Afrikaans weerspieël | ||
Albanian pasqyrim | ||
Amharic ያንፀባርቁ | ||
Arabic تعكس | ||
Armenian արտացոլել | ||
Assamese প্ৰতিফলন | ||
Aymara qhantaña | ||
Azerbaijani əks etdirmək | ||
Bambara taasi | ||
Basque hausnartu | ||
Belarusian адлюстраваць | ||
Bengali প্রতিফলিত করা | ||
Bhojpuri प्रतिबिंबित भईल | ||
Bosnian odražavaju | ||
Bulgarian отразяват | ||
Catalan reflexionar | ||
Cebuano mamalandong | ||
Chinese (Simplified) 反映 | ||
Chinese (Traditional) 反映 | ||
Corsican riflette | ||
Croatian odražavati | ||
Czech odrážet | ||
Danish afspejle | ||
Dhivehi ރިފްލެކްޓް | ||
Dogri परछामां पौना | ||
Dutch reflecteren | ||
English reflect | ||
Esperanto reflekti | ||
Estonian peegeldama | ||
Ewe klẽ | ||
Filipino (Tagalog) sumasalamin | ||
Finnish heijastaa | ||
French réfléchir | ||
Frisian wjerspegelje | ||
Galician reflexo | ||
Georgian ასახვა | ||
German reflektieren | ||
Greek κατοπτρίζω | ||
Guarani hechauka | ||
Gujarati પ્રતિબિંબ | ||
Haitian Creole reflechi | ||
Hausa yi tunani | ||
Hawaiian noonoo | ||
Hebrew משקף | ||
Hindi प्रतिबिंबित | ||
Hmong muaj kev cuam tshuam | ||
Hungarian tükrözik | ||
Icelandic endurspegla | ||
Igbo iche echiche | ||
Ilocano iyanninaw | ||
Indonesian mencerminkan | ||
Irish léiriú | ||
Italian riflettere | ||
Japanese 反射する | ||
Javanese nggambarake | ||
Kannada ಪ್ರತಿಬಿಂಬಿಸಿ | ||
Kazakh шағылыстыру | ||
Khmer ឆ្លុះបញ្ចាំង | ||
Kinyarwanda tekereza | ||
Konkani प्रतिबिंबीत | ||
Korean 비추다 | ||
Krio tink bak | ||
Kurdish biriqandin | ||
Kurdish (Sorani) ڕەنگدانەوە | ||
Kyrgyz чагылдыруу | ||
Lao ສະທ້ອນ | ||
Latin reflectunt, | ||
Latvian pārdomāt | ||
Lingala komonisa | ||
Lithuanian atspindėti | ||
Luganda okufumitiriza | ||
Luxembourgish reflektéieren | ||
Macedonian одразуваат | ||
Maithili परछाई | ||
Malagasy taratra | ||
Malay merenung | ||
Malayalam പ്രതിഫലിപ്പിക്കുക | ||
Maltese jirriflettu | ||
Maori whakaata | ||
Marathi प्रतिबिंबित करा | ||
Meiteilon (Manipuri) ꯊꯛꯇꯣꯛꯄ | ||
Mizo chhunlet | ||
Mongolian тусгах | ||
Myanmar (Burmese) ရောင်ပြန်ဟပ် | ||
Nepali प्रतिबिम्बित | ||
Norwegian reflektere | ||
Nyanja (Chichewa) ganizirani | ||
Odia (Oriya) ପ୍ରତିଫଳିତ କରନ୍ତୁ | ||
Oromo calaqqisuu | ||
Pashto منعکس کړئ | ||
Persian منعکس کردن | ||
Polish odzwierciedlić | ||
Portuguese (Portugal, Brazil) refletir | ||
Punjabi ਝਲਕ | ||
Quechua qawachiy | ||
Romanian reflectați | ||
Russian отражать | ||
Samoan manatunatu | ||
Sanskrit परावर्तति | ||
Scots Gaelic meòrachadh | ||
Sepedi bontšha | ||
Serbian одразити | ||
Sesotho bonahatsa | ||
Shona kuratidza | ||
Sindhi ظاهر ڪرڻ | ||
Sinhala (Sinhalese) පරාවර්තනය කරන්න | ||
Slovak odrážať | ||
Slovenian odražajo | ||
Somali milicso | ||
Spanish reflejar | ||
Sundanese ngeunteung | ||
Swahili tafakari | ||
Swedish reflektera | ||
Tagalog (Filipino) sumasalamin | ||
Tajik инъикос мекунанд | ||
Tamil பிரதிபலிக்கவும் | ||
Tatar чагылдыру | ||
Telugu ప్రతిబింబిస్తాయి | ||
Thai สะท้อน | ||
Tigrinya ኣንጸባርቕ | ||
Tsonga langutisa | ||
Turkish yansıtmak | ||
Turkmen şöhlelendirmek | ||
Twi (Akan) sɛso | ||
Ukrainian відображати | ||
Urdu منعکس کریں | ||
Uyghur ئەكىس ئەتتۈرۈش | ||
Uzbek aks ettirish | ||
Vietnamese phản chiếu | ||
Welsh adlewyrchu | ||
Xhosa bonakalisa | ||
Yiddish פאַרטראַכטן | ||
Yoruba afihan | ||
Zulu bonisa |
| Language | Etymology / Notes |
|---|---|
| Afrikaans | "Weerspieël" derives from the Old English word "weðerspiegelung", meaning "mirror image." |
| Albanian | "Pasqyrim" means "reflection" in Albanian, but it can also refer to an image, a mirror, or a representation. |
| Amharic | "ያንፀባርቁ" also means "to be ashamed" in Amharic. |
| Arabic | يعود أصل كلمة "تعكس" في اللغة العربية إلى الجذر "ع ك س" والذي يعني أيضًا " قلب" أو "عكس الاتجاه". |
| Azerbaijani | The word "əks etdirmək" also means "to copy" or "to imitate" in Azerbaijani. |
| Basque | The Proto-Basque form is *ausnar- and the original sense is 'make clear', 'clarify'. |
| Bengali | The word "প্রতিফলিত করা" can also mean "to repay" or "to return". |
| Bosnian | 'Od-ražavaju' literally translates to 'from-spread-out' in Bosnian. |
| Bulgarian | "Отразяват" comes from the Bulgarian word "трази" meaning "search" or "seek". |
| Catalan | El verbo "reflexionar" proviene del latín "reflectere", que también significa "doblar", "retroceder" o "regresar". |
| Cebuano | The word "mamalandong" likely comes from the word "landong" which means "mirror". |
| Chinese (Simplified) | 反映 means to reflect, and also means to represent or express something. |
| Chinese (Traditional) | 反映 may refer to something that a mirror does (reflecting light) or as something that reveals information. |
| Corsican | The alternate meaning of "riflette" is "to ponder." |
| Croatian | In Serbo-Croatian, the verb 'odražavati' can also mean 'to represent' or 'to demonstrate', not just 'to reflect'. |
| Czech | The Czech verb "odrážet" means not only "to reflect", but also "to parry", "to deflect" or "to fight off". |
| Danish | "Afspejle" is derived from the Old Norse "að spegla," meaning "to take in," and can also refer to a comparison between two things. |
| Dutch | In addition to meaning “reflect”, “reflecteren” in Dutch has meanings like “contemplate” or “meditate”. |
| Esperanto | The Esperanto word "reflekti" is derived from the Latin word "reflectere", meaning "to bend back" or "to turn back", and can also refer to the process of considering or pondering something. |
| Estonian | Peegeldama can also mean "to copy" or "to imitate" in Estonian. |
| Finnish | Heijastaa in Finnish may also mean "to shine" and was originally used to describe the glimmer of the moon and stars. |
| French | In French, "réfléchir" also means "to think about" or "to meditate on". |
| Frisian | The word "wjerspegelje" in Frisian has various meanings, depending on context, including "to reflect", "to observe", and "to consider". |
| Galician | The Galician word "reflexo" can also mean "reflection" or "thoughtful consideration". |
| Georgian | The verb |
| German | In German, "reflektieren" can also mean "to ponder" or "to consider carefully". |
| Greek | "Κατοπτρίζω" derives from "κάτοπτρον" (mirror) and means to see oneself reflected in a mirror or to be reflected in something. |
| Gujarati | The word 'પ્રતિબિંબ' can also mean 'reflection' or 'image' in the context of light and optics. |
| Haitian Creole | Reflechi means both 'reflect' and 'think'} |
| Hausa | In Hausa, "yi tunani" can also mean "to think" or "to reconsider," extending its semantic range beyond mere reflection. |
| Hawaiian | Derived from an earlier Proto-Malayo-Polynesian word "nunuy", meaning a shadow or a reflection |
| Hebrew | "משקף" (mishkaf) in Hebrew means not only "reflect" but also "glasses" or "spectacles," linking reflection to vision. |
| Hindi | "प्रतिबिंबित" is derived from the Sanskrit word "प्रतिबिम्बित" (pratibimbit), meaning "reflected". It can also mean "represented" or "expressed". |
| Hmong | The word "muaj kev cuam tshuam" can also mean "to interact" or "to have a relationship". |
| Hungarian | Tükrözik also means "to ponder" in Hungarian, sharing an origin with the German "denken" (to think). |
| Icelandic | The word "endurspegla" comes from the Old Norse word "endurspegla", which means "to reflect back", and is also related to the Old English word "onspegl", meaning "a mirror." |
| Igbo | The verb root |
| Indonesian | The Indonesian word "mencerminkan" came from the Proto-Malayo-Polynesian word *ma-cerimin* which means "make clear". The word "cermin" which is found in the word "mencerminkan" also means "mirror". |
| Irish | The Irish word 'léiriú' has a dual meaning, also translating to 'interpretation' or 'performance'. |
| Italian | "Riflettere" also means "to think" and comes from the Latin "reflectere," meaning "to bend back." |
| Japanese | 反射する can also mean 'to bounce back' or 'to recoil' in Japanese. |
| Javanese | In Javanese, nggambarake can also mean "to describe" or "to represent". |
| Kannada | The term "ಪ್ರತಿಬಿಂಬಿಸಿ" is ultimately derived from the Sanskrit root "bhā", which means "to shine or appear" or "to understand or know". |
| Kazakh | The verb "шағылыстыру" can also mean "to flash" or "to sparkle" in Kazakh. |
| Korean | The word "비추다" also means "to illuminate" or "to shine upon" in Korean. |
| Kurdish | The word 'biriqandin' in Kurdish can also mean to 'glow' or 'shimmer'. |
| Latin | Reflectunt, a Latin verb, also signifies to bend or turn back, or to reconsider a matter. |
| Latvian | "Pārdomāt" is a verb in Latvian, which is derived from "pār- + domāt" (to think over again). |
| Lithuanian | In Lithuanian, "atspindėti" has a secondary meaning of "to echo" or "to reverberate." |
| Luxembourgish | In Luxembourgish, 'reflektéieren' can also mean 'to think about something carefully' or 'to meditate on something'. |
| Malagasy | The Malagasy word "taratra" comes from the Malay root "terang" meaning lightning but also has the broader meaning of shine. |
| Malay | The word "merenung" is derived from the Javanese word "renung", meaning "to think deeply or meditate" |
| Maltese | "Jirriflettu" is the Maltese word for "reflecting" and is derived from the Arabic word "jirrif" meaning "to shake". |
| Maori | Whakaata can also mean 'to confess' or 'to expose to view' in Maori. |
| Marathi | The Marathi word 'प्रतिबिंबित करा' can also mean 'to consider' or 'to ponder'. |
| Mongolian | The verb `тусгах` has additional meanings in Mongolian, such as `to cause a sensation`, or `to recall a thought`. It comes from the root `тус`, which has roots back to Proto-Mongolic `tus-` (to perceive), as well as Turkic `tüz-` meaning `thought` (as reflected in words like `tüzünmek` and `tüzeltmek`). |
| Nepali | The word 'प्रतिबिम्बित' is derived from the Sanskrit word 'प्रतिबिम्ब', which means 'reflection' or 'image'. |
| Norwegian | In Norwegian, "reflektere" can also mean "to consider" or "to ponder". |
| Nyanja (Chichewa) | The word 'ganizirani' originates from the root word 'ganiza' meaning 'to think' and is also used to refer to 'self-reflection' or 'introspection'. |
| Pashto | In Arabic, the word "منعکس کړئ" also means "reflection" and "impression". |
| Persian | In Persian, "منعکس کردن" can also mean "to project" as in a movie projector projecting light onto a screen. |
| Polish | Odzwierciedlić derives from 'odzwierciedlać', meaning 'to mirror' or 'to reflect' something. |
| Portuguese (Portugal, Brazil) | The verb "refletir" in Portuguese originally meant "to bend back" or "to fold back", akin to "reflect" in English. |
| Punjabi | The word "ਝਲਕ" also means "to glance" or "to get a glimpse of something" in Punjabi. |
| Romanian | Similar to in English, "reflectaţi" may also refer to considering or pondering something. |
| Russian | The Russian word “отражать” has an additional meaning of “to fend off”, “to repel”, or “to deflect” (e.g., a blow or attack). |
| Samoan | "Manatunatu" can also mean "to think", "to consider", "to meditate", "to contemplate", "to ponder", or "to deliberate" |
| Scots Gaelic | The word "meòrachadh" in Scots Gaelic also means "to consider" or "to contemplate". |
| Serbian | The word "одразити" (reflect) in Serbian also means "to bounce off," "to cast a reflection," or "to react to something." |
| Sesotho | The word 'bonahatsa' also means 'to consider' or 'to think carefully' in Sesotho. |
| Shona | The verb "kuratidza" can also mean to 'explain' or 'interpret' in Shona. |
| Slovak | "Odrážať" also means "beat" when used in the context of music. |
| Slovenian | The word 'odražajo' derives from 'o' and 'dražajo', sharing its root with 'drag' (dear) and meaning 'making dear'. |
| Somali | The word "milicso" is derived from the Proto-Somali verb *milic-, meaning "to turn back, to return". |
| Spanish | The verb "reflejar" in Spanish also means to "show" or "express" in a more abstract sense. |
| Sundanese | The word "ngeunteung" is derived from the Proto-Austronesian word "*ŋuŋu", meaning "thought" or "idea". |
| Swahili | Tafakari can also mean 'to philosophize' or 'to meditate'. |
| Swedish | In Swedish, "reflektera" can also refer to a type of spotlight used on film sets or in photography. |
| Tagalog (Filipino) | The word "sumasalamin" (reflect) in Tagalog can also refer to the act of looking in a mirror. |
| Tajik | The word comes from Arabic انعکاس (ʼinʿikās). |
| Thai | สะท้อน can also mean "to think back" or "to consider." |
| Turkish | "Yansıtmak" can also mean "to think about carefully" |
| Ukrainian | The Ukrainian verb "відображати" originally meant "to turn" or "to rotate" and only later acquired the meaning of "to reflect".} |
| Uzbek | The Uzbek word "aks ettirish" also means to make someone realize their mistakes or shortcomings. |
| Vietnamese | Phản chiếu, pronounced [pʰǎn tɕiəʊ̯ˀ], also means 'to betray' or 'to oppose' in Vietnamese. |
| Welsh | The Middle Welsh word 'adlewyrchu' (reflect) is derived from the Old Welsh verb 'adlewyrgryd' (cast back rays). However, unlike 'adlewyrchu', the latter referred to the return of physical beams of light rather than the metaphorical projection of light onto something. |
| Xhosa | "Bonakalisa" also refers to a mirror. |
| Yiddish | The word "פאַרטראַכטן" can also mean "to be thoughtful" or "to be preoccupied with thought." |
| Yoruba | The word afihan can also mean to cast a spell or to work magic. |
| Zulu | In Zulu, the word "bonisa" originates from the root "bona" meaning "see," and is used in the context of reflecting light or water. |
| English | The verb 'reflect' also refers to thinking deeply or carefully about something. |