Afrikaans meester | ||
Albanian mjeshtër | ||
Amharic ጌታ | ||
Arabic رئيس | ||
Armenian վարպետ | ||
Assamese মাষ্টৰ | ||
Aymara yatichiri | ||
Azerbaijani usta | ||
Bambara makɛ | ||
Basque maisu | ||
Belarusian майстар | ||
Bengali মাস্টার | ||
Bhojpuri माहटर साहेब | ||
Bosnian majstore | ||
Bulgarian майстор | ||
Catalan mestre | ||
Cebuano agalon | ||
Chinese (Simplified) 主 | ||
Chinese (Traditional) 主 | ||
Corsican maestru | ||
Croatian ovladati; majstorski | ||
Czech mistr | ||
Danish mestre | ||
Dhivehi ބޮޑުމީހާ | ||
Dogri मास्टर | ||
Dutch meester | ||
English master | ||
Esperanto mastro | ||
Estonian meister | ||
Ewe aƒetɔ | ||
Filipino (Tagalog) master | ||
Finnish hallita | ||
French maître | ||
Frisian master | ||
Galician mestre | ||
Georgian ოსტატი | ||
German meister | ||
Greek κύριος | ||
Guarani mba'ekuaavetehára | ||
Gujarati માસ્ટર | ||
Haitian Creole mèt | ||
Hausa maigida | ||
Hawaiian haku | ||
Hebrew לִשְׁלוֹט | ||
Hindi गुरुजी | ||
Hmong tus tswv | ||
Hungarian fő- | ||
Icelandic húsbóndi | ||
Igbo nna ukwu | ||
Ilocano amo | ||
Indonesian menguasai | ||
Irish máistir | ||
Italian maestro | ||
Japanese 主人 | ||
Javanese juragan | ||
Kannada ಮಾಸ್ಟರ್ | ||
Kazakh шебер | ||
Khmer មេ | ||
Kinyarwanda shobuja | ||
Konkani मास्टर | ||
Korean 석사 | ||
Krio masta | ||
Kurdish mamoste | ||
Kurdish (Sorani) سەرەکی | ||
Kyrgyz кожоюн | ||
Lao ຕົ້ນສະບັບ | ||
Latin dominus | ||
Latvian meistars | ||
Lingala nkolo | ||
Lithuanian meistras | ||
Luganda -kugu | ||
Luxembourgish meeschter | ||
Macedonian господар | ||
Maithili स्वामी | ||
Malagasy tompony | ||
Malay tuan | ||
Malayalam മാസ്റ്റർ | ||
Maltese kaptan | ||
Maori rangatira | ||
Marathi मास्टर | ||
Meiteilon (Manipuri) ꯝꯄꯨ | ||
Mizo hotu | ||
Mongolian мастер | ||
Myanmar (Burmese) ဆရာ | ||
Nepali मास्टर | ||
Norwegian herre | ||
Nyanja (Chichewa) mbuye | ||
Odia (Oriya) ଗୁରୁ | ||
Oromo gooftaa | ||
Pashto ماسټر | ||
Persian استاد | ||
Polish mistrz | ||
Portuguese (Portugal, Brazil) mestre | ||
Punjabi ਮਾਸਟਰ | ||
Quechua patron | ||
Romanian maestru | ||
Russian мастер | ||
Samoan matai | ||
Sanskrit निपुण | ||
Scots Gaelic mhaighstir | ||
Sepedi nkgwete | ||
Serbian господару | ||
Sesotho monghali | ||
Shona tenzi | ||
Sindhi مالڪ | ||
Sinhala (Sinhalese) ස්වාමියා | ||
Slovak pán | ||
Slovenian mojster | ||
Somali sayid | ||
Spanish maestro | ||
Sundanese juragan | ||
Swahili bwana | ||
Swedish bemästra | ||
Tagalog (Filipino) panginoon | ||
Tajik устод | ||
Tamil குரு | ||
Tatar мастер | ||
Telugu మాస్టర్ | ||
Thai ปรมาจารย์ | ||
Tigrinya ተምሃረ | ||
Tsonga n'winyi | ||
Turkish usta | ||
Turkmen ussat | ||
Twi (Akan) owura | ||
Ukrainian майстер | ||
Urdu ماسٹر | ||
Uyghur ئۇستاز | ||
Uzbek usta | ||
Vietnamese bậc thầy | ||
Welsh meistr | ||
Xhosa inkosi | ||
Yiddish בעל | ||
Yoruba oluwa | ||
Zulu inkosi |
| Language | Etymology / Notes |
|---|---|
| Afrikaans | The Afrikaans word "meester" is derived from the Dutch word "meester" and the Old English word "mægester", both of which mean "teacher" or "lord". |
| Albanian | The Albanian word 'mjeshtër' is derived from the Latin word 'magister', meaning 'teacher' or 'expert'. |
| Amharic | "ጌታ" also means "owner" or "lord" in Amharic. |
| Arabic | The word 'رئيس' is derived from the Arabic root 'رأس' meaning 'head' and has alternate meanings such as 'chief', 'president', and 'chairman'. |
| Armenian | The Armenian word վարպետ “master,” comes from an Indo-European root that also gives rise to words for “create” or “make” in various other languages, such as the Latin verb *creare. |
| Azerbaijani | "Usta" can also mean "skilled" or "expert" in Azerbaijani. |
| Basque | "Maisu" is cognate with the Latin word "magister", meaning "teacher" or "one who is greater". |
| Belarusian | The word "майстар" derives from the Old East Slavic "мастеръ" (master), cognate to the German "meister" and the English "master". |
| Bengali | The word 'মাস্টার' can also refer to the captain of a ship or a skilled craftsman. |
| Bosnian | The word "majstore" can also refer to a craftsman who has reached the highest level of their trade. |
| Bulgarian | The word “майстор” comes from Medieval Greek and was originally used for military commanders. |
| Catalan | The Catalan word "mestre" originates from the Latin word "magister" and can also mean "teacher" or "professor". |
| Cebuano | In some contexts, 'agalon' can refer to a person of high rank, such as a chieftain or leader. |
| Chinese (Simplified) | In Chinese, the word "主" also means "host", "owner", or "sovereign". |
| Chinese (Traditional) | "主" is also the name given to the first of the five Chinese musical notes. |
| Corsican | The word "maestru" can also refer to a craftsman, a teacher, or a skilled worker in Corsican. |
| Croatian | The Croatian word "ovladati" also means "to dominate" or "to control". |
| Czech | In the Czech language, the word "mistr" also has the meaning of "teacher". |
| Danish | In Danish, "mester" can refer to a "teacher", "person of superior skill", or "one who controls knowledge". |
| Dutch | The Dutch word "meester" can also be used to refer to a lawyer or notary, or as a term of address for a person with a higher education. |
| Esperanto | The Esperanto word "mastro" originates from the English word "master", but it also has the alternate meaning of "teacher" or "instructor". |
| Estonian | In Estonian, "meister" also refers to a craftsman, expert, or professional in a field. |
| Finnish | The word "hallita" comes from the Proto-Finnic word "*haltija", meaning "to hold" or "to possess". |
| French | In French, “Maître” may also mean “lawyer,” “teacher,” “captain,” “owner,” and was used to address doctors. |
| Frisian | The Frisian word "master" (maester) can also mean "teacher" or "professor". |
| Galician | In Galician, the word "mestre" can also mean teacher, doctor (medical), or leader of a craft guild. |
| Georgian | The Georgian word ოსტატი (''ostati'') can also refer to a priest or, in the context of a guild, a master craftsman. |
| German | The word "Meister" derives from the Latin "magister," meaning "leader," and has historically carried connotations of both skill and authority. |
| Greek | It also refers to the proper name 'Lord' and the word for 'God' (theos) and is used in the context of the holy trinity in the Christian faith. |
| Gujarati | The Gujarati word "માસ્ટર" can also mean "expert" or "skilled person". |
| Haitian Creole | Haitian Creole "mèt" is borrowed from French but can also refer to a teacher, priest, or someone with skill in a trade. |
| Hausa | Hausa word "maigida", meaning "master", may also refer to a chief or ruler of a village or community. |
| Hawaiian | Haku, meaning 'master', derives from the words haku 'to command' and ha 'breath' |
| Hebrew | The Hebrew word לִשְׁלוֹט (master) also means to rule, govern, and control, and is related to the Akkadian word šulṭu (authority). |
| Hindi | In Sanskrit, the word "guruji" means "heavy" or "important". It can also refer to a teacher, spiritual guide, or respected elder. |
| Hmong | “Tus tswv” literally translates to “owner of the knife” and is used to refer to a father figure or male leader in Hmong culture. |
| Hungarian | The word "fő-" has cognates in most Uralic languages, with meanings such as "head" (head of body or of plant), "top" or "beginning". |
| Icelandic | "Húsbóndi" is an Icelandic word that literally translates to "house-dweller" and was historically used to refer to the head of a household. It shares the same etymology as the German word "Hausband" ("house-bond"). |
| Igbo | "Nna ukwu" can also mean "grandfather" or a term of respect for someone much older than oneself. |
| Indonesian | Menguasai also refers to a period of time when a person or animal has a diminished sense of control over themselves, such as during sleep or hypnosis. |
| Irish | The word 'máistir' also has the archaic meaning of 'scholar', and is used in this sense in the name of the traditional Irish poet-historian. |
| Italian | The word "maestro" is derived from the Latin "magister," meaning "teacher" or "leader," and has been used in Italian since the 13th century to refer to a skilled craftsman or artist. |
| Japanese | "主人" can also be used to refer to a landlord, employer, or the head of a household. |
| Javanese | The Javanese word "juragan" is also used to refer to a ship's captain or a wealthy merchant, hinting at its maritime origins. |
| Kannada | In Kannada, the word |
| Kazakh | Historically "шебер" also referred to a person who had reached a "level of excellence in their field" or a "well-respected person with experience and skills". |
| Khmer | The word "មេ" (master) in Khmer has several alternative meanings, including "chief," "head," or "leader." |
| Korean | In addition to its meaning of "master," "석사" (碩士) also refers to a "master's degree" in Korean. |
| Kurdish | It may be derived from the Syriac "māryā" or Arabic "mawlā". Some also see its origin in the Persian word "madhost" |
| Kyrgyz | Etymology: Old Turkic, cognate with Mongolian qožajun "elder, master", ultimately from Chinese 公公 gonggong ("father’s father, respectful address for old men") |
| Latin | "Dominus" was a title for a god in ancient Rome, later used to refer to a lord or master. |
| Latvian | In Old Prussian, "meistars" could also refer to a priest or a pagan holy man, which may have influenced the Latvian word's meaning. |
| Lithuanian | The word "meistras" is derived from the Proto-Indo-European root "mei-," meaning "to think" or "to know." |
| Macedonian | The word «господар» comes from the old Church Slavic "господи" meaning master, leader. |
| Malagasy | "Tompony" also refers to a type of royal drum in the Malagasy kingdom, as well as the title of an important official in the royal court. |
| Malay | "Tuan" is also used as a polite form of address for men in several Southeast Asian languages. |
| Malayalam | In Malayalam, "മാസ്റ്റർ" (master) has alternate meanings including "teacher" and "expert". |
| Maltese | The Maltese word "kaptan" likely derives from the Italian "capitano", meaning "captain." |
| Maori | The Māori word "rangatira" originally meant "heavenly being" and was later used to refer to chiefs and leaders. |
| Marathi | The Marathi word "मास्टर" can also mean "mister" or "sir". |
| Mongolian | The word "мастер" can also refer to a skilled craftsman or a teacher. |
| Myanmar (Burmese) | The word "ဆရာ" (master) in Myanmar (Burmese) is derived from the Pali word "acariya", meaning "teacher" or "preceptor". |
| Nepali | मास्टर may derive from an ancient term for the boss, or perhaps even from a root meaning 'big'. In contemporary usage the term may refer to a respected teacher or trainer. |
| Norwegian | Herre, which literally translates to 'gentleman,' may also refer to a lord, squire, or husband in Norwegian. |
| Nyanja (Chichewa) | "Mbuye" in Nyanja also means "owner" or "husband," further demonstrating the hierarchical and patriarchal nature of the society. |
| Pashto | The word "ماسټر" also means "boss" or "manager" in Pashto. |
| Persian | استاد is derived from the Proto-Indo-Iranian root *sta-, meaning "to stand" or "to be firm". The word is also used to refer to a teacher or professor in Persian. |
| Polish | The word "mistrz" in Polish originally meant "instructor" or "teacher" and is related to the German word "Meister" meaning "craftsman". |
| Portuguese (Portugal, Brazil) | In Portuguese, "mestre" can also mean "teacher", "expert", or "head of a religious order". |
| Punjabi | The word "ਮਾਸਟਰ" (master) in Punjabi also means "owner" or "leader of a group or organization." |
| Romanian | The Romanian word "maestru" ultimately derives from the Latin word "magister" but can also mean "teacher" or "expert" in some contexts. |
| Russian | In Russian, the word "master" can also refer to a skilled craftsman or an expert in a specific field. |
| Samoan | In traditional Samoan culture, "matai" also refers to a head of a family or village, carrying cultural and political authority. |
| Scots Gaelic | The term "mhaighstir" derived from the Latin "magister", meaning "teacher" or "head of a family". |
| Serbian | The word "господару" can also mean "lord" or "gentleman" in Serbian and its related languages. |
| Sesotho | The word “monghali” etymologically means “head” and could refer to the “top (highest part) of anything”. |
| Shona | The word "tenzi" can also refer to a religious or spiritual leader in the Shona culture. |
| Sindhi | The word "مالڪ" (master) can also mean "owner" or "husband" in Sindhi. |
| Sinhala (Sinhalese) | The word "ස්වාමියා" can also refer to a husband or a deity, depending on the context. |
| Slovak | Pán is also used to refer to God or to a priest |
| Slovenian | The word 'mojster' has Proto-Slavic roots and has retained its original Slavic meaning as opposed to the Western European concept of a 'master' ruling over a 'servant.' |
| Somali | The word "sayid" in Somali can also mean "sheik" or "spiritual leader", and is derived from the Arabic word "sayyid", meaning "lord" or "master." |
| Spanish | "Maestro" can also refer to an established musician, or an authoritative teacher |
| Sundanese | The word "juragan" in Sundanese also means "captain" or "head" of a group or organization. |
| Swahili | The word "bwana," meaning "master" in Swahili, is derived from the Persian word "khan," which also means "master" or "lord." |
| Swedish | "Bemästra" shares the root word "mästare", or expert, with "mästerverk", meaning masterpiece. |
| Tagalog (Filipino) | Etymology possibly rooted in 'pa-ginoong', which meant 'to make someone a lord' in Old Tagalog. |
| Tajik | In Arabic, "Ustad" (أستاذ) means "teacher or professor" and is also used as a title of respect for craftsmen and artisans. |
| Tamil | "குரு" (master) is also the name of the planet Jupiter in Tamil astrology. |
| Telugu | The Telugu word 'మాస్టర్' ('master') is borrowed from the Sanskrit word 'मस्तृ' ('mastu') meaning 'chief' or 'head of household' and also shares the same origin with the English word 'minister' via the Latin 'magister'. |
| Thai | ปรมาจารย์ (paramācārya) means the highest teacher of knowledge or an expert in any field, and is derived from Sanskrit. |
| Turkish | The word "usta" is also used to refer to a craftsman or skilled worker in a particular trade or craft. |
| Ukrainian | The Ukrainian word "майстер" (master) is related to the Latin "magister" (teacher) and the German "Meister" (craftsman). |
| Urdu | The word "ماسٹر" (master) in Urdu can also mean "teacher" or "expert". |
| Uzbek | In Uzbek, "usta" can also refer to a highly skilled worker, particularly in traditional crafts such as carpentry or metalworking. |
| Vietnamese | The word "bậc thầy" can also mean "ancestor" or "grandparent". |
| Welsh | In Welsh, 'meistr' comes from Latin 'magister', having also been used to mean 'priest' and 'teacher' |
| Xhosa | In Xhosa, "inkosi" also refers to a chief, a person of high rank or authority, or a respected elder. |
| Yiddish | The noun בעל, when used to address one's partner, may also sometimes imply the person is "in possession" of their partner. |
| Yoruba | In Yoruba, "oluwa" can also refer to God or a highly respected person. |
| Zulu | In Zulu, 'inkosi' is a term of respect originally meaning 'chief' or 'king,' but now also used to address a general manager or any person one respects. |
| English | The word 'master' derives from the Latin word 'magister', which means 'teacher'. |