Afrikaans kaal | ||
Albanian lakuriq | ||
Amharic እርቃናቸውን | ||
Arabic عارية | ||
Armenian մերկ | ||
Assamese উলংগ | ||
Aymara q’ala jan isinïña | ||
Azerbaijani çılpaq | ||
Bambara farilankolon | ||
Basque biluzik | ||
Belarusian голы | ||
Bengali নগ্ন | ||
Bhojpuri नंगा हो गइल बा | ||
Bosnian gola | ||
Bulgarian гол | ||
Catalan nu | ||
Cebuano hubo | ||
Chinese (Simplified) 裸 | ||
Chinese (Traditional) 裸 | ||
Corsican nudu | ||
Croatian gola | ||
Czech nahý | ||
Danish nøgen | ||
Dhivehi ބަރަހަނާއެވެ | ||
Dogri नंगे | ||
Dutch naakt | ||
English naked | ||
Esperanto nuda | ||
Estonian alasti | ||
Ewe amamaɖeɖenuwɔnawo | ||
Filipino (Tagalog) hubad | ||
Finnish alasti | ||
French nu | ||
Frisian neaken | ||
Galician espido | ||
Georgian შიშველი | ||
German nackt | ||
Greek γυμνός | ||
Guarani opívo | ||
Gujarati નગ્ન | ||
Haitian Creole toutouni | ||
Hausa tsirara | ||
Hawaiian olohelohe | ||
Hebrew עֵירוֹם | ||
Hindi नंगा | ||
Hmong liab qab | ||
Hungarian meztelen | ||
Icelandic nakinn | ||
Igbo gba ọtọ | ||
Ilocano lamolamo | ||
Indonesian telanjang | ||
Irish nocht | ||
Italian nudo | ||
Japanese 裸 | ||
Javanese wuda | ||
Kannada ಬೆತ್ತಲೆ | ||
Kazakh жалаңаш | ||
Khmer អាក្រាត | ||
Kinyarwanda yambaye ubusa | ||
Konkani नग्न आशिल्लें | ||
Korean 적나라한 | ||
Krio nekɛd wan | ||
Kurdish tazî | ||
Kurdish (Sorani) ڕووتی | ||
Kyrgyz жылаңач | ||
Lao ເປືອຍກາຍ | ||
Latin nudus | ||
Latvian kails | ||
Lingala bolumbu | ||
Lithuanian nuogas | ||
Luganda nga bali bukunya | ||
Luxembourgish plakeg | ||
Macedonian гол | ||
Maithili नंगटे | ||
Malagasy tsy nanan-kitafy | ||
Malay telanjang | ||
Malayalam നഗ്നനായി | ||
Maltese mikxufa | ||
Maori tahanga | ||
Marathi नग्न | ||
Meiteilon (Manipuri) ꯅꯛꯅꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ꯫ | ||
Mizo saruak a ni | ||
Mongolian нүцгэн | ||
Myanmar (Burmese) အဝတ်အချည်းစည်း | ||
Nepali ना naked्गो | ||
Norwegian naken | ||
Nyanja (Chichewa) wamaliseche | ||
Odia (Oriya) ଉଲଗ୍ନ | ||
Oromo qullaa | ||
Pashto ننگه | ||
Persian برهنه | ||
Polish nagi | ||
Portuguese (Portugal, Brazil) nu | ||
Punjabi ਨੰਗਾ | ||
Quechua q’ala | ||
Romanian gol | ||
Russian голый | ||
Samoan le lavalava | ||
Sanskrit नग्नः | ||
Scots Gaelic rùisgte | ||
Sepedi ba hlobotše | ||
Serbian голи | ||
Sesotho hlobotse | ||
Shona akashama | ||
Sindhi ننگو | ||
Sinhala (Sinhalese) නිරුවත් | ||
Slovak nahý | ||
Slovenian gola | ||
Somali qaawan | ||
Spanish desnudo | ||
Sundanese taranjang | ||
Swahili uchi | ||
Swedish naken | ||
Tagalog (Filipino) hubad | ||
Tajik урён | ||
Tamil நிர்வாணமாக | ||
Tatar ялангач | ||
Telugu నగ్నంగా | ||
Thai เปล่า | ||
Tigrinya ዕርቃኑ ወጺኡ | ||
Tsonga a nga ambalanga nchumu | ||
Turkish çıplak | ||
Turkmen ýalaňaç | ||
Twi (Akan) adagyaw | ||
Ukrainian голий | ||
Urdu ننگا | ||
Uyghur يالىڭاچ | ||
Uzbek yalang'och | ||
Vietnamese khỏa thân | ||
Welsh noeth | ||
Xhosa ze | ||
Yiddish נאַקעט | ||
Yoruba ihoho | ||
Zulu nqunu |
| Language | Etymology / Notes |
|---|---|
| Afrikaans | The Afrikaans word "kaal" is ultimately derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *keh₂lós, meaning "bald". It also has the alternate meaning of "bare" or "empty". |
| Albanian | The word 'lakuriq' is derived from Proto-Indo-European *lewk- ('to leave, abandon'), and is cognate with Latin 'lacrima' ('tear') and Sanskrit 'loka' ('world'). |
| Amharic | The word "እርቃናቸውን" can also refer to someone who is poor or has nothing to wear. |
| Armenian | The word 'մերկ' (merg) is ultimately derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *merg- meaning 'to die' |
| Azerbaijani | "Çılpaq" (naked) in Azerbaijani can also mean "bare" or "uncovered." |
| Basque | The word "biluzik" also means "the one from the village" or "the rural one" when used as a noun. |
| Bengali | The word "নগ্ন" can also mean "new" or "fresh" in Bengali. |
| Bosnian | The Bosnian word "gola" has its origins in the Proto-Slavic word "golъ", meaning "bare" or "naked". |
| Bulgarian | The word гол in its archaic form could be использоваться to refer also to |
| Catalan | In Catalan, 'nu' can also refer to a shade of color between white and gray, or to a type of fabric with a similar shade. |
| Cebuano | "Hubó" means naked, but when it is an exclamation or an expression of sadness it has a different meaning, which is a more nuanced expression of anguish or sadness." |
| Chinese (Simplified) | In Chinese, the character "裸" (naked) can also mean "bare," "exposed," or "unreserved." |
| Chinese (Traditional) | 裸 originated from the pictograph of a person with bare arms and legs. |
| Corsican | Nudu can also mean "poor" or "without". |
| Croatian | "Gola" also means "goal" in Croatian and is related to the word "gol" in Spanish and other Romance languages. |
| Czech | The word "nahý" is derived from the Proto-Slavic root *nagъ, meaning "naked" or "bare". |
| Danish | "Nøgen" originally meant "just newly born" in Old Norse, and is cognate with the English word "naked". As time passed, its meaning shifted to "not wearing clothes". |
| Dutch | The word 'naakt' is derived from the Middle Dutch 'naken', which is itself a cognate of the English word 'naked'. |
| Esperanto | Nuda is the feminine nominative of the Esperanto adjective for "naked." |
| Estonian | The word "alasti" in Estonian is derived from the Proto-Finnic word *alast-, meaning "naked", and is also used in the sense of "bare" or "uncovered". |
| Finnish | The Finnish word "alasti" is derived from the Proto-Uralic word *ala, meaning "naked" or "bare". |
| French | Nu can mean unadorned or stripped of something other than clothes, like land, trees, or a table. |
| Frisian | In Frisian, "neaken" is derived from the Proto-Germanic word "nakiðaz," meaning "bare," and also shares a root with the English word "naked." |
| Galician | Espido comes from the Latin 'expedire', meaning to free from obstacles or hindrances. |
| Georgian | The word "შიშველი" is derived from the Proto-Kartvelian root "*šw-i" meaning "raw," "uncooked." |
| German | The word "nackt" comes from the Old High German word "nachot," meaning "bare" or "uncovered." |
| Greek | The Greek word "γυμνός" (naked), besides its literal meaning, also signifies "bare, stripped, unadorned" as well as "unarmed, defenseless". |
| Gujarati | "નગ્ન" (naked) in Gujarati can also mean "without clothing or covering" or "exposed to view." |
| Haitian Creole | Toutouni also refers to the Haitian folktale character "Ti Malis". |
| Hausa | "Tsirara" can also mean "empty" or "deficient" in Hausa. |
| Hawaiian | "Naked" in Hawaiian is "olohelohe", meaning "without clothes" or "innocent". |
| Hebrew | The word "עֵירוֹם" can also refer to a person who is lacking in knowledge or experience, or to something that is simple or unadorned. |
| Hindi | "नंगा" is also used metaphorically to describe something that is incomplete, unfinished, or lacking in some way. |
| Hmong | The Hmong word 'liab qab' can also refer to a person who is vulnerable and defenseless, or to someone who has been stripped of their dignity. |
| Hungarian | The Hungarian word "meztelen" derives from the Proto-Uralic "meččen", which also meant "empty" and "bare". |
| Icelandic | Nakin is cognate with 'naked', 'nacke', 'nocent', and 'nocuous'. All of these words have the concept 'to cause harm' at their root. |
| Igbo | The term 'gba ọtọ' is also used figuratively to describe an 'exposed' situation. |
| Indonesian | The word "telanjang" also has connotations of shamelessness or disgrace. |
| Irish | The older Irish word 'nocht' survives in the modern words 'nochtadh' (naked) and 'oíche' (night), the latter being related to 'nyx' in Greek and 'nox' in Latin, all ultimately deriving from the Proto-Indo-European root *nokw-t-, meaning 'night'. |
| Javanese | The word 'wuda' ('naked') derives from its root word 'ada' which means 'to be' which also has a connotation of 'to appear'. |
| Kannada | The word "ಬೆತ್ತಲೆ" can also refer to a type of folk song or a person who is extremely poor and destitute. |
| Kazakh | "Жалаңаш" is also used to describe something that is not protected or hidden. |
| Khmer | The word "អាក្រាត" (naked) is derived from the Sanskrit word "नाग्न" (nāgna), meaning "naked". |
| Korean | "적나라한" also means "harsh" or "excessive" in Korean. |
| Kurdish | The word "tazî" also means "poor" in Kurdish, which may be related to the idea of being exposed or vulnerable when unclothed. |
| Kyrgyz | "Жылаңач" also means "bare, uncovered, open, barefooted, unfurnished, uninhabited" in Kyrgyz. |
| Lao | The word 'ເປືອຍກາຍ' can also mean 'clear' or 'visible' in Lao and is often used when making comparisons of one thing to another with phrases such as `ກາຍ(clear)ສາວ`, which translates in English to mean `young lady`. |
| Latin | The Latin word 'nudus' is also used to refer to unadorned or plain speech, as in 'nudus sermo'. |
| Latvian | The Latvian word "kails" is related to Slavic **golъ**, Proto-Germanic **-gala-** ("bare"), Welsh **cal** ("bare"), and possibly Old Irish **calb** ("bald"). |
| Lithuanian | "Nuogas" is derived from the Proto-Indo-European *nogʷhos, meaning "bare" or "pure." |
| Luxembourgish | The etymology of "plakeg" is unknown, but it may come from the Old High German word "placho", meaning "smooth" or "shiny". |
| Macedonian | The word "гол" in Macedonian comes from the Proto-Slavic word "golъ", which also means "bare" or "uncovered". |
| Malagasy | The word "tsy nanan-kitafy" comes from the Indonesian word "telanjang" and Swahili word "utupu" which also means "naked". |
| Malay | "Telanjang": in the past also meant "to go outside" and "to be exposed". |
| Maltese | The Maltese word "mikxufa" originally meant "uncovered" and is related to the Arabic word "kashfa" meaning "to uncover". |
| Maori | The Maori word "tahanga" has additional meanings depending on context, including "unadorned" and "open" |
| Marathi | The word "नग्न" (naked) in Marathi can also refer to "destitute" or "poor". |
| Nepali | The word "नाँगो" can also refer to a person who is poor or destitute. |
| Norwegian | Although 'naken' means 'naked' in Norwegian, it originally meant 'bare' and is still used that way in Swedish and Danish. |
| Nyanja (Chichewa) | The etymology of the Nyanja word 'wamaliseche' ('naked') can also mean 'unclothed', 'without clothes', 'exposed' or 'unprotected'. |
| Pashto | The word "ننگه" in Pashto can also mean "honourless" or "disgraced". |
| Persian | In addition to its primary meaning of "naked", "برهنه" can also mean "bare", "plain", or "unadorned" in Persian. |
| Polish | "Nagi" also means "no clothes" or "no covering" in the context of furniture or other objects. |
| Portuguese (Portugal, Brazil) | In Tupi language, 'nu' means 'one who sees', 'the one who observes'. |
| Punjabi | The word 'ਨੰਗਾ' ('naked') in Punjabi can also mean 'empty' or 'poor', showing its deep connection to concepts of exposure and vulnerability. |
| Romanian | In Hungarian, "golyó" means "bullet", and some linguists believe that this word is related to Romanian "gol" due to the similar shape. |
| Russian | The word "голый" also has the meaning of "poor" or "homeless". |
| Samoan | "Le lavalava" also means "a mat used to sleep on" or "a strip of cloth worn around the waist". |
| Scots Gaelic | The term 'rùisgte' can also refer to an object or place that is missing something or incomplete, like a 'rùisgte ceann' or 'bare head'. |
| Serbian | In Serbian, "голи" also means "bare" and "destitute" |
| Sesotho | The word 'hlobotse' may also refer to a stripped tree. |
| Shona | In Shona, the word 'akashama' is a euphemism for 'dead', suggesting a state of complete vulnerability and exposure. |
| Sindhi | The Sindhi word "ننگو" is derived from the Sanskrit word "नग्न" (nagna), which also means "naked". |
| Sinhala (Sinhalese) | In Sinhala, ''නිරුවත්'' is not generally used in the context of human clothing, but rather for the bareness of objects like land or trees. |
| Slovak | The word 'nahý' ('naked') in Slovak is a cognate of the Czech and Polish words 'nahý' ('naked'), which are ultimately derived from the Proto-Slavic word *nagъ ('naked'), which is also the root of the word 'nahota' ('nakedness'). |
| Slovenian | The word "gola" in Slovenian can also refer to a bare or barren surface, such as a field or a rock. |
| Somali | Qaawan also refers to a person with no money or possessions, and is sometimes used in a figurative sense to describe someone who is helpless or vulnerable. |
| Sundanese | Taranjang also means 'poor' or 'unlucky'. |
| Swahili | The Swahili word "uchi" also has the secondary meaning of "open, exposed, or bare." |
| Swedish | The Swedish word 'naken' can also mean 'exposed' or 'unprotected,' and is related to the Old Norse term 'nakr,' meaning 'poor'. |
| Tagalog (Filipino) | The word "hubad" in Tagalog shares its origin with the Sanskrit term "nivasantah" meaning "those who reside in clothes." |
| Tajik | The word "урён" can also mean "bare", "empty", or "unfurnished". |
| Tamil | The Tamil word நிர்வாணமாக (nirvāṇamāka) can also refer to a state of spiritual liberation or detachment from worldly desires. |
| Thai | เปล่า can also mean 'empty' or 'having nothing inside'. |
| Turkish | "Çıplak", meaning "naked" in modern Turkish, also meant "barefoot" in Old Turkish and still retains that meaning in Turkish dialects." |
| Ukrainian | The Ukrainian word “голий” (naked) is also used to describe something incomplete, unfinished, or lacking something. |
| Urdu | The word "ننگا" (naked) in Urdu is also used to describe someone who is poor or destitute. |
| Uzbek | The word "yalang'och" has additional meanings such as "bare" or "empty" in Uzbek. |
| Vietnamese | The word "khỏa thân" in Vietnamese can also refer to "being alone or isolated". |
| Welsh | The word 'noeth' in Welsh derives from the Proto-Celtic word 'nagdo', meaning 'bare' or 'naked', and also appears in the Irish word 'nocht' and the Gaulish word 'nagdos'. |
| Xhosa | "Ze" in Xhosa is a noun that refers to the bare or exposed body, but can also be used to describe a state of being stripped of dignity or respect. |
| Yiddish | The Yiddish word "נאַקעט" (naked) is derived from the Middle High German word "nacket", meaning "without a shirt". |
| Yoruba | The word "ìhòhó" in Yoruba, meaning "naked," is also used to describe something that is bare, without any covering or protection. |
| Zulu | The Zulu word "nqunu" primarily means "nakedness," but can also be used figuratively to describe poverty or a lack of something. |
| English | "Naked" originates from the Old English word "nacod", meaning "not covered." |