Judgment in different languages

Judgment in Different Languages

Discover 'Judgment' in 134 Languages: Dive into Translations, Hear Pronunciations, and Uncover Cultural Insights.

Updated on March 6, 2024

The concept of 'judgment' is a fundamental aspect of human cognition and social interaction. It refers to the process of forming an opinion or decision after considering evidence or arguments. Judgment is significant in various cultural contexts, as it shapes our perspectives, values, and behaviors.

Throughout history, the notion of judgment has been explored in philosophy, literature, and religion. For instance, in Judeo-Christian tradition, the Day of Judgment is a future event in which God will judge the actions of all humanity. Meanwhile, in legal contexts, judgment refers to the final decision made by a judge or jury in a court case.

Understanding the translation of 'judgment' in different languages can provide valuable insights into how other cultures perceive and approach this complex concept. Here are a few examples:

  • In Spanish, 'judgment' is translated as 'juicio'
  • In French, 'judgment' is translated as 'jugement'
  • In German, 'judgment' is translated as 'Urteil'
  • In Mandarin Chinese, 'judgment' is translated as '裁决' (cái jué)
  • In Japanese, 'judgment' is translated as '判断' (hан tan)

Exploring the nuances of 'judgment' in different languages can enrich our understanding of this concept and deepen our appreciation for the diversity of human thought and expression.

Judgment


Judgment in Sub-Saharan African Languages

Afrikaansoordeel
The word "oordeel" in Afrikaans derives from the Middle Dutch "oordel", meaning "sentence" or "verdict".
Amharicፍርድ
"ፍርድ" can also mean "fate, destiny, or retribution."
Hausahukunci
In Arabic, the word 'hukunci' means 'legal', and in Turkish, it means 'verdict'.
Igboikpe
"Ikpe" can also mean "case" or "lawsuit" in Igbo.
Malagasyfitsarana
"Fitsarana" may also refer to a Malagasy dance involving divination through trance.
Nyanja (Chichewa)chiweruzo
The word "chiweruzo" can also refer to a "fine" or "penalty".
Shonamutongo
Mutongo also refers to a traditional court or gathering place where judgments and rulings are made in Shona culture.
Somalixukunka
The word "xukunka" is derived from the Arabic word "hukm", meaning "rule" or "decree".
Sesothokahlolo
The word "kahlolo" is not a noun, but the present-progressive form of the verb "ho ahlola" (to judge).
Swahilihukumu
The word 'hukumu' in Swahili can also mean a law, a decree, or a verdict, and it is derived from the Arabic word 'hukm'.
Xhosaumgwebo
The word "umgwebo" also means "a boundary" or "a division" in Xhosa.
Yorubaidajọ
The Yoruba word "idajọ" not only means "judgment," but also "court."
Zuluukwahlulela
Ukwahlulela is also used as a synonym for 'punishment' when referring to a sentence carried out on someone who has been found guilty of an offense.
Bambarakiritigɛ
Eweʋɔnudɔdrɔ̃
Kinyarwandaurubanza
Lingalakosambisama
Lugandaokusalawo
Sepedikahlolo
Twi (Akan)atemmu a wɔde ma

Judgment in North African & Middle Eastern Languages

Arabicحكم
The word "حكم" can also mean "rule", "decree", or "sentence".
Hebrewפְּסַק דִין
In Biblical Hebrew, פְּסַק דִין also meant "lawsuit" or "legal matter"
Pashtoقضاوت
In Pashto, the word "قضاوت" (judgment) also has extended meanings, including "decision" and "conclusion".
Arabicحكم
The word "حكم" can also mean "rule", "decree", or "sentence".

Judgment in Western European Languages

Albaniangjykim
The Albanian word "gjykim" is derived from the Latin word "iudicium", meaning "judgment" or "court decision".
Basqueepaia
Epaia comes from the Proto-Basque *ebai, which also means "sentence," "norm," and "law."
Catalanjudici
The Catalan word "judici" ultimately derives from the Latin word "iudicium," which also means "lawsuit" or "trial."
Croatianosuda
The word 'osuda' is of Slavic origin and originally meant both 'condemnation' and 'sentence'.
Danishdom
The Danish word "dom" originates from the Old Norse "dómr" meaning both "judgment" and "decision of a court."
Dutchoordeel
The Dutch word "oordeel" derives from the Old Germanic "or-deil", meaning "origin or source" (compare "ordeal").
Englishjudgment
The word "judgment" can also refer to the process of making a decision or forming an opinion.
Frenchjugement
The French word “jugement” has an alternate legal meaning of 'a judgment call' or 'a professional opinion'.
Frisianoardiel
Oardiel is derived from the Old Frisian word "ordil", meaning "judgment" or "verdict".
Galicianxuízo
In Galician, "xuízo" also means "intellect, understanding, or reason".
Germanbeurteilung
The word "Beurteilung" is derived from the Old High German word "biot", meaning "act of judging" or "opinion".
Icelandicdómur
The word "dómur" in Icelandic also means "cathedral" and derives from the Latin word "domus" meaning "house".
Irishbreithiúnas
The Irish word "breithiúnas" also means "sovereignty" and derives from the Proto-Celtic root *bretix, meaning "judgment" or "sovereign power."
Italiangiudizio
An alternate meaning of the word "giudizio" in Italian is "good sense or prudence."
Luxembourgishuerteel
The word “Uerteel” likely comes from the French “arbitraire”, meaning “judgment”, or from the German “Urteil”, which has the same meaning.
Malteseġudizzju
The Maltese word "ġudizzju" originates from the Arabic word "quḍḍī" and also means "divine judgment".
Norwegiandømmekraft
The Norwegian word "dømmekraft" derives from the verb "dømme", which means "to judge" and also refers to a person's "discernment or good sense".
Portuguese (Portugal, Brazil)julgamento
The word "julgamento" originally meant a "gathering" before acquiring its current meaning of "judgment" or "sentence".
Scots Gaelicbreitheanas
Breitheanas is also the genitive plural of breith, meaning "birth" or "origin".
Spanishjuicio
"Juicio" can also mean trial, process, lawsuit, sense, understanding, opinion, discretion, maturity, sanity, reason, or wisdom.
Swedishdom
The Swedish word "dom" can also refer to a cathedral, especially the Uppsala Cathedral in Sweden.
Welshbarn
The word 'barn' in Welsh can also refer to the judgment made by a court or a decision reached in a contest.

Judgment in Eastern European Languages

Belarusianмеркаванне
"Меркаванне" can also mean "belief" or "opinion".
Bosnianosuda
The word "osuda" in Bosnian also means "fate" or "destiny"
Bulgarianпреценка
The word "преценка" can also refer to an evaluation or an assessment in Bulgarian.
Czechrozsudek
"Rozsudek" in Czech can also refer to the act of judging or the process of forming an opinion.
Estoniankohtuotsus
"Kohtuotsus" derives from "koht" (place) and "otsus" (decision), thus reflecting the act of reaching a decision in court.
Finnishtuomio
In Finnish, the word "tuomio" also refers to rowan or mountain ash trees and their berries.
Hungarianítélet
"Ítélet" not only means "judgment" but also "sentence" and "opinion".
Latvianspriedumu
In addition to "judgment," "spriedumu" can also mean "a decision made by a court of law".
Lithuaniansprendimas
It is related to the Proto-Indo-European words
Macedonianсудење
The Macedonian word "судење" (judgment) shares the same root with the word "судбина" (destiny) and can also mean "trial" (a legal proceeding).
Polishosąd
"Osąd" derives from the verb "osądzić" meaning "to judge, to settle, to pass sentence" and is related to the word "siedzieć" - "to sit".
Romanianhotărâre
The Romanian word "hotărâre" can also mean "determination" or "resolution", derived from the Latin "hortari" (to urge, to encourage).
Russianсуждение
The Russian word "суждение" (judgment) is derived from the Old Church Slavonic "судити" (to judge), which is cognate with the English "suit" (legal action).
Serbianпресуда
The word "пресуда" is derived from the Slavic root "sąd", which means "court" or "lawsuit".
Slovakrozsudok
In Slovak, "rozsudok" also refers to a statement of conclusion in a logical argument or a decision in a court case.
Slovenianobsodba
The word 'obsodba' also means 'condemnation' in Slovenian, emphasizing the negative connotation associated with judgment.
Ukrainianсудження
The Ukrainian word "судження" can also mean "opinion" or "inference".

Judgment in South Asian Languages

Bengaliরায়
The word "রায়" in Bengali has multiple meanings, including a legal decision, a monarch's order, or an opinion.
Gujaratiચુકાદો
"ચુકાદો" (judgment) in Gujarati comes from the Sanskrit word "śakta","meaning able or competent.
Hindiप्रलय
The word "प्रलय" comes from the Sanskrit root "pra" (destruction) and "li" (dissolution), and can refer to the end of the world or a major catastrophe.
Kannadaತೀರ್ಪು
The Kannada word "ತೀರ್ಪು" (tīrpu) can also refer to a settlement or a decision made by a court of law.
Malayalamന്യായവിധി
The word ന്യായവിധി comes from the Sanskrit word 'nyāya', meaning 'justice', and 'vidhi', meaning 'rule' or 'law'.
Marathiनिर्णय
The word "निर्णय" also means "decision", "conclusion", and "determination" in Marathi.
Nepaliनिर्णय
The word "निर्णय" is derived from the Sanskrit word "नि" (ni), meaning "to lead down" or "to settle", and "रण" (ran), meaning "battle" or "contest", hence signifying a final decision or conclusion.
Punjabiਨਿਰਣਾ
"ਨਿਰਣਾ" (judgment) is also used to refer to the final decision or verdict made by a court or jury.
Sinhala (Sinhalese)විනිශ්චය
විනිශ්චය ('viṉishchaya') in Sinhala also denotes 'firm determination', akin to its Sanskrit root that translates to 'firm'
Tamilதீர்ப்பு
The Tamil word "தீர்ப்பு" can also refer to an opinion or belief.
Teluguతీర్పు
The Telugu word "తీర్పు" can also refer to a verdict or sentence passed by a court or judge.
Urduفیصلہ
The root meaning of "فیصلہ" in Urdu is "decision" and it is derived from the Arabic word "فصل", which means "to separate".

Judgment in East Asian Languages

Chinese (Simplified)判断
"判" can also mean to distinguish or discern.
Chinese (Traditional)判斷
"判斷" can also mean "to guess" or "to estimate"
Japanese判定
The kanji "定" in "判定" means "fixed" and "不" means "not", implying the finality of the judgment.
Korean심판
"심판" (judgment) in Korean also means a referee, umpire, or judge in a sports match.
Mongolianшүүлт
Шүүлт may derive from "шигтэх" ("to penetrate"), indicating its function in separating right from wrong.
Myanmar (Burmese)တရားသဖြင့်စီရင်ခြင်း
The word "judgment" originates from the Latin "iudicium" or "iūs," and is often used interchangeably with terms such as "verdict," "sentence," and "ruling."

Judgment in South East Asian Languages

Indonesianpertimbangan
The word "pertimbangan" in Indonesian also means "consideration" or "deliberation".
Javanesepangadilan
The Javanese word "pangadilan" can also refer to a "law enforcement officer" or a "magistrate".
Khmerការវិនិច្ឆ័យ
The word "ការវិនិច្ឆ័យ" can also refer to the act of evaluating something or to the opinion or decision that is formed as a result of evaluation.
Laoການຕັດສິນໃຈ
In Buddhist philosophy, ການຕັດສິນໃຈ means 'the power of discrimination through which a person can distinguish between right and wrong, good and evil; the ability to make judgments'.
Malaypenghakiman
In Malay, the word "penghakiman" also refers to the process of judging or evaluating.
Thaiวิจารณญาณ
วิจารณญาณ comes from two words, วิจารณ์, meaning analyze or criticize, and ญาณ, meaning wisdom.
Vietnamesesự phán xét
The Vietnamese word "sự phán xét" can also mean "opinion" or "criticism".
Filipino (Tagalog)paghatol

Judgment in Central Asian Languages

Azerbaijanimühakimə
The word "mühakimə" in Azerbaijani can also refer to a "dispute" or "argument".
Kazakhүкім
The Kazakh word "үкім" also carries the meanings of "verdict", "sentence", and "punishment".
Kyrgyzсот
The word "сот" in Kyrgyz is derived from the Old Turkic word "sot", meaning "to decide" or "to judge".
Tajikҳукм
In Tajik, “ҳукм” can also mean “sentence,” “decree,” “command,” “rule,” or “law.”
Turkmenhöküm
Uzbekhukm
“Hukm” in Uzbek refers to a religious decree, a command from a judge, or a sentence
Uyghurھۆكۈم

Judgment in Pacific Languages

Hawaiianhoʻokolokolo
Hoʻokolokolo may also mean "to inquire" and "to interrogate"
Maoriwhakawakanga
Whakawakanga's meaning is multifaceted, encompassing adjudication, evaluation, and discernment
Samoanfaamasinoga
In the Bible, faamasinoga is also used to describe God's actions when judging people, as seen in the passage in Leviticus 10:6 where a similar phrase was used to describe God's judgment against Nadab and Abihu.
Tagalog (Filipino)paghatol
The word "paghatol" is also used figuratively to mean "verdict" or "a decision that has been reached after consideration or deliberation."

Judgment in American Indigenous Languages

Aymarataripañataki
Guaranijuicio rehegua

Judgment in International Languages

Esperantojuĝo
The Esperanto word "juĝo" also shares its root with the Latin word "iudicium", from which the English word "jury" is derived.
Latinjudicium
The term "judicium" in Latin can also refer to a trial or legal proceeding.

Judgment in Others Languages

Greekκρίση
The noun 'κρίση' traces roots to the verb 'κρίνω', which originally meant 'to separate' before acquiring its more specific meaning.
Hmongkev txiav txim
The Hmong word "kev txiav txim" comes from the Proto-Hmong-Mien word *tʃuŋ *tʃɔŋ, meaning "to guess, to decide, to judge."
Kurdishbiryar
The word "biryar" also refers to a traditional Kurdish meeting where disputes are resolved and consensus is sought.
Turkishyargı
The word "yargı" in Turkish also refers to the judiciary or court system.
Xhosaumgwebo
The word "umgwebo" also means "a boundary" or "a division" in Xhosa.
Yiddishמשפּט
The Yiddish word "משפּט" also means "legal proceeding" or "lawsuit".
Zuluukwahlulela
Ukwahlulela is also used as a synonym for 'punishment' when referring to a sentence carried out on someone who has been found guilty of an offense.
Assameseবিচাৰ
Aymarataripañataki
Bhojpuriफैसला कइल जाला
Dhivehiޙުކުމެވެ
Dogriफैसला करना
Filipino (Tagalog)paghatol
Guaranijuicio rehegua
Ilocanopanangukom
Kriojɔjmɛnt
Kurdish (Sorani)حوکمدان
Maithiliनिर्णय
Meiteilon (Manipuri)ꯋꯥꯌꯦꯜ ꯄꯤꯕꯥ꯫
Mizororelna a ni
Oromomurtii kennuu
Odia (Oriya)ବିଚାର
Quechuataripay
Sanskritन्यायः
Tatarхөкем
Tigrinyaፍርዲ
Tsongaku avanyisa

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