Afrikaans aanbeveling | ||
Albanian rekomandim | ||
Amharic ምክር | ||
Arabic توصية | ||
Armenian առաջարկություն | ||
Assamese পৰামৰ্শ | ||
Aymara iwxt’awinaka | ||
Azerbaijani tövsiyə | ||
Bambara ladilikan dicogo | ||
Basque gomendio | ||
Belarusian рэкамендацыя | ||
Bengali সুপারিশ | ||
Bhojpuri सिफारिश कइले बानी | ||
Bosnian preporuka | ||
Bulgarian препоръка | ||
Catalan recomanació | ||
Cebuano rekomendasyon | ||
Chinese (Simplified) 建议 | ||
Chinese (Traditional) 建議 | ||
Corsican raccomandazione | ||
Croatian preporuka | ||
Czech doporučení | ||
Danish henstilling | ||
Dhivehi ރެކޮމެންޑޭޝަން | ||
Dogri सिफारिश कीती ऐ | ||
Dutch aanbeveling | ||
English recommendation | ||
Esperanto rekomendo | ||
Estonian soovitus | ||
Ewe kafukafunya | ||
Filipino (Tagalog) rekomendasyon | ||
Finnish suositus | ||
French recommandation | ||
Frisian oanbefelling | ||
Galician recomendación | ||
Georgian რეკომენდაცია | ||
German empfehlung | ||
Greek σύσταση | ||
Guarani recomendación rehegua | ||
Gujarati ભલામણ | ||
Haitian Creole rekòmandasyon | ||
Hausa shawarwarin | ||
Hawaiian ʻōlelo paipai | ||
Hebrew המלצה | ||
Hindi सिफ़ारिश करना | ||
Hmong kev pom zoo | ||
Hungarian ajánlást | ||
Icelandic meðmæli | ||
Igbo nkwanye | ||
Ilocano rekomendasion | ||
Indonesian rekomendasi | ||
Irish moladh | ||
Italian raccomandazione | ||
Japanese 勧告 | ||
Javanese rekomendasi | ||
Kannada ಶಿಫಾರಸು | ||
Kazakh ұсыныс | ||
Khmer អនុសាសន៍ | ||
Kinyarwanda icyifuzo | ||
Konkani शिफारस केल्या | ||
Korean 추천 | ||
Krio rɛkɛmɔndeshɔn | ||
Kurdish pêşnîyar | ||
Kurdish (Sorani) پێشنیار | ||
Kyrgyz сунуш | ||
Lao ຄຳ ແນະ ນຳ | ||
Latin commendaticiis | ||
Latvian ieteikums | ||
Lingala toli ya kopesa toli | ||
Lithuanian rekomendacija | ||
Luganda okuteesa | ||
Luxembourgish empfehlung | ||
Macedonian препорака | ||
Maithili अनुशंसा | ||
Malagasy fangatahana | ||
Malay cadangan | ||
Malayalam ശുപാർശ | ||
Maltese rakkomandazzjoni | ||
Maori taunakitanga | ||
Marathi शिफारस | ||
Meiteilon (Manipuri) ꯔꯤꯀꯃꯦꯟꯗꯦꯁꯟ ꯄꯤꯈꯤ꯫ | ||
Mizo rawtna siam a ni | ||
Mongolian зөвлөмж | ||
Myanmar (Burmese) ထောက်ခံချက် | ||
Nepali सिफारिस | ||
Norwegian anbefaling | ||
Nyanja (Chichewa) ndondomeko | ||
Odia (Oriya) ସୁପାରିଶ | ||
Oromo yaada kennuu | ||
Pashto سپارښتنه | ||
Persian توصیه | ||
Polish rekomendacje | ||
Portuguese (Portugal, Brazil) recomendação | ||
Punjabi ਸਿਫਾਰਸ਼ | ||
Quechua yuyaychakuy | ||
Romanian recomandare | ||
Russian рекомендация | ||
Samoan fautuaga | ||
Sanskrit अनुशंसनम् | ||
Scots Gaelic moladh | ||
Sepedi kgothaletšo | ||
Serbian препорука | ||
Sesotho khothaletso | ||
Shona kurudziro | ||
Sindhi سفارش | ||
Sinhala (Sinhalese) නිර්දේශය | ||
Slovak odporúčanie | ||
Slovenian priporočilo | ||
Somali talo soo jeedin | ||
Spanish recomendación | ||
Sundanese rekomendasi | ||
Swahili pendekezo | ||
Swedish rekommendation | ||
Tagalog (Filipino) rekomendasyon | ||
Tajik тавсия | ||
Tamil பரிந்துரை | ||
Tatar рекомендация | ||
Telugu సిఫార్సు | ||
Thai คำแนะนำ | ||
Tigrinya ዝብል ለበዋ | ||
Tsonga xitsundzuxo | ||
Turkish öneri | ||
Turkmen maslahat | ||
Twi (Akan) nyansahyɛ a wɔde ma | ||
Ukrainian рекомендація | ||
Urdu سفارش | ||
Uyghur تەۋسىيە | ||
Uzbek tavsiya | ||
Vietnamese sự giới thiệu | ||
Welsh argymhelliad | ||
Xhosa ingcebiso | ||
Yiddish רעקאָמענדאַציע | ||
Yoruba iṣeduro | ||
Zulu isincomo |
| Language | Etymology / Notes |
|---|---|
| Afrikaans | The Afrikaans word "aanbeveling" is derived from the Dutch "aanbeveling", which has the same meaning and also refers to a "proposal" or "advice". |
| Albanian | "Rekomand" comes from French "recommander" and ultimately goes back to Latin "commandare" (entrust). |
| Amharic | The word ምክር (recommendation) is derived from the Semitic root "*mkw," meaning "to advise" or "to give counsel," and it is related to the Arabic word "makr" (cunning, scheme). |
| Arabic | "توصية" can also refer to a will or a testament, deriving from its root "وصى" (waṣa) meaning "to bequeath". |
| Azerbaijani | The Azerbaijani word "tövsiyə" comes from the Arabic "tawsiya", which means "advice" or "suggestion". |
| Basque | In the dialect of Arratia-Nerbioi, the word gomendio refers to the act of giving advice or instruction, rather than simply making a recommendation. |
| Belarusian | "Рэкамендацыя" is a Belarusian word meaning "recommendation". It is derived from the Latin word "recommendare", which means "to commend". In Belarusian, "рэкамендацыя" can also mean "advice" or "instruction." |
| Bengali | The word "সুপারিশ" is derived from two Sanskrit words: "सु" (su), meaning "good", and "परिष" (parish), meaning "to send around". The word thus originally meant "something that is sent around as good". |
| Bosnian | "Preporuka" can also mean "intercession" or "prayer" in Bosnian. |
| Bulgarian | The word "препоръка" is derived from the Old Church Slavonic word "препоръчитьи", meaning "to hand over". It can also mean "advice", "suggestion", or "support". |
| Catalan | The word "recomanació" derives from the Latin word "recommendare", meaning "to entrust". |
| Cebuano | In Cebuano, "rekomendasyon" also refers to "guaranteeing" or "standing surety" for someone. |
| Chinese (Simplified) | 建议 can also mean to suggest, propose, or advise. |
| Chinese (Traditional) | 建議 is also used as a verb meaning "to suggest" or "to propose". |
| Corsican | Corsican "raccomandazione" originally derives from Latin "recommendare", "to entrust, to put into someone's care" |
| Croatian | The word "preporuka" also has the meaning of "introduction", as in the phrase "pismom preporuke" (letter of introduction). |
| Czech | The word "doporučení" is derived from the verb "doporučit", which means "to commend" or "to advise". |
| Danish | The word 'henstilling' has multiple meanings, such as 'request' and 'suggestion', and is primarily used in formal and legal contexts. |
| Dutch | "Aanbeveling" (recommendation) is derived from the Middle Dutch "bevelen" (to command) and "aan" (to). |
| Esperanto | It derives from "rekomend', which in turn comes from the Latin verb "recommendare", meaning to suggest, commend, present or offer. |
| Estonian | The Estonian word "soovitus" can also mean "wish" or "desire". |
| Finnish | The word 'suositus' also means 'tinder' and refers to the role of a matchmaker who brings people together. |
| French | In French, "recommandation" can also mean "commandment" or "order". |
| Frisian | The word "oanbefelling" literally means "on before falling" and is used as a euphemism for the recommendation of a successor to a position. |
| Galician | In Galician, "recomendación" also means "warning", as in "a recomendación de evitar el agua" (a warning to avoid water). |
| Georgian | The Georgian word "რეკომენდაცია" can also refer to a "testimony" or "reference letter" written by someone who personally knows the subject, attesting to their character or professional skills. |
| German | "Empfehlen" can also mean "to suggest," and "Empfehlung" can refer to a dish suggested by the waiter. |
| Greek | "Σύσταση" comes from the Ancient Greek verb "συνίστημι," meaning "to introduce, recommend, or advise." |
| Gujarati | The word "ભલામણ" also means "blessing" or "praying for someone's well-being". |
| Haitian Creole | The word "rekòmandasyon" is derived from the French word "recommandation" and shares the same meaning in Haitian Creole. |
| Hausa | Shawarwarin also refers to the process of making recommendations and can be used as a verb meaning "to recommend" or "to advise." |
| Hawaiian | 'Ōlelo paipai' literally means 'speaking out' or 'encouraging words' in Hawaiian. |
| Hebrew | The Hebrew word "המלצה" means "recommendation", but is also the title of a letter of introduction for an individual seeking a job. |
| Hindi | In Hindi, "सिफ़ारिश करना" can also mean "to suggest" or "to introduce". |
| Hmong | Kev pom zoo can also mean "advice" or "suggestion" in Hmong. |
| Hungarian | The word "ajánlást" in Hungarian can also refer to a testimonial or an endorsement. |
| Icelandic | The Old Norse cognate of the word |
| Igbo | The Igbo word "nkwanye" also refers to a form of traditional Igbo music and masquerade performances. |
| Indonesian | The Indonesian word "rekomendasi" derives from the Portuguese word "recomendação", meaning "advice" or "instruction." |
| Irish | The word "moladh" (recommendation) comes from the Old Irish word "molad" (praise), which in turn comes from the Proto-Indo-European root "*mel-" (to praise or speak well of). |
| Italian | The Italian word "raccomandazione" can also mean "bribery" or "nepotism", depending on the context. |
| Japanese | The term derives from the Buddhist practice of recommending good conduct, such as abstinence from alcohol, to laypeople. |
| Javanese | The Javanese word 'rekomendasi' also means 'advice', 'suggestion', or 'command'. |
| Kannada | The word “ಶಿಫಾರಸು” can also mean 'advice' or 'suggestion' in Kannada. |
| Kazakh | The word "ұсыныс" can also mean "proposal" or "offer" in Kazakh. |
| Khmer | The word អនុសាសន៍ is derived from Sanskrit 'anuśāsanā' meaning "command, injunction", hence its alternate interpretations of "doctrine" and "advice" as instructions from an authoritative figure. |
| Korean | 추천 is also used in the context of traditional Korean medicine, where it refers to the process of selecting and blending herbs for a specific ailment. |
| Kurdish | The word "pêşnîyar" may be derived from the Persian word "pîşnهاد" with the same meaning. |
| Kyrgyz | Сунуш is derived from the verb “сун-” meaning “to offer, to present, to give.” |
| Latin | Commendaticiis is derived from 'commendatio, -onis', meaning approval, entrustment, or a recommendation to the favour of another, and from 'commendare', meaning entrust, recommend, or give in charge. |
| Latvian | The word "ieteikums" is derived from the Latvian verb "ieteikt," meaning "to recommend" or "to suggest." |
| Lithuanian | The word "rekomendacija" comes from the Latin word "recommendare", meaning "to commend to another's favor." |
| Luxembourgish | The word "Empfehlung" is derived from the Old High German "empfehan", meaning "to receive" or "to take something in your hands." |
| Macedonian | The word "препорака" (recommendation) is derived from the Slavic root *porokъ*, meaning "threshold" or "gate", suggesting its original meaning as "something that opens the way". |
| Malagasy | The word "fangatahana" originates from the root word "fangataha," which means "to request" or "to ask for." |
| Malay | The word "cadangan" also means "reserve" or "proposal" in Malay. |
| Malayalam | "ശുപാർശ" is a Malayalam word derived from the Prakrit "suppavasana" meaning "praise". In modern usage, it also has the meaning of "recommendation." |
| Maltese | The Maltese word "rakkomandazzjoni" ultimately derives from the Latin verb "recommendare," meaning "to commit, entrust." |
| Maori | Taunakitanga is the Maori word for 'recommendation'. It can also refer to a 'sign' or 'omen', reflecting the traditional Maori beliefs in the interconnectedness of all things. |
| Marathi | The word "शिफारस" in Marathi comes from the Persian word "sifaarish", meaning "commendation" or "approval." |
| Mongolian | The Mongolian word "зөвлөмж" can also be used to describe a proposal, suggestion, or advice. |
| Nepali | The word "सिफारिस" is derived from the Sanskrit words "सिष्" meaning "wish" or "desire" and "ऋष" meaning "seer" or "sage", implying a revered or wise person's expression of a wish or desire. |
| Norwegian | The word 'anbefaling' originally meant 'a letter of introduction' or 'a reference'. |
| Nyanja (Chichewa) | This word's origin is onomatopoeic, stemming from the sound of a mortar's pestle as it pounds food. |
| Pashto | The word "سپارښتنه" can also refer to a "proposal" or "suggestion". |
| Persian | توصیه also means "prescription" or "instruction" in Persian. |
| Polish | The word "rekomendacje" can also refer to a letter of recommendation or a testimonial. |
| Portuguese (Portugal, Brazil) | The Portuguese word "recomendação" derives from the Latin "recommendatio," meaning "an act of commending or recommending." |
| Romanian | The Romanian word "recomandare" can also mean "prescription" or "order" in a medical context, reflecting its Latin origin ("recommendo") suggesting "entrusting" or "commending". |
| Russian | The word рекомендация ("recommendation") in Russian also has meanings of reference, endorsement or advice. |
| Samoan | The Samoan word "fautuaga" also means "testimony" or "apology". |
| Scots Gaelic | The Gaelic word 'moladh' can also mean 'praise' or 'commendation'. |
| Serbian | The word "preporuka" can also refer to a religious dispensation, a guarantee, or an assurance |
| Sesotho | In some contexts, 'khothaletso' can also refer to a dowry or a blessing. |
| Shona | The word "kurudziro" can also mean "guidance" or "advice". |
| Sindhi | In Sindhi, سفارش means both "recommendation" and "order", reflecting its usage in both a persuasive and imperative sense. |
| Sinhala (Sinhalese) | නිර්දේශය (pronounced neer-day-shaya), is derived from Sanskrit and refers to an official order or instruction; it can also mean an example, an indication, or advice. |
| Slovak | Oddporúčanie can also mean a 'recoil' or 'kicking back' in Slovak, as in the recoil of a gun or the backlash of a system. |
| Slovenian | The word 'priporočilo' in Slovenian also means 'sponsorship' and derives from the verb 'poročiti' ('to marry'), implying the act of 'giving away' or 'entrusting' someone to another. |
| Somali | Talo soo jeedin means both "recommendation" and "advice" in Somali. |
| Spanish | The Spanish term "recomendación" also means "suggestion" or "advice". |
| Sundanese | The Sundanese word "rekomendasi" is derived from the Javanese word "rekomendasi", which itself is derived from the Indonesian word "rekomendasi". |
| Swahili | The Swahili word "pendekezo" can also mean "suggestion" or "proposal" in English. |
| Swedish | The word "rekommendation" comes from the Latin "recommendo," meaning "to commend" or "to entrust." |
| Tagalog (Filipino) | The word 'rekomendasyon' comes from the Spanish word 'recomendación', which also means 'recommendation'. |
| Tajik | The word "тавсия" is derived from the Persian word "tavsiye" and is used in a variety of contexts, including medical advice, religious guidance, and recommendations for behavior. |
| Tamil | Although பரிந்துரை ( recommendation) literally means 'speaking with affection', it is a colloquial idiom that is mostly used in the context of a person vouching for the character, suitability, or competence of another person. |
| Telugu | The term "సిఫార్సు" originates from the Sanskrit word "सिफ़ारिश" (sifarish), meaning "commendation" or "support." |
| Thai | "คำแนะนำ" (recommendation) shares the same root "นำ" (to lead) with other words like "คำนำ" (preface) or "คำนำหน้า" (salutation) |
| Turkish | The Turkish word "öneri" originates from the Arabic word "nahr", meaning "river", and is also used to mean "proposal" or "suggestion" in Turkish. |
| Ukrainian | The Ukrainian word "рекомендація" derives from the Latin word "recommendare," meaning "to commend" or "entrust". |
| Urdu | The word "سفارش" is an Arabic loanword, and also means an "instruction" or "request" to make or obtain something |
| Uzbek | The word "tavsiya" also means "introduction" or "reference" in Uzbek. |
| Vietnamese | "Sự giới thiệu" in Vietnamese can also refer to "an introduction" or "a reference". |
| Welsh | The word "argymhelliad" can also mean "introduction". |
| Xhosa | The word "ingcebiso" in Xhosa is derived from the verb "ukucebisa," meaning "to advise" or "to counsel." |
| Yiddish | The word "רעקאָמענדאַציע" (recommendation) in Yiddish is based on the French word "recommandation". |
| Yoruba | The term 'iṣeduro' in Yoruba also means 'the process of making someone a chief,' 'the act of being crowned a chief,' 'the act of honoring someone,' and 'the act of blessing someone. |
| Zulu | The word "isincomo" in Zulu shares the same root as "ukukombela," meaning "to ask for something," highlighting its reciprocal nature. |
| English | The word 'recommendation' comes from Latin 'recommendare' meaning to entrust or commit. |