Mountain in Different Languages
Discover 'Mountain' in 134 Languages: Dive into Translations, Hear Pronunciations, and Uncover Cultural Insights.
Mountain
Afrikaans berg | ||
Albanian mali | ||
Amharic ተራራ | ||
Arabic جبل | ||
Armenian լեռ | ||
Assamese পৰ্বত | ||
Aymara qullu | ||
Azerbaijani dağ | ||
Bambara kuluba | ||
Basque mendia | ||
Belarusian горная | ||
Bengali পর্বত | ||
Bhojpuri पहाड़ | ||
Bosnian planina | ||
Bulgarian планина | ||
Catalan muntanya | ||
Cebuano bukid | ||
Chinese (Simplified) 山 | ||
Chinese (Traditional) 山 | ||
Corsican muntagna | ||
Croatian planina | ||
Czech hora | ||
Danish bjerg | ||
Dhivehi ފަރުބަދަ | ||
Dogri प्हाड़ | ||
Dutch berg- | ||
English mountain | ||
Esperanto monto | ||
Estonian mägi | ||
Ewe to | ||
Filipino (Tagalog) bundok | ||
Finnish vuori | ||
French montagne | ||
Frisian berch | ||
Galician montaña | ||
Georgian მთა | ||
German berg | ||
Greek βουνό | ||
Guarani yvyty | ||
Gujarati પર્વત | ||
Haitian Creole montay | ||
Hausa dutse | ||
Hawaiian mauna | ||
Hebrew הַר | ||
Hindi पर्वत | ||
Hmong roob | ||
Hungarian hegy | ||
Icelandic fjall | ||
Igbo ugwu | ||
Ilocano bantay | ||
Indonesian gunung | ||
Irish sliabh | ||
Italian montagna | ||
Japanese 山 | ||
Javanese gunung | ||
Kannada ಪರ್ವತ | ||
Kazakh тау | ||
Khmer ភ្នំ | ||
Kinyarwanda umusozi | ||
Konkani पर्वत | ||
Korean 산 | ||
Krio mawntɛn | ||
Kurdish çîya | ||
Kurdish (Sorani) چیا | ||
Kyrgyz тоо | ||
Lao ພູ | ||
Latin mons | ||
Latvian kalns | ||
Lingala ngomba | ||
Lithuanian kalnas | ||
Luganda olusozi | ||
Luxembourgish bierg | ||
Macedonian планина | ||
Maithili पहाड़ | ||
Malagasy tendrombohitr'andriamanitra | ||
Malay gunung | ||
Malayalam പർവ്വതം | ||
Maltese muntanji | ||
Maori maunga | ||
Marathi डोंगर | ||
Meiteilon (Manipuri) ꯆꯤꯡꯁꯥꯡ | ||
Mizo tlang | ||
Mongolian уул | ||
Myanmar (Burmese) တောင်ကြီးတောင်ငယ် | ||
Nepali पहाड | ||
Norwegian fjell | ||
Nyanja (Chichewa) phiri | ||
Odia (Oriya) ପର୍ବତ | ||
Oromo gaara | ||
Pashto غره | ||
Persian کوه | ||
Polish góra | ||
Portuguese (Portugal, Brazil) montanha | ||
Punjabi ਪਹਾੜ | ||
Quechua urqu | ||
Romanian munte | ||
Russian гора | ||
Samoan mauga | ||
Sanskrit पर्वत | ||
Scots Gaelic beinn | ||
Sepedi thaba | ||
Serbian планина | ||
Sesotho thaba | ||
Shona gomo | ||
Sindhi جبل | ||
Sinhala (Sinhalese) කන්ද | ||
Slovak vrch | ||
Slovenian gora | ||
Somali buur | ||
Spanish montaña | ||
Sundanese gunung | ||
Swahili mlima | ||
Swedish fjäll | ||
Tagalog (Filipino) bundok | ||
Tajik кӯҳ | ||
Tamil மலை | ||
Tatar тау | ||
Telugu పర్వతం | ||
Thai ภูเขา | ||
Tigrinya ጎቦ | ||
Tsonga ntshava | ||
Turkish dağ | ||
Turkmen dag | ||
Twi (Akan) bepɔ | ||
Ukrainian гірський | ||
Urdu پہاڑ | ||
Uyghur تاغ | ||
Uzbek tog | ||
Vietnamese núi | ||
Welsh mynydd | ||
Xhosa intaba | ||
Yiddish באַרג | ||
Yoruba òkè | ||
Zulu intaba |
Etymology & Notes
| Language | Etymology / Notes |
|---|---|
| Afrikaans | The Afrikaans word "berg" is derived from the Middle Dutch word "berch", meaning "mountain" or "hill", and has a cognate in the English word "barren". |
| Albanian | The Albanian word 'mali' is also used to refer to a 'highland' or 'upland' area, and is cognate with the words 'mal' in Romanian and 'mala' in Bulgarian, all of which have the same meaning. |
| Amharic | "ተራራ" can also refer to a "large heap" or an "elevation of ground". |
| Arabic | In addition to meaning "mountain," the Arabic word "جبل" (pronounced "jebel") can also refer to a "heap" or a "pile," such as a pile of stones or sand. |
| Armenian | The word 'լեռ' is also used to refer to a 'hillock' or 'mound' |
| Azerbaijani | "Dağ" can also mean "forest" and comes from the Persian word "dah" meaning "ten", referring to the mountains in the Caucasus that are over 10,000 feet. |
| Basque | The word "mendia" comes from Proto-Basque *bendia and Proto-European *ben- "peak". |
| Belarusian | The word "горная" in Belarusian can also refer to a "chain of mountains" or a "mountainous region." |
| Bengali | The Sanskrit word "parvatah" likely came from "pari" meaning "around or around about" and "vat" meaning "to go". As the ranges surround the earth from one end to another, these are called mountains. |
| Bosnian | In Bosnian, the word 'planina' is thought to originate from the Proto-Slavic word for 'elevation' or 'rise' (planina). |
| Bulgarian | In Bulgarian, планина (planina) also refers to a mountainous region or a mountain range. |
| Catalan | The Catalan word "muntanya" derives from the Latin "montanea", meaning "belonging to a mountain" or "hillside". |
| Cebuano | In Cebuano, "bukid" originally referred to the soil found in hilly areas, and later extended to mean "hill" or "mountain". |
| Chinese (Simplified) | The character "山" also means "three" (as in three mountains) and is often seen in ancient Chinese texts referring to the Three Sovereigns and Five Emperors. |
| Chinese (Traditional) | 山 (mountain) can also mean a pile, heap, or mound. |
| Corsican | In Corsican, the word "muntagna" is thought to derive from the Latin "montanea", meaning "forest", possibly due to the densely forested slopes found on many Corsican mountains. |
| Croatian | The Croatian word "planina" not only means "mountain", it can also refer to a high plateau or a mountain pasture. |
| Czech | The noun hora can also mean forest, a fact reflected in the name of the mountain range Lesní Hory (literally 'Forest Mountains'). |
| Danish | In Danish, "bjerg" is cognate with English "barrow," meaning a burial mound or hill. |
| Dutch | The Dutch word "berg-" also means "shelter" or "protection". |
| Esperanto | Monto is an alteration of "monte", which itself is cognate to the English word "mountain". |
| Estonian | The word "mägi" in Estonian may also refer to a hill or an elevation of land, not necessarily a mountain. |
| Finnish | "Vuori" likely comes from the Proto-Finnic "*wore" meaning "rock, stone". |
| French | The word "Montagne" originates from the Latin "montāneus" and can also refer to a "pile" or a "heap". |
| Frisian | The word "berch" in Frisian also refers to a hill or an artificial mound. |
| Galician | In Galician, "montaña" is a term that specifically refers to a mountainous area with significant slopes, often associated with rural or remote locations. |
| Georgian | The word "მთა" (mountain) is cognate with the Persian word "کوه" (kūh), and both words ultimately derive from the Proto-Indo-European root *ḱeu̯- "to swell, rise up". |
| German | The word "Berg" in German can also refer to a mining area or a hill. |
| Greek | The word "βουνό" in Greek shares the same root with the words "βοῦς" (cow) and "βόσκω" (to graze), suggesting its original meaning as a place where cattle graze. |
| Gujarati | The word "પર્વત" in Gujarati, also means "religious festival" and "junction of two or more hills or mountains." |
| Haitian Creole | Montay, which means "mountain" in Haitian Creole, is derived from the Spanish word "montaña" and also refers to a "pile" or "heap". |
| Hausa | "Dutse" also means "stone" in Hausa, a language spoken in northern Nigeria and parts of Niger |
| Hawaiian | Mauna, meaning "mountain" in Hawaiian, also denotes "great abundance" or "great elevation" in the language. |
| Hebrew | In the Bible, the Hebrew word "הַר" can also mean "hill" or "elevated place." |
| Hindi | The word "पर्वत" is derived from the Sanskrit word "परिवर्तन" meaning "change or transformation"} |
| Hmong | "Roo" has the double meaning of |
| Hungarian | The archaic meaning of the Hungarian word "hegy" (meaning mountain) is "forest". |
| Icelandic | "Fjall" can also refer to the roof of a house, as well as the ridge or peak of a wave. |
| Igbo | In some Igbo communities, |
| Indonesian | The word "gunung" in Indonesian has cognate forms in many other Austronesian languages, including Tagalog "bundok" and Malay "gunong". |
| Irish | The word 'sliabh' (mountain) in Irish is also used in the phrase 'sliabh mis' (months of pregnancy), as the body of a pregnant woman is likened to a mountain. |
| Italian | The Italian word "montagna" is derived from the Latin word "mons", meaning "mountain". In some Italian dialects, it can also refer to a "hill" or a "large hill". |
| Japanese | The word "山" can also refer to a pile or mound, or to something that is large and imposing. |
| Javanese | The Javanese word "gunung" can also refer to a person of high status or to the peak of a mountain. |
| Kannada | The word "ಪರ್ವತ" has its roots in Sanskrit, where it also means "group of trees" or "forest." |
| Kazakh | The Kazakh word "тау" also refers to a hill, ridge, or peak. |
| Khmer | The Khmer word ភ្នំ (mountain) shares a similar etymology with the Sanskrit word "parvata" (mountain range). |
| Korean | The Korean word "산" not only means "mountain," but also "a large quantity or amount" and "birth." |
| Kurdish | In Old Persian and Avestan, "çîya" meant "sharp" (referring to the peak), and later took the meaning "mountain" in Middle Persian and Kurdish. |
| Kyrgyz | In Kyrgyz, "тоо" has cognates in other Turkic languages, such as Kazakh "тау" and Turkish "dağ." |
| Lao | In Lao, ພູ also refers to the mountain spirit (ผีภู) of animist beliefs, embodying power and influence over the natural world. |
| Latin | "Mons" also means "admonition" and is the origin of the English word "monish" meaning "to warn". |
| Latvian | Derived from the Proto-Indo-European root "kel-/*kol-/*kwel-/*kwol-", meaning "to be high" or "to be prominent". |
| Lithuanian | The word "kalnas" is derived from the Proto-Indo-European root "*kel-", meaning "to rise" or "to swell". It is also related to the Sanskrit word "śrī" and the Greek word "kolos", both meaning "height" or "elevation". |
| Luxembourgish | Etymology not entirely clear, perhaps cognate with Middle Dutch "berch" (hillock) and German "Berg" (mountain). |
| Macedonian | The word планина (mountain) in Macedonian derives from the Proto-Slavic word *planina, which originally meant a grassy field or pasture. |
| Malagasy | The word "TENDROMBOHITR'ANDRIAMANITRA" (mountain) in Malagasy is derived from "Tendrombohitra," which means "place where the king lives" and "Andriamanitra," which means "God." |
| Malay | Gunung, meaning 'mountain' in Malay, is cognate with 'gun' in Javanese and 'kun' in Sundanese, derived from Sanskrit and ultimately of Austroasiatic origins. |
| Malayalam | The word 'പർവ്വതം' in Malayalam can also refer to a chapter in a book. |
| Maltese | Muntanji is also used to refer to a large building or a pile of something (usually hay). |
| Maori | Maunga can also refer to a hill or a peak, or to a place of great significance or importance. |
| Marathi | The word "डोंगर" comes from the Sanskrit word "डुंगरी", meaning "hillock" or "small mountain." |
| Mongolian | Mongolian word "уул" (mountain) is derived from Proto-Mongolic "*uɡə" meaning "hill" or "uplands" and is related to other Mongolian words "ууж" (elevation) and "уулархаг" (hilly). |
| Nepali | The word "पहाड" is also used to refer to the Himalayas, the mountain range that separates India from Nepal and Tibet. |
| Norwegian | In older times, the word "fjell" also referred to the mountain ridge and mountains generally as "fells". |
| Nyanja (Chichewa) | The etymology behind 'phiri' is unknown. The Nyanja word 'phiripiri' means a 'small, long hill', and is likely a diminutive form. |
| Pashto | غره in Pashto can also mean 'dawn' or 'forehead' |
| Persian | The word "کوه" is the source for the name of the ancient Persian Empire, which was known as "Anshān" (meaning "a place of mountains") in Akkadian. |
| Polish | Polish "Góra" (mountain) derives from Old Slavic *gora, and could also mean: a grave, a hill, an elevation, or a mine excavation. |
| Portuguese (Portugal, Brazil) | The word "montanha" is derived from the Latin word "montem" (nominative "mons"), meaning "hill" or "mountain". |
| Punjabi | "ਪਹਾੜ" is derived from the Sanskrit word "parvata", which also means "mountain". |
| Romanian | The Romanian word "Munte" has Dacian origins, possibly meaning "hill, elevation". |
| Russian | The word "гора" can also refer to a pile or heap of something, such as a pile of hay or a heap of rocks. |
| Samoan | The Samoan word 'mauga' not only means 'mountain' but also refers to a raised or elevated place, and is used in a proverb to describe a person who is respected and esteemed. |
| Scots Gaelic | Beinn comes from the Gaelic words "beinn" and "fionn" meaning "white mountain" |
| Serbian | The word 'планина' derives from Indo-European 'pleu' and is cognate with names like Alps or Plymouth. |
| Sesotho | Thaba is derived from an archaic word for 'rock' that also survives in the word for 'stone,' sefika. |
| Shona | The Shona word for 'mountain', 'gomo', is also used to refer to something that is large or difficult to move. |
| Sindhi | The word "جبل" in Sindhi also refers to a particular breed of goat with distinct characteristics such as long, drooping ears and a distinctive horn shape. |
| Sinhala (Sinhalese) | In Sinhala, "කන්ද" (kanda) also refers to a specific type of hill or hillock found in Sri Lanka and South India, known as a "kanda" or "hill country". |
| Slovak | The word "vrch" originally meant the top part of something, then the top of a hill, and eventually a hill itself. |
| Slovenian | The Slovenian word "gora" is cognate with the Slavic word "gora" meaning "hill" and "forest". |
| Somali | The word "buur" can also refer to a "heap" or a "pile" in Somali. |
| Spanish | Montaña originally meant "wild and uncultivated land" in medieval Spanish. |
| Sundanese | The word 'gunung' can refer to a mountain or a volcano in Sundanese, but it can also mean 'to climb'. |
| Swahili | Swahili "mlima" originally referred to a small hill, and its meaning expanded over time to encompass all elevations. |
| Swedish | The Swedish word "fjäll" can also be spelled as "fjell", which is the Norwegian spelling and has the same meaning. |
| Tagalog (Filipino) | The Tagalog word "bundok" is also cognate to the Malay "gunung", "mountain" and "hill". |
| Tajik | "Кӯҳ" is also the name of an ancient fortress built on the hills that surrounded the medieval city of Bukhara. |
| Tamil | The Tamil word "மலை" (mountain) is cognate with the Proto-Dravidian root *mal-, meaning "high ground". |
| Telugu | The word "పర్వతం" in Telugu is derived from the Sanskrit word "parvata", which means a hill or mountain range. |
| Thai | "ภูเขา" originated from the Sanskrit word "girikuta" meaning "rock mountain". |
| Turkish | The word "dağ" can also refer to a "hill" or a "pass" in Turkish. |
| Ukrainian | In Ukrainian, "mountain" can also be "горный" (hornyi) meaning "sickly" or "горняк" (horniak) a "miner". |
| Urdu | پہاڑ (pahāṛ) is also used figuratively to refer to a large or insurmountable obstacle |
| Uzbek | In Uzbek, "tog" is a Turkic word likely derived from the Persian word "dagh" or the Mongolian word "tog". |
| Vietnamese | "Núi" derives from the Proto-Mon-Khmer word "*pnuŋ" meaning "peak" or "high ground." |
| Welsh | The Welsh word "mynydd" is derived from the Proto-Celtic root "*mŭn-id-yo-", meaning "high, projecting". |
| Xhosa | The word "intaba" can also mean "a large animal, such as an elephant". |
| Yiddish | "באַרג" (barg) is also used as a generic Yiddish term for a hill, and is related to the German "Berg" and English "barrow" |
| Yoruba | As an ideophone, 'òkè' describes a loud noise, like an explosion or the cracking of a whip. |
| Zulu | Intaba derives from the Proto-Bantu word *tabi, meaning 'small peak'. |
| English | The word "mountain" comes from the Latin word "mons," which can also refer to a hill or any large, elevated landform. |