Punishment in Different Languages
Discover 'Punishment' in 134 Languages: Dive into Translations, Hear Pronunciations, and Uncover Cultural Insights.
Punishment
Afrikaans straf | ||
Albanian dënimi | ||
Amharic ቅጣት | ||
Arabic عقاب | ||
Armenian պատիժ | ||
Assamese শাস্তি | ||
Aymara mutuyaña | ||
Azerbaijani cəza | ||
Bambara ɲangili | ||
Basque zigorra | ||
Belarusian пакаранне | ||
Bengali শাস্তি | ||
Bhojpuri सजा के सजा दिहल जाला | ||
Bosnian kazna | ||
Bulgarian наказание | ||
Catalan càstig | ||
Cebuano silot | ||
Chinese (Simplified) 惩罚 | ||
Chinese (Traditional) 懲罰 | ||
Corsican castigu | ||
Croatian kazna | ||
Czech trest | ||
Danish straf | ||
Dhivehi އަދަބު | ||
Dogri सजा देना | ||
Dutch straf | ||
English punishment | ||
Esperanto puno | ||
Estonian karistus | ||
Ewe tohehe na ame | ||
Filipino (Tagalog) parusa | ||
Finnish rangaistus | ||
French châtiment | ||
Frisian straf | ||
Galician castigo | ||
Georgian სასჯელი | ||
German bestrafung | ||
Greek τιμωρία | ||
Guarani castigo rehegua | ||
Gujarati સજા | ||
Haitian Creole pinisyon | ||
Hausa azaba | ||
Hawaiian hoʻopaʻi | ||
Hebrew עֲנִישָׁה | ||
Hindi सज़ा | ||
Hmong kev rau txim | ||
Hungarian büntetés | ||
Icelandic refsing | ||
Igbo ntaramahụhụ | ||
Ilocano dusa | ||
Indonesian hukuman | ||
Irish pionós | ||
Italian punizione | ||
Japanese 罰 | ||
Javanese ukuman | ||
Kannada ಶಿಕ್ಷೆ | ||
Kazakh жазалау | ||
Khmer ការដាក់ទណ្ឌកម្ម | ||
Kinyarwanda igihano | ||
Konkani ख्यास्त दिवप | ||
Korean 처벌 | ||
Krio pɔnishmɛnt | ||
Kurdish cezakirin | ||
Kurdish (Sorani) سزا | ||
Kyrgyz жазалоо | ||
Lao ການລົງໂທດ | ||
Latin poena | ||
Latvian sods | ||
Lingala kopesa etumbu | ||
Lithuanian bausmė | ||
Luganda ekibonerezo | ||
Luxembourgish bestrofung | ||
Macedonian казна | ||
Maithili सजाय | ||
Malagasy sazy | ||
Malay hukuman | ||
Malayalam ശിക്ഷ | ||
Maltese piena | ||
Maori whiu | ||
Marathi शिक्षा | ||
Meiteilon (Manipuri) ꯆꯩꯔꯥꯛ ꯄꯤꯕꯥ꯫ | ||
Mizo hremna pek a ni | ||
Mongolian шийтгэл | ||
Myanmar (Burmese) ပြစ်ဒဏ် | ||
Nepali सजाय | ||
Norwegian avstraffelse | ||
Nyanja (Chichewa) chilango | ||
Odia (Oriya) ଦଣ୍ଡ | ||
Oromo adabbii | ||
Pashto سزا ورکول | ||
Persian مجازات | ||
Polish kara | ||
Portuguese (Portugal, Brazil) punição | ||
Punjabi ਸਜ਼ਾ | ||
Quechua muchuchiy | ||
Romanian pedeapsă | ||
Russian наказание | ||
Samoan faʻasalaga | ||
Sanskrit दण्डः | ||
Scots Gaelic peanas | ||
Sepedi kotlo | ||
Serbian казна | ||
Sesotho kotlo | ||
Shona chirango | ||
Sindhi سزا | ||
Sinhala (Sinhalese) ද .ුවම් | ||
Slovak trest | ||
Slovenian kazen | ||
Somali ciqaab | ||
Spanish castigo | ||
Sundanese hukuman | ||
Swahili adhabu | ||
Swedish bestraffning | ||
Tagalog (Filipino) parusa | ||
Tajik ҷазо | ||
Tamil தண்டனை | ||
Tatar җәза | ||
Telugu శిక్ష | ||
Thai การลงโทษ | ||
Tigrinya መቕጻዕቲ | ||
Tsonga ku xupuriwa | ||
Turkish ceza | ||
Turkmen jeza | ||
Twi (Akan) asotwe a wɔde ma | ||
Ukrainian покарання | ||
Urdu سزا | ||
Uyghur جازا | ||
Uzbek jazo | ||
Vietnamese sự trừng phạt | ||
Welsh cosb | ||
Xhosa isohlwayo | ||
Yiddish שטראָף | ||
Yoruba ijiya | ||
Zulu isijeziso |
Etymology & Notes
| Language | Etymology / Notes |
|---|---|
| Afrikaans | The word "straf" can also mean "tight" or "rigorous" in Afrikaans, a usage derived from the Dutch word "straf". |
| Albanian | The Albanian word "dënimi" also has a religious connotation, referring to God's judgment or retribution |
| Amharic | The word "ቅጣት" can also mean "justice", highlighting the connection between retribution and fairness in Amharic. |
| Arabic | The word "عقاب" also means "eagle" in Arabic, with the latter meaning potentially originating from the bird's perceived harshness towards its prey. |
| Armenian | The Armenian word "պատիժ" (patizh) can also refer to a "fine", a "penalty", or a "price paid". |
| Azerbaijani | The word "cəza" in Azerbaijani also means "fine" or "penalty". |
| Basque | "Zigorra", meaning "punishment" in Basque, derives from the Latin "jus" (law), signifying a just or deserved retribution. |
| Belarusian | Пакаранне can also mean a 'sentence' given by a court or a 'fine' paid for an offense. |
| Bengali | From Sanskrit "shasti" meaning "instruction, command, discipline, control, chastisement, punishment" and ultimately from the root "śās" meaning "to command, regulate." |
| Bosnian | The word 'kazna' is derived from the Proto-Slavic word 'kaza', which also means 'fate' or 'destiny'. |
| Bulgarian | The word "наказание" is derived from the Old Church Slavonic word "наказати", meaning "to instruct" or "to correct". |
| Catalan | In Catalan, the word "càstig" can also refer to a type of traditional folk music from the Valencian Community. |
| Cebuano | The word "silot" can also refer to a type of fish stew popular in the Visayan region of the Philippines. |
| Chinese (Simplified) | In Chinese, the character "惩罚" can also mean "to punish by law" or "a legal penalty." |
| Chinese (Traditional) | 懲罰 can also mean "to punish oneself" or "to warn others from making the same mistake." |
| Corsican | The word "castigu" in Corsican can also mean "correction" or "rebuke." |
| Croatian | The word “kazna” comes from the Greek word “kolasis,” which means “punishment” or “chastisement.” |
| Czech | The word "trest" in Czech also means "sentence (legal)" and is derived from the Latin word "tribunal". |
| Danish | The word "straf" is derived from the Old Norse word "stráff", which means "severe" or "hard". |
| Dutch | The word "straf" in Dutch also has the archaic meaning of "remedy" or "cure". |
| Esperanto | The word "puno" also means "point" or "period" in Esperanto. |
| Estonian | "Karistus" is possibly a loanword from Northern German via Swedish "karrest" (prison) and means initially "place of detention". |
| Finnish | The word rangaistus is derived from the verb "rangata", meaning "to torment" or "to torture." |
| French | The French word « châtiment » derives from the Latin « castigatio » (correction) |
| Frisian | The word "straf" in Frisian has Germanic roots and is related to the English word "strike". |
| Galician | In Galician, "castigo" can also refer to a type of traditional dance. |
| Georgian | The Georgian word "სასჯელი" (sasjgeli) comes from the Middle Persian word "sahrizn", which means "punisher" |
| German | The word "Bestrafung" derives from the Old High German word "strefon", meaning "to strengthen" or "to discipline". |
| Greek | The ancient Greek word 'τιμωρία' ('timoria') originally meant 'vengeance' or 'retribution', and only later acquired the more general meaning of 'punishment'. |
| Gujarati | "સજા" is rooted in "Su" meaning "well" or "good" and "Jati" meaning "birth" or "origin". It thus refers to the idea of refining something for the greater good. |
| Haitian Creole | The word "pinisyon" is derived from the French word "punition", which also means "punishment". |
| Hausa | The word "azaba" in Hausa also means "hardship" or "suffering" |
| Hawaiian | In Hawaiian, "hoʻopaʻi" can also refer to discipline, suffering, or torment. |
| Hebrew | The Hebrew word for "punishment" ("עֲנִישָׁה") also means "correction" or "discipline" |
| Hindi | The word "सज़ा" (punishment) is derived from the Sanskrit word "सज़ा" (correction) and implies the notion of rectifying or straightening an individual's behaviour. |
| Hmong | The term "kev rau txim" is also used to describe a "penalty" in a legal context. |
| Hungarian | The word "büntetés" also has the alternate meaning of "expiation". |
| Icelandic | The word "refsing" is derived from the Old Norse word "refsa", meaning "to punish or chastise". It can also refer to a penalty or fine imposed for an offense. |
| Igbo | The Igbo word "ntaramahụhụ" also means "a state of being disciplined". |
| Indonesian | The word "hukuman" in Indonesian can also refer to a judicial decision or sentence. |
| Irish | The word "pionós" can also mean "penance" or "satisfaction" in a religious context. |
| Italian | The Italian word for "punishment", "punizione", comes from the Latin word "punire", which means "to purify" or "to make clean". |
| Japanese | 罰 (batsu) can also mean "sin" or "suffering." |
| Javanese | "Ukuman" is also the Javanese word for "measure", and is related to the Sanskrit word "uktha" (verse, rule). |
| Kannada | The Kannada word "ಶಿಕ್ಷೆ" also refers to education and training, as it shares its root with the Sanskrit word "शिष्य" (student). |
| Kazakh | The Kazakh word “жазалау” (“punishment”) derives from the verb “жазу” (“to write”), implying the act of recording or decreeing a penalty. |
| Korean | 처벌 originates from the term '처분', which refers to the act of disposing of someone through punishment. |
| Kurdish | The word "cezakirin" is derived from an Armenian word meaning "to hurt" or "injure." |
| Kyrgyz | "Жазалоо" means "reproach" in Kyrgyz, and also has meanings like "blame", |
| Latin | Poena is the Latin word for punishment or penalty, and its etymology is linked to the verb pensare, meaning to weigh or ponder, suggesting the idea of balancing or paying for a wrong. |
| Latvian | “Sods” originally meant “judgment” and its meaning hasn't changed much today. |
| Lithuanian | "Bausmė" comes from "baudžia", a form of servitude in the former Grand Duchy of Lithuania. |
| Luxembourgish | Bestrofung is derived from the German verb bestrafen, meaning to punish or penalize. |
| Macedonian | The word "казна" in Macedonian is used to describe a punishment or penalty, but it also has the alternate meaning of "the treasury" or "the state budget". |
| Malagasy | In Madagascar, the word "sazy" also means "lesson". |
| Malay | The word "hukuman" can also mean "sentence (as in a court decision)" in Malay. |
| Malayalam | "ശിക്ഷ" is derived from the Sanskrit word "śikṣā", meaning "instruction" or "discipline". |
| Maltese | Maltese "piena" derives from the Arabic "bayn" meaning "separation", as punishment involves being separated from society. |
| Maori | The term 'whiu' in Te Reo Māori can also refer to the act of 'turning something upside down', highlighting the transformative nature of punishment. |
| Marathi | The Marathi word "शिक्षा" originates from the Sanskrit word "शिष्या", meaning teaching or instruction, and has undergone a semantic shift over time. |
| Mongolian | The word "шийтгэл" can also refer to a "taxation" or "fine" in Mongolian. |
| Nepali | The word "सजाय" can also mean “ornament”. |
| Norwegian | The word "avstraffelse" is derived from the Old Norse "afstrá" meaning "to put right" and "straff" meaning "strict". |
| Nyanja (Chichewa) | The word "chilango" also means "a person from Mexico City" in Spanish. |
| Pashto | The Pashto word "سزا ورکول" also means "reward or compensation". |
| Persian | The word "مجازات" also means "reward" in Persian, a meaning that is now used figuratively. |
| Polish | The word "kara" can also mean "penalty" in a legal context. |
| Portuguese (Portugal, Brazil) | The Portuguese word "punição" (punishment) derives from the Latin "punitio" (action of punishing, revenge), related to the root "poen" (pain). |
| Punjabi | The word "ਸਜ਼ਾ" is derived from the Sanskrit word "śikṣā", meaning "instruction" or "discipline". |
| Romanian | The word "pedeapsă" derives from the Latin "poena" and is also related to the verb "pedeapsi" and the noun "pedeapsă" in Albanian. |
| Russian | "Наказание" can also mean "order" coming from the root "казнить" meaning "to execute". |
| Samoan | In Samoan, "faʻasalaga" also means "discipline" or "training". |
| Scots Gaelic | "Peanas" is also a term for a "large, heavy load" or a "penalty". |
| Serbian | The word "казна" in Serbian has Slavic roots and is also related to the word "казнить", which means "to execute". |
| Sesotho | "Kotlo" also means "oven" or "cooking pot". |
| Shona | The word "chirango" is thought to be derived from the Proto-Bantu root "-lang-," meaning "to punish or chastise." |
| Sindhi | In Sindhi, 'سزا' (punishment) is also used to refer to the due reward or recompense for one's actions. |
| Sinhala (Sinhalese) | The word "ද.ුවම්" ("dunam") literally means "the act of burning" in Pali, the language of ancient Buddhist scriptures. |
| Slovak | The word "trest" also means "burden" or "trouble" in Slovak. |
| Slovenian | Kazen is also a name associated with the Slavic goddess of punishment and revenge, Perperuna. |
| Somali | The word "ciqaab" is closely related to "caaqil", meaning an assembly of elders, as punishment is often determined by the deliberations of the community. |
| Spanish | The Spanish word "castigo" originates from the Latin "castigare," which means "to correct or improve." |
| Sundanese | "Hukuman" also denotes a period of waiting for a period for which a decision is made after a period of time. |
| Swahili | The term 'adhabu' is likely derived from the Arabic 'adab,' meaning instruction or discipline. |
| Swedish | The word 'bestraffning' is derived from the Old Norse word 'straff' meaning 'reproach' or 'disgrace'. |
| Tagalog (Filipino) | "Parusa" is of Sanskrit origin and initially meant "severe" or "hard", but the meaning evolved to "punishment" in Tagalog. |
| Tajik | The word "ҷазо" also means "revenge" and "retribution" in Tajik. |
| Tamil | "தண்டனை" (tandaṉai) literally means "act of hitting" in Tamil and is related to the word "தண்டு" (taṇṭu), meaning "staff". |
| Telugu | The word 'శిక్ష' also means 'instruction' or 'discipline' |
| Thai | 'การลงโทษ' literally translates to 'lowering the body,' a reflection of the historical practice of chaining prisoners by the neck in a painful lowering position. |
| Turkish | "Ceza" is the Turkish word for "punishment", but it also has the same root as the Arabic word for "judgment" |
| Ukrainian | The word “покарання” evolved from “кара” meaning “retribution,” a punishment for wrongdoing. |
| Urdu | The word "سزا" is derived from the Arabic word "سزاد" meaning "requital" or "retribution". It can also refer to the "consequences" of an action. |
| Uzbek | The word "jazo" in Uzbek can also mean "punishment" or "retribution". |
| Vietnamese | The word "sự trừng phạt" can also refer to the consequences of one's actions or behaviors. |
| Welsh | Cosb is cognate with the Breton "kozh" meaning "old," perhaps connecting the concept of "ancient punishment" with "punishment." |
| Xhosa | "Isohlwayo" is derived from the verb "sohla", meaning "to punish", and can also refer to a fine or compensation paid to the victim of a crime. |
| Yiddish | The Yiddish word "שטראָף" derives from the German word "Strafe", meaning not only "punishment" but also "fine". |
| Yoruba | "Ijiya" also means "debt" in Yoruba, indicating the strong connection between wrongdoing and the need for restitution. |
| Zulu | "I-sijeziso" is related to "isiso" to correct, to set right, to make someone realize their sin or mistake |
| English | 'Punishment' derives from the Latin 'poena', meaning either 'atonement' or 'suffering'. Thus it can denote both retribution and penalty or suffering. |