Afrikaans bestuur | ||
Albanian menaxhoj | ||
Amharic ያስተዳድሩ | ||
Arabic يدير | ||
Armenian կառավարել | ||
Assamese ব্যৱস্থাপনা কৰা | ||
Aymara apnaqaña | ||
Azerbaijani idarə etmək | ||
Bambara mara | ||
Basque kudeatu | ||
Belarusian кіраваць | ||
Bengali পরিচালনা | ||
Bhojpuri बंदोबस्त कईल | ||
Bosnian upravljati | ||
Bulgarian управлявам | ||
Catalan gestionar | ||
Cebuano pagdumala | ||
Chinese (Simplified) 管理 | ||
Chinese (Traditional) 管理 | ||
Corsican gestisce | ||
Croatian upravljati | ||
Czech spravovat | ||
Danish styre | ||
Dhivehi ބެލެހެއްޓުން | ||
Dogri प्रबंध करना | ||
Dutch beheren | ||
English manage | ||
Esperanto administri | ||
Estonian haldama | ||
Ewe kpɔ edzi | ||
Filipino (Tagalog) pamahalaan | ||
Finnish hallita | ||
French gérer | ||
Frisian beheare | ||
Galician xestionar | ||
Georgian მართვა | ||
German verwalten | ||
Greek διαχειρίζονται | ||
Guarani mongu'e | ||
Gujarati મેનેજ કરો | ||
Haitian Creole jere | ||
Hausa sarrafa | ||
Hawaiian hoʻokele | ||
Hebrew לנהל | ||
Hindi प्रबंधन | ||
Hmong tswj | ||
Hungarian kezelni | ||
Icelandic stjórna | ||
Igbo jikwaa | ||
Ilocano imanehar | ||
Indonesian mengelola | ||
Irish bhainistiú | ||
Italian gestire | ||
Japanese 管理する | ||
Javanese ngatur | ||
Kannada ನಿರ್ವಹಿಸು | ||
Kazakh басқару | ||
Khmer គ្រប់គ្រង | ||
Kinyarwanda gucunga | ||
Konkani हाताळचें | ||
Korean 꾸리다 | ||
Krio manej | ||
Kurdish rêvebirin | ||
Kurdish (Sorani) بەڕێوەبردن | ||
Kyrgyz башкаруу | ||
Lao ຈັດການ | ||
Latin manage | ||
Latvian pārvaldīt | ||
Lingala kosala | ||
Lithuanian valdyti | ||
Luganda okusobola | ||
Luxembourgish managen | ||
Macedonian управува | ||
Maithili प्रबंध | ||
Malagasy hitantam- | ||
Malay mengurus | ||
Malayalam നിയന്ത്രിക്കുക | ||
Maltese tmexxi | ||
Maori whakahaere | ||
Marathi व्यवस्थापित करा | ||
Meiteilon (Manipuri) ꯁꯦꯟꯅꯕ | ||
Mizo enkawl | ||
Mongolian удирдах | ||
Myanmar (Burmese) စီမံခန့်ခွဲ | ||
Nepali प्रबन्ध गर्नुहोस् | ||
Norwegian få til | ||
Nyanja (Chichewa) sungani | ||
Odia (Oriya) ପରିଚାଳନା କରନ୍ତୁ | ||
Oromo bulchuu | ||
Pashto سمبالول | ||
Persian مدیریت کردن | ||
Polish zarządzać | ||
Portuguese (Portugal, Brazil) gerir | ||
Punjabi ਪ੍ਰਬੰਧ ਕਰਨਾ, ਕਾਬੂ ਕਰਨਾ | ||
Quechua kamachiy | ||
Romanian administra | ||
Russian управлять | ||
Samoan puleaina | ||
Sanskrit प्रबंधनं | ||
Scots Gaelic riaghladh | ||
Sepedi laola | ||
Serbian управљати | ||
Sesotho laola | ||
Shona maneja | ||
Sindhi انتظام ڪريو | ||
Sinhala (Sinhalese) කළමනාකරණය කරන්න | ||
Slovak spravovať | ||
Slovenian upravljati | ||
Somali maamul | ||
Spanish gestionar | ||
Sundanese ngatur | ||
Swahili dhibiti | ||
Swedish klara av | ||
Tagalog (Filipino) pamahalaan | ||
Tajik идора кардан | ||
Tamil நிர்வகிக்கவும் | ||
Tatar идарә итү | ||
Telugu నిర్వహించడానికి | ||
Thai จัดการ | ||
Tigrinya ኣተሓሕዛ | ||
Tsonga fambisa | ||
Turkish yönetmek | ||
Turkmen dolandyrmak | ||
Twi (Akan) toto | ||
Ukrainian управляти | ||
Urdu انتظام کریں | ||
Uyghur باشقۇرۇش | ||
Uzbek boshqarish | ||
Vietnamese quản lý | ||
Welsh rheoli | ||
Xhosa lawula | ||
Yiddish פירן | ||
Yoruba ṣakoso | ||
Zulu phatha |
| Language | Etymology / Notes |
|---|---|
| Afrikaans | Bestuur is derived from the Dutch word "besturen", which means "to govern" or "to rule". |
| Albanian | The Albanian word "menaxhoj" originates from the Latin word "manus", meaning "hand" and "agere", meaning "to act". |
| Amharic | The term "ያስተዳድሩ" in Amharic can also refer to the concept of "being accountable". |
| Arabic | The Arabic word “يدير” also means “to turn around” or “to revolve”. |
| Azerbaijani | The verb "idarə etmək" in Azerbaijani is derived from the Persian word "idare", meaning "administration", "government", or "management". |
| Basque | The word “kudeatu” comes from the word “kudu”, which means “thing, object”, and the suffix “-tu”, which means “to make, to do”. |
| Belarusian | The word "кіраваць" can also mean "to drive" or "to govern." |
| Bengali | The Bengali word "পরিচালনা" can also refer to "handling" or "controlling" something. |
| Bosnian | 'Upravljati' comes from the Slavic verb 'upraviti' meaning to set upright, straighten or put into order, and 'upravljati' means to manage, direct or control something. |
| Bulgarian | The Bulgarian word "управлявам" comes from the French "gouverner" (to govern), which itself comes from the Latin "gubernare" (to steer a ship). |
| Catalan | The Catalan word "gestionar" comes from the Latin word "gestio," which means "action" or "carrying out." |
| Cebuano | Pagdumala can also mean 'to control' or 'to govern' |
| Chinese (Simplified) | 管理 is composed of 管, meaning “taking care of”, and 理, meaning “sorting out or organizing”. |
| Chinese (Traditional) | "管理" (manage) originally meant "to govern" in Chinese, but its meaning has since expanded to include the more general sense of "to manage or control." |
| Corsican | The Corsican word gestisce comes from the Latin word gestio, which means "to carry out" or "to administer." |
| Croatian | The Croatian word "upravljati" ultimately derives from the Proto-Indo-European root "*werǵ-", which also gives rise to the English words "work" and "wright". It is cognate with the Russian word "управлять" (upravlyatʹ), which also means "manage". |
| Czech | The Czech word “spravovat” derives from a Proto-Slavic root *sъprāviti, meaning “to correct, rectify,” and is related to “justice.” |
| Danish | The word "styre" is also used in Danish to refer to the steering wheel of a vehicle. |
| Dutch | The word "beheren" in Dutch also means "to guard" or "to protect". |
| Esperanto | Esperanto's "administri" (manage) derives from the French "administrer" (to administer) and Latin "administrare" (to serve). |
| Estonian | The English word "haphazard" comes from "haldama" via Swedish, a word related to "halve" as in to cut something into two halves |
| Finnish | The word "hallita" comes from the Proto-Finnic verb *halda- which means "to own" |
| French | "Gérer" derives from the Latin "gerere" (to carry), suggesting the carrying of burdens or responsibilities associated with management. |
| Frisian | In Old Frisian "beheare" also meant: to govern, to rule. |
| Galician | The Galician word "xestionar" (manage) derives from the Latin "gestio" (carrying) and carries with it the connotation of 'handling' or 'administrating' resources. |
| Georgian | The word "მართვა" also means "to steer" or "to govern" in Georgian. |
| German | The German word "verwalten" ultimately derives from the Latin word "valēre," meaning "to be strong or healthy"} |
| Greek | The Greek word "διαχειρίζονται" is derived from the root "χειρ" (hand), implying a literal sense of "handling" or "manipulating" something. |
| Gujarati | The word "મેનેજ કરો" in Gujarati originates from the French word "ménage" which means "household". This in turn stems from the Latin word "manere" meaning "to stay or remain". |
| Haitian Creole | In Haitian Creole, the word "jere" can also mean "to get ready" or "to prepare". |
| Hausa | 'Sarrafa' in Hausa also refers to the occupation of a trader who buys and sells currency. |
| Hawaiian | Hoʻokele also means to navigate or steer. |
| Hebrew | The Hebrew word לנהל (manage) derives from the root נהל (path, channel), implying the act of guiding or directing along a specific course. |
| Hindi | The word "प्रबंधन" also means "arrangement" or "organisation" in Hindi. |
| Hmong | The word "tswj" may have once meant "to control or manipulate," as in the phrase "tswj neeb," which means "to control oneself." |
| Hungarian | The word "kezelni" is derived from the Turkish word "kezel", meaning "to control". |
| Icelandic | The word "stjórna" originates from the Old Norse word "stýra" meaning "to direct" or "to rule". |
| Igbo | The Igbo word 'jikwaa' has additional meanings of 'govern,' 'control,' 'rule,' and 'direct.' |
| Indonesian | In archaic Javanese, mengelola meant 'to hold or wield something', suggesting a sense of controlled possession or manipulation. |
| Irish | "Bainistiú" is derived from the Old Irish word "bain", meaning "woman" or "wife", and "stíoghtha", meaning "steward" or "manager". |
| Italian | The word "gestire" derives from the Latin word "gerere," which means "to bear" or "to carry." |
| Japanese | 管理する can also mean to govern, control, or supervise. |
| Javanese | The word 'ngatur' originally meant 'to order' or 'to arrange', and can also refer to 'to organize' or 'to plan'. |
| Kannada | The word "ನಿರ್ವಹಿಸು" comes from the Sanskrit word "निर्वाह" (nirvāha), which means "sustenance" or "maintenance." |
| Kazakh | The word "басқару" also means "to lead" or "to control". |
| Korean | 꾸리다 can also mean 'to arrange,' 'to gather up,' or 'to assemble'. |
| Kurdish | The word 'rêvebirin' in Kurdish shares the same etymology with the Persian word 'ravandar' meaning 'leader' or 'guide'. |
| Lao | ຈັດການ can also mean 'organize', as in a plan that needs to be set up or a place that needs to be decluttered, in addition to 'manage'. |
| Latin | "Manage" derives from Latin manu agere, "to lead or drive by the hand," hence to handle, manage, or guide. |
| Latvian | The Latvian word "pārvaldīt" has Germanic roots and is related to the English word "govern" |
| Lithuanian | The Lithuanian word "valdyti" is derived from the Indo-European root *wel- which means "to turn, roll, command". |
| Luxembourgish | In Luxembourgish, "managen" can also mean "to negotiate" or "to handle difficult situations"} |
| Macedonian | The word "управува" can also refer to the act of governing or administering something. |
| Malagasy | The word "hitantan-" can also mean "to arrange" or "to organize". |
| Malay | This word can be used in the abstract sense of 'control' or the concrete sense of 'manage'. |
| Maltese | The word "tmexxi" may have originated from the Latin word "temerē", meaning "reckless", or from the Phoenician word "tāmak", meaning "to possess". |
| Maori | Whakahaere is related to haka, the ceremonial dance performed by the Māori people of New Zealand. |
| Marathi | The word "व्यवस्थापित करा" in Marathi is derived from the Sanskrit word "व्यवस्था" meaning "arrangement" or "system". It can also mean "to set in order", "to organize", "to provide for", or "to control". |
| Mongolian | The word "удирдах" also means "to lead" or "to command". |
| Norwegian | "Få til" literally means "bring to," like bringing a ship to shore. |
| Nyanja (Chichewa) | The word "sungani" in Nyanja (Chichewa) also means "to put in order" or "to arrange." |
| Pashto | The word "سمبالول" can also mean "to handle" or "to control" in Pashto. |
| Persian | The English word "manage" also means to "tame" or "control" an animal |
| Polish | "Zarządzać" comes from the word "rząd", which means "row" or "order" in Polish. |
| Portuguese (Portugal, Brazil) | In addition to "manage," "gerir" can also mean "direct" or "control" in Portuguese. |
| Punjabi | The verb 'manage' comes from the Latin word 'manus', meaning 'hand', signifying control or handling. |
| Romanian | "Administra" in Romanian also means "to feed" and ultimately derives from the Latin "ministrare," meaning "to serve". |
| Russian | The word управлять in Russian can also mean to steer or control a vehicle or machinery. |
| Samoan | The word "puleaina" in Samoan can also refer to governing or controlling. |
| Scots Gaelic | The verb "riaghladh" can also refer to "controlling" or "governing". |
| Serbian | The verb "управљати" is also used to refer to driving a vehicle or controlling a mechanism. |
| Sesotho | The word "laola" in Sesotho also means "to rule or to govern". |
| Shona | Shona, the 'maneja' word derives from the verb 'kuzvarira', meaning 'to arrange' or 'to order'. |
| Sindhi | The word "انتظام ڪريو" ("manage") comes from the Arabic word "نظم" (nizm), meaning "order". It can also mean to "control" or "organize". |
| Slovak | The word "spravovať" in Slovak is derived from the Proto-Slavic root *praviti, meaning "to rule, to govern". |
| Slovenian | The word "upravljati" can also mean "govern" or "administer". |
| Somali | Somali word maamul (manage) derives from the Arabic word ``'amal`'' (work). |
| Spanish | "Gestionar" comes from the Latin "gestio, -onis," which means "act of carrying" or "administration of business." |
| Sundanese | "Ngatur" can also mean to arrange or organize something. |
| Swahili | "Dhibiti" is derived from the Arabic word "dhabata," meaning "to control" or "to restrain." |
| Swedish | The word 'klara av' can also mean 'to make headway' or 'to clear up'. |
| Tagalog (Filipino) | "Pamahalaan" can refer to the act of administration, as well as the body that administers - i.e. the government. |
| Tajik | The word "идора кардан" can also mean "to direct" or "to control". |
| Thai | จัดการ can also mean 'to fix', 'to repair', or 'to deal with'. |
| Turkish | "Yönetmek" (manage) comes from the Persian word "rahna", meaning "way". |
| Ukrainian | The Ukrainian word "управляти" can also mean "to rule" or "to govern". |
| Urdu | The Urdu word انتظام کریں is derived from the Arabic word انتظام, which originally meant 'a string of pearls,' 'a pearl necklace,' and 'a row of beads or other objects'. |
| Uzbek | In Uzbek, "boshqarish" (manage) derives from the verb "boshqa" (direct), signifying its role in guiding and controlling. |
| Vietnamese | The Vietnamese word "quản lý" is derived from the Chinese characters "管" (to control) and "理" (to order), and also has the meanings of "to administer" and "to govern". |
| Welsh | The word "rheoli" in Welsh also means "to control" or "to govern". |
| Xhosa | "Lawula" also means "to guide, direct, or control something or someone." |
| Yiddish | "פֿירן" comes from the German "führen" and is related to the English "fare" and "ferry" |
| Yoruba | Ṣakoso can also mean "to direct" or "to oversee" in Yoruba. |
| Zulu | The Zulu word 'phatha' can also mean 'to control'. |
| English | The word "manage" comes from the Latin word "manus," meaning "hand," and originally referred to handling or controlling something with one's hands. |