Afrikaans taal | ||
Albanian gjuhe | ||
Amharic ቋንቋ | ||
Arabic لغة | ||
Armenian լեզու | ||
Assamese ভাষা | ||
Aymara aru | ||
Azerbaijani dil | ||
Bambara kan | ||
Basque hizkuntza | ||
Belarusian мова | ||
Bengali ভাষা | ||
Bhojpuri भाखा | ||
Bosnian jezik | ||
Bulgarian език | ||
Catalan llenguatge | ||
Cebuano sinultian | ||
Chinese (Simplified) 语言 | ||
Chinese (Traditional) 語言 | ||
Corsican lingua | ||
Croatian jezik | ||
Czech jazyk | ||
Danish sprog | ||
Dhivehi ބަސް | ||
Dogri भाशा | ||
Dutch taal | ||
English language | ||
Esperanto lingvo | ||
Estonian keel | ||
Ewe gbegbᴐgblᴐ | ||
Filipino (Tagalog) wika | ||
Finnish kieli | ||
French langue | ||
Frisian taal | ||
Galician lingua | ||
Georgian ენა | ||
German sprache | ||
Greek γλώσσα | ||
Guarani ñe'ẽ | ||
Gujarati ભાષા | ||
Haitian Creole lang | ||
Hausa harshe | ||
Hawaiian ʻōlelo | ||
Hebrew שפה | ||
Hindi भाषा: हिन्दी | ||
Hmong lus | ||
Hungarian nyelv | ||
Icelandic tungumál | ||
Igbo asụsụ | ||
Ilocano lengguahe | ||
Indonesian bahasa | ||
Irish teanga | ||
Italian linguaggio | ||
Japanese 言語 | ||
Javanese basa | ||
Kannada ಭಾಷೆ | ||
Kazakh тіл | ||
Khmer ភាសា | ||
Kinyarwanda ururimi | ||
Konkani भास | ||
Korean 언어 | ||
Krio langwej | ||
Kurdish ziman | ||
Kurdish (Sorani) زمان | ||
Kyrgyz тил | ||
Lao ພາສາ | ||
Latin lingua | ||
Latvian valodu | ||
Lingala lokota | ||
Lithuanian kalba | ||
Luganda olulimi | ||
Luxembourgish sprooch | ||
Macedonian јазик | ||
Maithili भाषा | ||
Malagasy fiteny | ||
Malay bahasa | ||
Malayalam ഭാഷ | ||
Maltese lingwa | ||
Maori reo | ||
Marathi इंग्रजी | ||
Meiteilon (Manipuri) ꯂꯣꯜ | ||
Mizo tawng | ||
Mongolian хэл | ||
Myanmar (Burmese) ဘာသာစကား | ||
Nepali भाषा | ||
Norwegian språk | ||
Nyanja (Chichewa) chilankhulo | ||
Odia (Oriya) ଭାଷା | ||
Oromo afaan | ||
Pashto ژبه | ||
Persian زبان | ||
Polish język | ||
Portuguese (Portugal, Brazil) língua | ||
Punjabi ਭਾਸ਼ਾ | ||
Quechua simi | ||
Romanian limba | ||
Russian язык | ||
Samoan gagana | ||
Sanskrit भाषा | ||
Scots Gaelic cànan | ||
Sepedi polelo | ||
Serbian језик | ||
Sesotho puo | ||
Shona mutauro | ||
Sindhi ٻولي | ||
Sinhala (Sinhalese) භාෂාව | ||
Slovak jazyk | ||
Slovenian jezik | ||
Somali luqadda | ||
Spanish idioma | ||
Sundanese basa | ||
Swahili lugha | ||
Swedish språk | ||
Tagalog (Filipino) wika | ||
Tajik забон | ||
Tamil மொழி | ||
Tatar тел | ||
Telugu భాష | ||
Thai ภาษา | ||
Tigrinya ቋንቋ | ||
Tsonga ririmi | ||
Turkish dil | ||
Turkmen dili | ||
Twi (Akan) kasa | ||
Ukrainian мова | ||
Urdu زبان | ||
Uyghur تىل | ||
Uzbek til | ||
Vietnamese ngôn ngữ | ||
Welsh iaith | ||
Xhosa ulwimi | ||
Yiddish שפּראַך | ||
Yoruba ede | ||
Zulu ulimi |
| Language | Etymology / Notes |
|---|---|
| Afrikaans | The word "Taal" in Afrikaans can also refer to a specific language variety spoken in the Western Cape Province of South Africa. |
| Albanian | "Gjuhe" derives from the Proto-Indo-European root *ǵʰéw- ( |
| Arabic | The Arabic word |
| Armenian | The word "լեզու" (language) in Armenian also refers to "speech" or "tongue." |
| Azerbaijani | In Azerbaijani, "dil" also refers to the specific accent with which a language is spoken, and can be used figuratively to describe the ability to speak in a particular style or manner. |
| Basque | In Basque "hizkuntza" originates from *hiz|*k(h)u|*n|*tz|*a which translates roughly to "the means to speak or utter sounds". |
| Belarusian | The word "мова" in Belarusian originally meant "speech" or "utterance" and is related to the verb "мовить" (to speak). |
| Bengali | ভাষা (bhāṣā) derives from Sanskrit and also denotes "speech" or "speaking", while "script" is denoted by the word "lipi". |
| Bosnian | Jezik is a South Slavic word that originally meant "people" or "tribe", and is related to the English word "tongue". |
| Bulgarian | The Bulgarian word 'език' also means 'tongue', as they share a common Indo-European root. |
| Catalan | The word "llenguatge" derives from the Latin "lingua" (tongue) and originally referred to both language and speech. |
| Cebuano | 'Sinultian' is derived from 'sulti,' which in turn comes from the Sanskrit 'shruta,' meaning 'to hear' or 'heard'. |
| Chinese (Simplified) | "语言" 也指能表示一定意义的符号体系,如机器语言、音乐语言、数学语言等。 |
| Chinese (Traditional) | 語言 can also mean ‘speech’ or ‘argument’ |
| Corsican | In Corsican, "lingua" can also mean "tongue" or "mouthpiece". |
| Croatian | The word 'jezik' is also a cognate of 'jež', meaning 'hedgehog', and likely shares a Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'spiny' or 'sharp'. |
| Czech | The Czech word "jazyk" also means "tongue" and is cognate with the English word "tongue". |
| Danish | "Sprog" is the Danish word for "language", and can also be used to refer to "speech" or "dialect." |
| Dutch | Taal can also refer to the 'tongue' in Dutch. |
| Esperanto | Esperanto's "lingvo" also means "nation" in Esperanto, or "ethnic group" in English. |
| Estonian | The Estonian word “keel” also refers to the keel of a boat or other vessels. |
| Finnish | Related to the words "kieli"= "tongue" and "kielenkanta"= "language family" in Finnish |
| French | "Langue" can also refer to a tongue (body part) in French, with the origin of word coming ultimately from Latin "lingua" (tongue of any vertebrate). |
| Frisian | The name of the West Frisian language is a cognate of the word for 'speech' in English. |
| Georgian | The word |
| German | The word 'Sprache' originates from the Proto-Indo-European root 'sprek' meaning 'to speak', also found in the Old Norse word 'sprak' and even the English word 'speak'. |
| Greek | Γλώσσα (tongue) got its meaning from the fact that in ancient Greece the term 'γλῶττα' was used to denote the part of the body of the animal that was eaten first. |
| Gujarati | "ભાષા" can also mean 'utterance' or 'sound' in Gujarati. |
| Haitian Creole | In Haitian Creole, "lang" can also refer to a people's culture, history, and traditions. |
| Hausa | "Harshe" in Hausa also means "tongue, speech, dialect." |
| Hawaiian | ʻŌlelo also means to share words or thoughts. |
| Hebrew | The Hebrew word 'שפה' ('language') also means 'lip' or 'edge', highlighting the role of the mouth in speech. |
| Hindi | भाषा शब्द संस्कृत के 'भाष' ('बोलना') धातु से बना है, जिसका अर्थ मौखिक अभिव्यक्ति से है। |
| Hmong | The word "lus" in Hmong also means "tongue" or "speech". |
| Hungarian | The Hungarian word nyelvis thought to derive from the Proto-Uralic term *ńelke, meaning "tongue". |
| Icelandic | The Icelandic word "tungumál" literally means "tongue-speech". |
| Igbo | The Igbo word 'asụsụ' can also refer to 'speech' or 'dialect'. |
| Indonesian | "Bahasa" comes from the Sanskrit word "bhasa," which means both "language" and "speech." |
| Irish | The Irish word for language 'teanga' can also refer to 'tongue'. |
| Italian | The word 'linguaggio' derives from the Latin word 'lingua,' meaning 'tongue,' connecting speech to taste and articulation. |
| Japanese | 言語 can also refer to specific types of language, such as programming languages or sign languages. |
| Javanese | "Basa" in Javanese is also the word for "traditional" or "old" and can be used in the context of customs and norms. |
| Kannada | The word "ಭಾಷೆ" (language) is derived from the Sanskrit word "भाष्" (to speak) and refers to the ability to express thoughts and ideas through sounds, symbols, or gestures. |
| Kazakh | "Тіл" also means "tongue" in Kazakh, and is closely related to the Chinese word for "language", "語" (yǔ). |
| Khmer | The word "ភាសា" comes from the Sanskrit word "भाषा" (bhāṣā), which originally meant "speech, sound, noise". |
| Korean | The word "언어" (language) in Korean also has the meaning of "agreement between two or more parties". |
| Kurdish | Ziman also refers to a 'tong, a metal plate or a keyhole plate' in some Kurdish dialects such as the Mukri dialect. |
| Kyrgyz | The word "тил" has cognates in Proto-Turkic "*til" and Proto-Mongolic "*del" which both meant "written sign". |
| Lao | The Lao word ພາສາ (pasa) comes from Sanskrit and refers to speech, words, or the means of communication. |
| Latin | Lingua also refers to the fleshy projection on the lower jaw of sea urchins. |
| Latvian | In Lithuanian, the word "valodas" refers to both "languages" as well as "governments or authorities". |
| Lithuanian | Possibly derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *ḱel- 'to speak' but might also relate to the Proto-Baltic root *kalb- 'to speak, talk' |
| Luxembourgish | The word "Sprooch" can also refer to the speech of a person or a group of people. |
| Macedonian | The Macedonian word 'јазик' is also used to refer to the muscular organ in the mouth. |
| Malagasy | The Malagasy word "fiteny" is derived from the Proto-Austronesian word *pitěn, which also means "knowledge". |
| Malay | Bahasa is also used to refer to any system of communication, such as the language of symbols, gestures, or music. |
| Malayalam | The word "bhaasha" ultimately derives from the Sanskrit "bhaash" meaning "to speak" and can also mean "speech" or "dialect" in Malayalam. |
| Maltese | Maltese "lingwa" derives from "lingua", the Latin word for language, but is also used to refer to the Maltese language specifically. |
| Maori | The word "reo" in Maori not only means "language" but also refers to a shared worldview and cultural identity. |
| Marathi | The word “इंग्रजी” in Marathi originates from the Prakrit form of the Sanskrit word “अङ्ग्रेज़ी” (meaning “English”), which in turn derived from the name of the region of Anglia in England (via Persian). |
| Mongolian | The word хэл (''language'') in Mongolian can also refer to a specific form of speech or dialect. |
| Nepali | The word "भाषा" may have originated from two Sanskrit words "भाष" (speech) and "या" (to go), meaning "that which can be spoken." |
| Norwegian | Språk in Norwegian has the alternate meaning of 'speech', and is cognate with the English word 'sprack', meaning 'lively' or 'animated'. |
| Nyanja (Chichewa) | The word 'chilankhulo' can also refer to a proverb or a riddle. |
| Pashto | The word "ژبه" (language) in Pashto is derived from the Persian word "زبن" (tongue), suggesting its connection to the act of speaking. |
| Persian | The word "زبان" (zabān) in Persian has additional meanings besides "language", including "tongue" and "speech organ". |
| Polish | The word "język" in Polish also means "tongue", "speech", "dialect" or "a piece of fabric". |
| Portuguese (Portugal, Brazil) | Originating from Latin "lingua" (tongue), "língua" also refers to the human tongue anatomically and linguistically in Portuguese. |
| Punjabi | The word "ਭਾਸ਼ਾ" (language) in Punjabi is derived from Sanskrit and also means "expression" or "way of speaking." |
| Romanian | The word "limba" derives from the Latin word "lingua", meaning "tongue", suggesting the close association between language and the act of speaking. |
| Russian | The word "язык" initially meant "people" and came to mean "language" in the old Slavonic language. |
| Samoan | The word "gagana" in Samoan also means "to speak" or "to talk". |
| Scots Gaelic | In Scots Gaelic, 'cànan' can also mean a religious creed or a prophecy. |
| Serbian | The Serbian word "Језик" ("jezik") is derived from the Proto-Slavic word "*językъ", which originally meant "tongue". |
| Sesotho | In the phrase 'puo ya moya' ('mother tongue'), 'puo' refers to the ability to speak a language rather than the language itself. |
| Shona | 'Mutauro' shares a root with the verb 'kutaura' (to speak), highlighting the close connection between language and communication. |
| Sindhi | In Sindhi, the word "ٻولي" (boli) not only means "language" but also refers to "speech" and "dialect." |
| Sinhala (Sinhalese) | The word භාෂාව derives from Sanskrit and it can also mean 'knowledge', 'expression' and 'the act of speaking'. |
| Slovak | The word "Jazyk" in Slovak can also refer to "tongue" as an organ. |
| Slovenian | The word "jezik" also means "tongue" in Slovenian, reflecting the close connection between language and the physical act of speaking. |
| Somali | The Somali word "luqadda" can also mean "the way of speaking" or "the manner of expressing oneself." |
| Spanish | "Idioma" originally meant "style" or "manner of speaking" in Greek, but it was later adopted by Latin to refer to the particular system of sounds, grammar, and vocabulary used by a specific group of people. |
| Sundanese | In Sundanese, "basa" can also refer to the sound made by an animal. |
| Swahili | Lugha originated in the Proto-Bantu root *luga "to speak," which also gave rise to Kiluba-Lunda ludimi "tongue, speech, language," among others. |
| Swedish | "Språk" is also the Swedish word for "tongue" and "speech organ." |
| Tagalog (Filipino) | The word "wika" in Tagalog is also used to refer to a specific language, usually one's own. |
| Tajik | The word "забон" can also refer to the "art of speaking" or "eloquence" in Tajik. |
| Tamil | மொழி also translates to 'speak', and it carries that original meaning in certain contexts. |
| Telugu | The word "భాష" (language) in Telugu is also used to refer to a specific dialect or a script. |
| Thai | The word "ภาษา" can also refer to "speech" or "the art of speaking" |
| Turkish | The Turkish word "dil" also means "heart" or "spirit", reflecting the deep connection between language and identity. |
| Ukrainian | 'Мова' in Ukrainian can also mean 'speech' or a 'way of speaking', emphasizing the performative aspect of language. |
| Urdu | The Urdu word "زبان" (zabān "tongue, language") originates from the Persian word "زبان" (zabān) and is cognate with English "tongue." |
| Uzbek | The word "til" also means "script" and "knowledge" in Uzbek. |
| Vietnamese | "Ngôn ngữ" comes from "ngôn" (speech) and "ngữ" (character), meaning "expressive tool". |
| Welsh | The Welsh word "iaith" is derived from the Proto-Celtic word *yēxtā, meaning "speech" or "utterance." |
| Xhosa | Xhosa word "ulwimi" originates from the concept of "speech" or "oral expression," and it can also refer to a person's ability to speak or sing. |
| Yiddish | The Yiddish word "shprakh" originally meant "speech" or "conversation". |
| Yoruba | The Yoruba word 'ede' also means 'mouth' and 'speech', indicating the close relationship between language and these concepts. |
| Zulu | The Zulu word 'ulimi' is derived from the Proto-Bantu noun *limi, which means 'tongue' and is related to the verb '-lima', meaning 'to taste'. |
| English | The word 'language' originates from Old French 'lange' meaning 'tongue' and also refers to the system of structured communication. |