Afrikaans instruksie | ||
Albanian udhëzim | ||
Amharic መመሪያ | ||
Arabic تعليمات | ||
Armenian հրահանգ | ||
Assamese নিৰ্দেশনা | ||
Aymara yatichawi | ||
Azerbaijani təlimat | ||
Bambara kalan kɛli | ||
Basque instrukzioa | ||
Belarusian інструкцыя | ||
Bengali নির্দেশ | ||
Bhojpuri निर्देश दिहल गइल बा | ||
Bosnian uputstva | ||
Bulgarian инструкция | ||
Catalan instrucció | ||
Cebuano panudlo | ||
Chinese (Simplified) 指令 | ||
Chinese (Traditional) 指令 | ||
Corsican struzzione | ||
Croatian uputa | ||
Czech návod | ||
Danish instruktion | ||
Dhivehi އިންސްޓްރަކްޝަން | ||
Dogri निर्देश | ||
Dutch instructie | ||
English instruction | ||
Esperanto instrukcio | ||
Estonian juhendamine | ||
Ewe nufiame | ||
Filipino (Tagalog) pagtuturo | ||
Finnish ohje | ||
French instruction | ||
Frisian ynstruksje | ||
Galician instrución | ||
Georgian ინსტრუქცია | ||
German anweisung | ||
Greek εντολή | ||
Guarani instrucción rehegua | ||
Gujarati સૂચના | ||
Haitian Creole enstriksyon | ||
Hausa wa'azi | ||
Hawaiian ʻōlelo aʻo | ||
Hebrew הוראה | ||
Hindi अनुदेश | ||
Hmong kev qhia | ||
Hungarian utasítás | ||
Icelandic kennsla | ||
Igbo ntụziaka | ||
Ilocano instruksion | ||
Indonesian petunjuk | ||
Irish treoir | ||
Italian istruzione | ||
Japanese 命令 | ||
Javanese pandhuan | ||
Kannada ಸೂಚನಾ | ||
Kazakh нұсқаулық | ||
Khmer ការណែនាំ | ||
Kinyarwanda amabwiriza | ||
Konkani सुचोवणी दिवप | ||
Korean 교수 | ||
Krio instrɔkshɔn | ||
Kurdish ders | ||
Kurdish (Sorani) ڕێنمایی | ||
Kyrgyz көрсөтмө | ||
Lao ຄຳ ແນະ ນຳ | ||
Latin disciplinam | ||
Latvian instrukcija | ||
Lingala malako | ||
Lithuanian instrukcija | ||
Luganda okulagira | ||
Luxembourgish uweisunge | ||
Macedonian инструкција | ||
Maithili निर्देश | ||
Malagasy fampianarana | ||
Malay arahan | ||
Malayalam നിർദ്ദേശം | ||
Maltese istruzzjoni | ||
Maori tohutohu | ||
Marathi सूचना | ||
Meiteilon (Manipuri) ꯏꯅꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯛꯁꯟ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ꯫ | ||
Mizo zirtirna pek a ni | ||
Mongolian заавар | ||
Myanmar (Burmese) ညွှန်ကြားချက် | ||
Nepali निर्देशन | ||
Norwegian instruksjon | ||
Nyanja (Chichewa) malangizo | ||
Odia (Oriya) ନିର୍ଦ୍ଦେଶ | ||
Oromo qajeelfama | ||
Pashto لارښود | ||
Persian دستورالعمل | ||
Polish instrukcja | ||
Portuguese (Portugal, Brazil) instrução | ||
Punjabi ਹਦਾਇਤ | ||
Quechua yachachiy | ||
Romanian instrucțiune | ||
Russian инструкция | ||
Samoan faʻatonuga | ||
Sanskrit निर्देशः | ||
Scots Gaelic stiùireadh | ||
Sepedi taetšo | ||
Serbian упутство | ||
Sesotho thuto | ||
Shona kuraira | ||
Sindhi هدايت | ||
Sinhala (Sinhalese) උපදෙස් | ||
Slovak poučenie | ||
Slovenian navodila | ||
Somali tilmaamaha | ||
Spanish instrucción | ||
Sundanese pitunjuk | ||
Swahili maelekezo | ||
Swedish instruktion | ||
Tagalog (Filipino) tagubilin | ||
Tajik дастур | ||
Tamil அறிவுறுத்தல் | ||
Tatar күрсәтмә | ||
Telugu సూచన | ||
Thai คำแนะนำ | ||
Tigrinya መምርሒ ምሃብ | ||
Tsonga xiletelo | ||
Turkish talimat | ||
Turkmen görkezme | ||
Twi (Akan) nkyerɛkyerɛ | ||
Ukrainian інструкція | ||
Urdu ہدایت | ||
Uyghur كۆرسەتمە | ||
Uzbek ko'rsatma | ||
Vietnamese chỉ dẫn | ||
Welsh cyfarwyddyd | ||
Xhosa umyalelo | ||
Yiddish אינסטרוקציע | ||
Yoruba itọnisọna | ||
Zulu imfundo |
| Language | Etymology / Notes |
|---|---|
| Afrikaans | The Afrikaans word "instruksie" can also refer to a formal or written order issued by an authority. |
| Albanian | The Albanian word "udhëzim" is derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *weg-, meaning "to lead" or "to guide". |
| Amharic | The word "መመሪያ" in Amharic can also refer to "a code of conduct" or "a set of rules". |
| Arabic | In addition to its primary meaning of "instruction," تعليمات (taʿlīmāt) can also refer to a "lesson" or "directive." |
| Armenian | The word "հրահանգ" derives from the Middle Persian word "frahang" meaning "learning" or "instruction." |
| Azerbaijani | The word "təlimat" in Azerbaijani can also refer to a "guideline" or a "directive". |
| Basque | "Instruzioa" may also refer to "educate" (instruitu)} |
| Belarusian | The word "інструкцыя" in Belarusian also means "recipe", sharing its etymology with "ingredients" and "instrument". |
| Bengali | The word 'নির্দেশ' also means 'indication' or 'symptom' in Bengali, originating from the Sanskrit root 'निर्दिश्' ('nirdiś') meaning 'to point out' or 'to show'. |
| Bosnian | Upute is a variant of uputstva commonly used in dialects in eastern Bosnia. |
| Bulgarian | In Russian "инструкция" can also refer to a musical instrument (woodwind or brass) used to teach musical notation and fingering. |
| Catalan | "Instrucció" also means a preliminary proceeding carried out by a judge or magistrate. |
| Cebuano | The term "panudlo" also means "guidance" or "teaching". |
| Chinese (Simplified) | The word "指令" can also mean "directive" or "order". |
| Chinese (Traditional) | The word "指令" (zhǐlìng) in Chinese can also mean "order" or "command". |
| Corsican | In Corsican, the word "struzzione" also means "teaching" and "explanation". |
| Croatian | The word 'uputa' in Croatian also means 'guideline', 'direction', or 'advice'. |
| Czech | "Návod", in the Czech Republic, can also refer to a device which can be attached to the front of one's car to warn oncoming traffic of potential hazards." |
| Danish | The Danish word 'instruktion' can also refer to a theatrical play or a musical score, both of which provide instructions for performance. |
| Dutch | The Dutch word "instructie" can also mean "regulation" or "order". |
| Esperanto | The word "instrukcio" ultimately comes from the Latin word "instructio", meaning "arrangement, equipment, order, instruction". |
| Estonian | The word can be used for guidance, such as navigating through unknown territory. |
| Finnish | "Ohje" also means "recipe" in Finnish, reflecting the historical importance of precise directions in both cooking and crafting. |
| French | The French word «instruction» can also mean "education", "teaching" or "schooling." |
| Frisian | 'Ynstruksje' derives from the Latin 'instructio', which means 'arrangement' or 'equipment'. |
| Galician | In Galician, "instrución" not only refers to "instruction", but also to the process of educating someone or the set of rules or guidelines provided to do something correctly. |
| Georgian | The word "ინსტრუქცია" is derived from the Latin word "instructio", meaning "to furnish with knowledge or information", and also has the alternate meaning of "a set of rules or guidelines for doing something". |
| German | The word "Anweisung" originally referred to a "direction" or "way shown" and has retained this meaning in some legal and technical contexts. |
| Greek | The Greek word "εντολή" can also refer to an official order or mandate, particularly in a religious or legal context. |
| Gujarati | The Gujarati word "સૂચના" (instruction) stems from the Sanskrit word "सूचना" (information, notice), which itself derives from the verb "सूच्" (to inform, to make known). |
| Haitian Creole | The word "enstriksyon" in Haitian Creole derives from the French word "instruction" and can also mean "schooling" or "education". |
| Hausa | The Hausa word “wa’azi” (instruction) is also used in the sense of a "religious sermon". |
| Hawaiian | 'Ōlelo aʻo' is also used to refer to the Hawaiian language or speaking in Hawaiian. |
| Hebrew | The Hebrew word "הוראה" primarily means "instruction" or "teaching", but also carries additional meanings such as "law", "command", "rule", and "direction". |
| Hindi | 'अनुदेश' also refers to a teacher's guidance or a code of conduct. |
| Hmong | The word "kev qhia" can be interpreted literally as "to be pointed at". |
| Hungarian | In Hungarian, the word "utasítás" can also refer to a type of command given by a superior to a subordinate. |
| Icelandic | The word "kennsla" can also mean "knowledge" or "science" in Icelandic, reflecting its shared root with the verb "kenna" (to know). |
| Igbo | "Ntụziaka" also means "prescription" and is also derived from "zi" which means "follow", so "follow this". |
| Indonesian | "Petunjuk" also means "signs" or "evidences" in Indonesian. |
| Irish | The word 'treoir' can also mean 'to teach' or 'to direct'. |
| Italian | In Italian the word "istruzione" can also mean "education", "schooling", or "training" |
| Japanese | The kanji used in 命令 (めいれい) also appear in the word 銘柄 (めいがら), which means "brand name". |
| Javanese | Although its modern meaning implies a formal and didactic context, its root word “tuhu” also signifies a deep and spiritual understanding akin to that of wisdom or gnosis. |
| Kannada | ಸೂಚನಾ's root 'ಸೂಚ್' means signal or indicate; it has a homophone in 'ಸುಚ್', meaning beautiful, so in earlier usage, could sometimes mean 'adornment'. |
| Kazakh | The word "нұсқаулық" is derived from the Arabic word "نُسْخَةٌ" (nūskhah), meaning "copy" or "version". The Arabic word in turn traces its roots to the Latin word "nōscō", meaning "to get to know". |
| Khmer | The word ការណែនាំ (pronounced kar neaneam) originally referred to the teaching of Buddhist scriptures and doctrines |
| Korean | “교수” can also be a verb meaning to teach, but its current usage is mainly used as a noun. |
| Kurdish | The word "ders" in Kurdish is derived from the Persian word "dars" meaning "lesson" or "teaching." |
| Kyrgyz | The word "көрсөтмө" is also commonly used in Kyrgyzstan to refer to an official document or directive. |
| Latin | The word "disciplinam" also means "study" or "branch of knowledge" in Latin. |
| Latvian | The word "instrukcija" can also refer to a legal document or a set of rules. |
| Lithuanian | The Lithuanian word "instrukcija" is of Latin origin and also shares the meaning "to build, to construct". |
| Luxembourgish | "Uweisunge" is cognate with the German "Anweisung" and also means "order" or "indication." |
| Macedonian | The word "инструкција" has another meaning - "tool used by a craftsman". |
| Malagasy | "Fampianarana" is derived from the root word "fampianatra" which means "to teach" or "to cause to learn." |
| Malay | In addition to meaning "instruction," the Malay word "arahan" can also refer to a guideline, a directive, a command, or an order. |
| Malayalam | The word "നിർദ്ദേശം" can be split into two parts: "നിർ" meaning "away" and "ദേശം" meaning "country". Thus, it literally means "sending away from a country" or "exile". |
| Maltese | The Maltese word 'istruzzjoni' can also refer to an official document, such as a passport or visa. |
| Maori | The word tohutohu can also refer to the carved figures on the prow of a Māori canoe. |
| Marathi | The word 'सूचना' (instruction) in Marathi is derived from the Sanskrit word 'su' (good) and 'chana' (to move), denoting 'a good movement' or 'a good practice'. |
| Mongolian | Derived from the Mongolian verb 'заах' (meaning 'to show' or 'to demonstrate'), "заавар" also carries the additional meaning of 'guidance' or 'directive'. |
| Nepali | "निर्देशन" also denotes providing directions in terms of geographical locations. |
| Norwegian | The word "instruksjon" can also refer to a legal document containing regulations or guidelines. |
| Nyanja (Chichewa) | "Malangizo" also means "direction" or "rule". |
| Pashto | Also can mean 'an advice' or 'a suggestion'. |
| Polish | The etymology of "instrukcja" traces back to the Latin "instruere" meaning "to build in, fit out". |
| Portuguese (Portugal, Brazil) | The Portuguese word "instrução" can also refer to education or learning, and is derived from the Latin word "instruere", meaning "to build up" or "to train". |
| Romanian | In Romanian, "instrucțiune" can also mean "criminal case file" or "military regulation." |
| Russian | The Russian word "инструкция" (instruction) also carries the connotation of "directions" or "user's guide." |
| Samoan | The word "fa'atonuga" in Samoan can also mean "direction", "advice", or "teaching". |
| Serbian | The word "упутство" in Serbian can also mean a "prescription" or "direction". |
| Sesotho | The word "thuto" can also refer to the knowledge imparted during instruction or the process of learning itself. |
| Shona | The Shona word "kuraira" can also mean "to inherit" or "to succeed to" something. |
| Sindhi | "هدايت" derives from Arabic, where it also means guidance, enlightenment, and leading to the right path. |
| Sinhala (Sinhalese) | The Sinhala word "උපදෙස්" can also refer to advice, guidance, or admonishment. |
| Slovak | The word "poučenie" also has the meaning of "lesson learned" in Slovak. |
| Slovenian | Navodila, meaning 'instruction' in Slovenian, originates from the verb 'navodit', 'to command' or 'to direct' |
| Somali | "Tilmaamaha" is a Somali word for "instruction" derived from the Arabic word "talimat" with the same meaning. |
| Spanish | "Instrucción" in Spanish can also mean "education" and "information." |
| Sundanese | The Sundanese word "pitunjuk" can also mean "guide" or "direction". |
| Swahili | Swahili 'maelekezo' possibly derives from Bantu root '-elekeza' ('to show someone the way'). |
| Swedish | The Swedish word 'instruktion' is a loanword, derived from the French word 'instruction' which in turn originates from the Latin noun 'structio', which means 'arrangement'. |
| Tagalog (Filipino) | The word "tagubilin" can also refer to a will or testament. |
| Tajik | The word "дастур" in Tajik also means "custom" or "law". |
| Tamil | The word "அறிவுறுத்தல்" ("instruction") in Tamil derives from the word "அறிவு" ("knowledge"), suggesting that instruction involves imparting knowledge or imparting guidance. |
| Telugu | The Telugu word "సూచన" also means "suggestion" or "advice". |
| Thai | The word "คำแนะนำ" also means "advice" or "suggestion" in Thai. |
| Turkish | The word "talimat" in Turkish originates from the Arabic language, where it originally meant "order" or "command". |
| Ukrainian | The word "інструкція" comes from the Latin word "instructio," meaning "to build up," and can also refer to a set of rules or directions. |
| Urdu | The word 'ہدایت' also carries the connotation of 'guidance' or 'revelation', particularly in religious contexts. |
| Uzbek | The Uzbek word "ko'rsatma" can also mean "demonstration" or "presentation". |
| Vietnamese | 'Chỉ dẫn' is the Sino-Vietnamese rendition of the Chinese phrase 示導 (shǐdǎo), which can also mean 'to guide'. |
| Welsh | The word 'cyfarwyddyd' can also refer to 'familiarisation' or 'acquaintance' with something. |
| Xhosa | "Umyalelo" also means "a set of instructions or principles governing action or conduct." |
| Yiddish | The Yiddish word |
| Yoruba | The word "itọnisọna" in Yoruba can also mean "counsel" or "advice". |
| Zulu | The Zulu word "imfundo" also means "education" and "wisdom". |
| English | Instruction, from the Latin word 'instruere', can also refer to building or equipping something. |