Reference in Different Languages
Discover 'Reference' in 134 Languages: Dive into Translations, Hear Pronunciations, and Uncover Cultural Insights.
Reference
Afrikaans verwysing | ||
Albanian referencë | ||
Amharic ማጣቀሻ | ||
Arabic مرجع | ||
Armenian տեղեկանք | ||
Assamese সন্দৰ্ভ | ||
Aymara yaqha | ||
Azerbaijani istinad | ||
Bambara tàyɔrɔ | ||
Basque erreferentzia | ||
Belarusian спасылка | ||
Bengali রেফারেন্স | ||
Bhojpuri सिफारिश | ||
Bosnian referenca | ||
Bulgarian справка | ||
Catalan referència | ||
Cebuano pakisayran | ||
Chinese (Simplified) 参考 | ||
Chinese (Traditional) 參考 | ||
Corsican riferenza | ||
Croatian referenca | ||
Czech odkaz | ||
Danish reference | ||
Dhivehi ރިފަރަންސް | ||
Dogri हवाला | ||
Dutch referentie | ||
English reference | ||
Esperanto referenco | ||
Estonian viide | ||
Ewe ɖeɖe fiã | ||
Filipino (Tagalog) sanggunian | ||
Finnish viite | ||
French référence | ||
Frisian referinsje | ||
Galician referencia | ||
Georgian მითითება | ||
German referenz | ||
Greek αναφορά | ||
Guarani kuaukarã | ||
Gujarati સંદર્ભ | ||
Haitian Creole referans | ||
Hausa tunani | ||
Hawaiian kūmole | ||
Hebrew התייחסות | ||
Hindi संदर्भ | ||
Hmong suav siv | ||
Hungarian referencia | ||
Icelandic tilvísun | ||
Igbo nkọwa | ||
Ilocano reperensia | ||
Indonesian referensi | ||
Irish tagairt | ||
Italian riferimento | ||
Japanese 参照 | ||
Javanese referensi | ||
Kannada ಉಲ್ಲೇಖ | ||
Kazakh анықтама | ||
Khmer យោង | ||
Kinyarwanda indanganturo | ||
Konkani संदर्भ | ||
Korean 참고 | ||
Krio tɔk bɔt | ||
Kurdish balkêşî | ||
Kurdish (Sorani) سەرچاوە | ||
Kyrgyz маалымдама | ||
Lao ກະສານອ້າງອີງ | ||
Latin reference | ||
Latvian atsauce | ||
Lingala referansi | ||
Lithuanian nuoroda | ||
Luganda okwebuuza ewalala | ||
Luxembourgish referenz | ||
Macedonian референца | ||
Maithili संदर्भ | ||
Malagasy reference | ||
Malay rujukan | ||
Malayalam റഫറൻസ് | ||
Maltese referenza | ||
Maori tohutoro | ||
Marathi संदर्भ | ||
Meiteilon (Manipuri) ꯆꯥꯡꯗꯝꯅꯕ | ||
Mizo kawhhmuh | ||
Mongolian лавлагаа | ||
Myanmar (Burmese) အကိုးအကား | ||
Nepali सन्दर्भ | ||
Norwegian henvisning | ||
Nyanja (Chichewa) cholozera | ||
Odia (Oriya) ସନ୍ଦର୍ଭ | ||
Oromo wabeeffannaa | ||
Pashto حواله | ||
Persian مرجع | ||
Polish odniesienie | ||
Portuguese (Portugal, Brazil) referência | ||
Punjabi ਹਵਾਲਾ | ||
Quechua willakuy | ||
Romanian referinţă | ||
Russian справка | ||
Samoan faasinomaga | ||
Sanskrit सन्दर्भः | ||
Scots Gaelic iomradh | ||
Sepedi tšhupetšo | ||
Serbian референца | ||
Sesotho tshupiso | ||
Shona chirevo | ||
Sindhi حوالو | ||
Sinhala (Sinhalese) යොමුව | ||
Slovak odkaz | ||
Slovenian sklic | ||
Somali tixraac | ||
Spanish referencia | ||
Sundanese rujukan | ||
Swahili kumbukumbu | ||
Swedish referens | ||
Tagalog (Filipino) sanggunian | ||
Tajik маълумотнома | ||
Tamil குறிப்பு | ||
Tatar сылтама | ||
Telugu సూచన | ||
Thai เอกสารอ้างอิง | ||
Tigrinya መጣቀሲ | ||
Tsonga rheferense | ||
Turkish referans | ||
Turkmen salgylanma | ||
Twi (Akan) mmoa nwoma | ||
Ukrainian посилання | ||
Urdu حوالہ | ||
Uyghur پايدىلىنىش ماتېرىيالى | ||
Uzbek ma'lumotnoma | ||
Vietnamese tài liệu tham khảo | ||
Welsh cyfeirnod | ||
Xhosa isalathiso | ||
Yiddish רעפֿערענץ | ||
Yoruba itọkasi | ||
Zulu inkomba |
Etymology & Notes
| Language | Etymology / Notes |
|---|---|
| Afrikaans | "Verwysing" originated from the Dutch word "verwijzing", meaning "reference" or "referral." |
| Albanian | The Albanian word "referencë" is derived from the Latin word "referentia", meaning "a carrying back" or "a relating to". |
| Amharic | In addition to its primary meaning, ማጣቀሻ can also refer to a citation or annotation in a text. |
| Arabic | In Persian, the term "marja" refers to a religious authority or source of emulation, while in Arabic it means "a place or person referred to for information or evidence." |
| Azerbaijani | In Azerbaijani, "istinad" (reference) has cognates in Turkish ("istinad") and Arabic ("isti'nad"), sharing the meaning of reliance or support. |
| Basque | The word ərreferentzia derives from ərre (path) + adierazi (to express), i.e. "a way of indicating, referring, guiding." |
| Belarusian | The word "спасылка" in Belarusian can also mean "connection", "link", or "attachment". |
| Bengali | The Bengali word "রেফারেন্স" originally meant "to send back", but now it also means "a person or thing that can provide information". |
| Bosnian | Bosnian word 'referenca' can also mean an 'inference'. |
| Bulgarian | "Справка" also means a document confirming the authenticity of facts, such as a doctor's note. |
| Catalan | In Catalan, "referència" can also mean "certificate" or "recommendation", depending on the context. |
| Cebuano | The word pakisayran derives from the root word kisay which means 'to tell' or 'to convey', and it connotes a sense of guidance or direction. |
| Chinese (Simplified) | The character 参 ('to consult') in 参考 originated from two people looking over a ritual object. |
| Chinese (Traditional) | The Chinese character "參" in "參考" can also mean "to engage with" or "to consult". |
| Corsican | Corsican's "riferenza" is derived from the Italian "referenza", which in turn derives from the Latin "referentia" meaning "information provided or evidence offered". |
| Croatian | In Croatian, "referenca" also means "a recommendation letter." |
| Czech | The word "odkaz" in Czech also means "legacy" or "bequest". |
| Danish | In Danish, the word "reference" can also refer to a person who provides information about someone else. |
| Dutch | Referentie is derived from the Latin word referens, meaning 'to bear back', and can also refer to a certificate or testimonial, or a person who gives such a document |
| Esperanto | The word "referenco" in Esperanto is derived from the Latin word "referre," meaning "to bring back" or "to report." |
| Estonian | In the 19th century, "viide" was also a measure of dry grain, and is related to the word for "grain" "viid". |
| Finnish | "Viite" also means "line" or "row" in the sense of a column or row in a table or a line in a text. |
| French | The French word "référence" can also mean "testimonial" or "example". |
| Frisian | Referinsje is derived from Latin 'referre' ('to bring back again') from 're-' ('again') and 'ferre' ('to carry/bring') |
| Galician | The word "referencia" derives from Latin, and can mean either "reference" in the sense of something used to consult, or "report". |
| German | Referenz can also mean 'proof' or 'testimony' in German. |
| Greek | The word "αναφορά" (reference) can also mean "report" or "memorial" in Greek. |
| Gujarati | સંદર્ભ is derived from Sanskrit and literally means, 'to bring together (sam) knowledge (dharbha)'. |
| Haitian Creole | The French word "référence" has been Haitianized into "referans", but in Haitian Creole it usually refers to a personal recommendation. |
| Hausa | "Tunani" can also mean "proof" or "evidence" in Hausa. |
| Hawaiian | In addition to being a reference, the word "kūmole" also means a "model" or "example." |
| Hebrew | The Hebrew word 'התייחסות' ('reference') can also mean 'consideration' or 'treatment', reflecting its root in the verb 'התייחס' ('to relate' or 'to connect'). |
| Hindi | The word 'संदर्भ' originates from the Sanskrit word 'संदृश्', meaning 'to see' or 'to know'. |
| Hmong | The word "suav siv" in Hmong also means "to be in a state of contentment or satisfaction". |
| Hungarian | The word "referencia" in Hungarian originates from the Latin word "referre", meaning "to bring back" or "to relate". |
| Icelandic | In Icelandic, 'tilvísun' can also refer to a 'recommendation' or 'nomination' instead of just a reference. |
| Igbo | The Igbo word "nkọwa" can also mean "explanation" or "interpretation." |
| Indonesian | The word "referensi" in Indonesian comes from the Dutch word "referentie" which means "evidence" or "proof". |
| Irish | The word “tagairt” in Irish can also mean “consecration” and comes from an early Irish word for “gift”. |
| Italian | The Italian word "riferimento" can also refer to a connection or relationship. |
| Japanese | The word '参照' also means 'to refer to' or 'to consult'. It is often used in the context of academic research or legal documents. |
| Javanese | In Javanese, the word "referensi" also refers to a "source or origin" or a "clue or pointer". |
| Kannada | The word "ಉಲ್ಲೇಖ" (reference) can also mean "mention", "citation", or "quotation" in Kannada. |
| Kazakh | The Kazakh word "анықтама" could be derived from the Arabic word "عنق" (meaning "neck"), as in the ancient Arabic books, the reference was written in the margins of the manuscript, and the neck of the manuscript was the most suitable place for placing such notes. |
| Khmer | In addition to its meaning as "reference", "យោង" can also mean "quotation" or "citation". |
| Korean | The word "참고" (reference) in Korean can also mean "note" or "remark". |
| Kurdish | In Persian, “bālkæsh” means a pillow on which a divan is placed. |
| Kyrgyz | No other forms or meanings of the Kyrgyz word “маалымдама” reference have been found. |
| Latin | Reference in Latin also means "restoration" or "restitution", as in the process of returning something to its original state. |
| Latvian | Atsauce, an archaic spelling of atsauce, derives from the French word "référence," meaning "mention," and has been used since the 17th century. |
| Lithuanian | The word "nuoroda" in Lithuanian can also mean "link" or "connection". |
| Luxembourgish | In Luxembourgish, "Referenz" can also refer to a certificate or diploma. |
| Macedonian | The word "референца" can also mean "intercession" or "support" in Macedonian. |
| Malagasy | The Malagasy word "reference" can also mean "example" or "model". |
| Malay | The word 'rujukan' has Javanese roots and also means 'to consult' or 'to seek advice' |
| Malayalam | In Malayalam, റഫറൻസ് (reference) has alternate meanings such as 'address' and 'support'. |
| Maltese | The word 'referenza' in Maltese can also mean 'testimonial', 'character reference', 'recommendation', or 'endorsement'. |
| Maori | The Maori word "tohutoro" comes from "tohu", meaning "mark" or "sign", and "toro", meaning "to follow" or "to seek out". |
| Marathi | In Marathi, the word "संदर्भ" also means "context" or "connection". |
| Mongolian | In Classical Mongolian, the word лавла́гаа referred to "an example" or "an object to which an action refers". |
| Myanmar (Burmese) | The word "အကိုးအကား" can also mean "evidence or proof", and is related to the Pali word "upākaraṇa" which means "means, implement, or tool". |
| Nepali | The word “सन्दर्भ” comes from the Sanskrit word “sam-prakrash” which means “to shine together” or “to illuminate together” and can also mean “context” or a “frame of reference”. |
| Norwegian | In Swedish, 'henvisning' means 'allusion' and can be used to discuss something that is hinted at or suggested indirectly within a piece of writing or artwork. |
| Nyanja (Chichewa) | The word "cholozera" can also mean "a piece of evidence" or "a witness". |
| Pashto | The Pashto word "حواله" can also refer to an informal agreement, an instruction, or a remittance. |
| Persian | The word "مرجع" is also used to refer to a reputable person who is consulted for their knowledge or expertise. |
| Polish | "Odniesienie" is thought to derive from two Polish words: "odnosić" and "się", meaning "to relate" and " oneself" or "itself," respectively. |
| Portuguese (Portugal, Brazil) | "Referência" can also mean "source" or "citation", originating from the Latin "referens" (reporting). |
| Punjabi | The word 'ਹਵਾਲਾ' in Punjabi can also mean 'payment through an intermediary' or 'transfer of money through an informal financial network'. |
| Romanian | The Romanian word "referinţă" can also mean "testimonial" or "character reference". |
| Russian | The Russian word 'Справка' can also refer to a certificate or official document. |
| Samoan | 'Fa'a' is the causative prefix, '-sino' is a causative, and '-maga' is a verb that means to say or speak. |
| Scots Gaelic | Scots Gaelic "iomradh" originates from Proto-Indo-European "*rem-o" meaning "oar" and hence "to row, to steer". |
| Serbian | The word "референца" (refenca) in Serbian can also refer to a person's credentials or a person who can vouch for someone's character or abilities. |
| Sesotho | The Sesotho word 'tshupiso' also means 'a guide', 'an introduction' and 'documentation'. |
| Shona | The word, chirevo, also means advice or instruction on how to do something |
| Sindhi | The Sindhi word "حوالو" "reference" is derived from the Arabic word "حويلة" "transfer" or "referral". |
| Slovak | In Polish, "odkaz" can also mean "will" or "testament". |
| Slovenian | The Slovenian word "sklic" is derived from the Proto-Slavic word "sъ-klan-ь-ti" meaning "to call together". |
| Somali | Tixraac can also mean the act of referring to an earlier statement or event. |
| Spanish | The Spanish word "referencia" is an alternate form of the Portuguese word "referência" and comes from Latin "referens, referentis". |
| Sundanese | In Sundanese, "rujukan" also means "hint" or "clue". |
| Swahili | In Swahili, 'kumbukumbu' also means 'monument' or 'memorial'. |
| Swedish | In the Swedish language, 'referens' also means 'character reference' or 'source of information'. |
| Tagalog (Filipino) | The word "sanggunian" is derived from the Spanish word "sancion", which means "sanction" or "law". |
| Tamil | The Tamil word 'குறிப்பு' can also mean 'clue', 'hint', 'suggestion', or 'indication'. |
| Telugu | The word "సూచన" ("reference") in Telugu also means "instruction" or "hint". |
| Thai | The word "เอกสารอ้างอิง" (reference) in Thai can also mean "source" or "citation." |
| Turkish | Referans means also a 'person to whom a request has been made for assistance' in Turkish. |
| Ukrainian | The word посилання also means "link" in Ukrainian. |
| Urdu | The word "حوالہ" "reference" is derived from the Arabic word "حرف" "letter". |
| Uzbek | The word "ma'lumotnoma" can also refer to a "source of information" or a "book of knowledge". |
| Vietnamese | Tài liệu tham khảo may have originated from the phrase "tài liệu để tham khảo," which means "materials to be referred to." |
| Welsh | This word (cyfeirnod) may ultimately come from the Proto-Celtic root |
| Xhosa | The word "isalathiso" also means "explanation" or "interpretation" in Xhosa. |
| Yiddish | The Yiddish word "רעפֿערענץ" could also mean "opinion" or "recommendation". |
| Yoruba | Historically, the word "itọkasi" signified "a pointing stick" before extending to its current literary and abstract uses. |
| Zulu | In Zulu, 'inkomba' derives from the verb 'komba', meaning 'to pick up', and refers to a point of reference or a target. |
| English | Derived from Latin "referre", "reference" can also mean "to send back" or "to attribute to a source."} |