic". |
| Welsh | The Welsh word "garw" originally meant "coarse" or "harsh" in reference to the texture of fabrics, but later came to be used more generally for anything that was rough or uneven. |
| Xhosa | The word "erhabaxa" in Xhosa has alternate meanings of "rough terrain" and "difficult to traverse." |
| Yiddish | The word פּראָסט ('rough') in Yiddish may also refer to a commoner or layman. |
| Yoruba | "Ti o ni inira" also means "having a strong or rough tongue" or "one who is difficult to convince or handle" in Yoruba. |
| Zulu | In Xhosa, the word "kabuhlungu" also refers to a type of rough, coarse cloth made from animal hide or bark. |
| English | The word "rough" derives from the Old English word "ruh", meaning "hairy" or "shaggy." |