Afrikaans baklei | ||
Albanian duke luftuar | ||
Amharic መዋጋት | ||
Arabic قتال | ||
Armenian կռվում | ||
Assamese যুঁজ কৰা | ||
Aymara ch'axwasa | ||
Azerbaijani mübarizə | ||
Bambara kɛlɛ | ||
Basque borrokan | ||
Belarusian баі | ||
Bengali লড়াই | ||
Bhojpuri मार-पिटाई | ||
Bosnian borbe | ||
Bulgarian борба | ||
Catalan lluitant | ||
Cebuano nag-away | ||
Chinese (Simplified) 战斗 | ||
Chinese (Traditional) 戰鬥 | ||
Corsican lotta | ||
Croatian borbe | ||
Czech bojování | ||
Danish kæmper | ||
Dhivehi ތަޅާފޮޅުން | ||
Dogri लड़ना | ||
Dutch vechten | ||
English fighting | ||
Esperanto batalado | ||
Estonian võitlus | ||
Ewe le kɔ dam | ||
Filipino (Tagalog) lumalaban | ||
Finnish taistelevat | ||
French combat | ||
Frisian fjochtsje | ||
Galician loitando | ||
Georgian იბრძვის | ||
German kampf | ||
Greek μαχητικός | ||
Guarani ñorairõme | ||
Gujarati લડાઈ | ||
Haitian Creole batay | ||
Hausa fada | ||
Hawaiian e hakakā ana | ||
Hebrew לְחִימָה | ||
Hindi मार पिटाई | ||
Hmong sib ntaus sib tua | ||
Hungarian verekedés | ||
Icelandic berjast | ||
Igbo na-alụ ọgụ | ||
Ilocano panagapa | ||
Indonesian perkelahian | ||
Irish ag troid | ||
Italian combattimento | ||
Japanese 戦い | ||
Javanese gelut | ||
Kannada ಹೋರಾಟ | ||
Kazakh ұрыс | ||
Khmer ការប្រយុទ្ធគ្នា | ||
Kinyarwanda kurwana | ||
Konkani झगडप | ||
Korean 싸움 | ||
Krio de fɛt | ||
Kurdish şer dikin | ||
Kurdish (Sorani) جەنگان | ||
Kyrgyz күрөшүү | ||
Lao ການຕໍ່ສູ້ | ||
Latin pugnatum | ||
Latvian kaujas | ||
Lingala bitumba | ||
Lithuanian kovos | ||
Luganda okulwaana | ||
Luxembourgish kämpfen | ||
Macedonian борба | ||
Maithili लड़ाई | ||
Malagasy ady | ||
Malay bergaduh | ||
Malayalam യുദ്ധം | ||
Maltese ġlied | ||
Maori whawhai | ||
Marathi लढाई | ||
Meiteilon (Manipuri) ꯂꯥꯟ ꯁꯣꯛꯅꯕ | ||
Mizo insual | ||
Mongolian зодолдох | ||
Myanmar (Burmese) တိုက်ပွဲ | ||
Nepali झगडा | ||
Norwegian slåssing | ||
Nyanja (Chichewa) kumenya | ||
Odia (Oriya) ଯୁଦ୍ଧ | ||
Oromo wal loluu | ||
Pashto جګړه | ||
Persian دعوا کردن | ||
Polish walczący | ||
Portuguese (Portugal, Brazil) brigando | ||
Punjabi ਲੜਾਈ | ||
Quechua maqanakuy | ||
Romanian luptă | ||
Russian борьба | ||
Samoan taua | ||
Sanskrit युधि | ||
Scots Gaelic sabaid | ||
Sepedi go lwa | ||
Serbian борећи се | ||
Sesotho ho loana | ||
Shona kurwa | ||
Sindhi ويڙهه | ||
Sinhala (Sinhalese) සටන් | ||
Slovak boj | ||
Slovenian boj | ||
Somali dagaallamaya | ||
Spanish luchando | ||
Sundanese gelut | ||
Swahili kupigana | ||
Swedish stridande | ||
Tagalog (Filipino) lumalaban | ||
Tajik мубориза | ||
Tamil சண்டை | ||
Tatar сугыш | ||
Telugu పోరాటం | ||
Thai การต่อสู้ | ||
Tigrinya ባእሲ | ||
Tsonga ku lwa | ||
Turkish savaş | ||
Turkmen söweşýär | ||
Twi (Akan) reko | ||
Ukrainian бойові дії | ||
Urdu لڑائی | ||
Uyghur ئۇرۇش | ||
Uzbek jang qilish | ||
Vietnamese trận đánh | ||
Welsh ymladd | ||
Xhosa ukulwa | ||
Yiddish פייטינג | ||
Yoruba ija | ||
Zulu ukulwa |
| Language | Etymology / Notes |
|---|---|
| Afrikaans | "Baklei", the Afrikaans word for fighting, derives from the Dutch word "bakkeleien", meaning "to fight" or "to wrangle." |
| Albanian | The term 'duke luftuar' also refers to competitive sports or warfare. |
| Amharic | The term "መዋጋት" not only means actual battle but also can imply a competition or rivalry. |
| Arabic | The Quranic root of the word قتال means both "fighting" and "killing," with the former meaning more common. |
| Armenian | The Armenian word "կռվում" (pronounced "krvum") ultimately derives from the Proto-Indo-European root "*krew-h₂-", meaning "to cut". It is related to the English word "crucify" and the Latin word "cruor" (meaning "blood"). |
| Azerbaijani | The word "mübarizə" can also mean "struggle" or "contention" in Azerbaijani. |
| Basque | The word "borrokan" may derive from the Basque word "borro" (war). |
| Belarusian | The word "баі" can also refer to "warriors" or "knights" in Old Belarusian. |
| Bengali | The term 'লড়াই' can also be used to mean competition or struggle, particularly when used in a figurative or metaphorical sense. |
| Bosnian | Borba is also used figuratively to describe competition between individuals or organizations. |
| Bulgarian | The word "борба" is derived from "бор" (to take), meaning "a seizure" or "a grab". |
| Catalan | The word lluitant can also refer to someone who struggles or resists. |
| Cebuano | It is possible that the Cebuano word "nag-away" is derived from the Proto-Austronesian word *g-away "to fight". |
| Chinese (Simplified) | The word "战斗" in Chinese can also refer to a specific military unit or operation. |
| Chinese (Traditional) | 戰鬥 literally means 'to contend with a battle formation,' with battle '爭' and formation '鬥' |
| Corsican | Corsican « lotta » is a noun derived from the verb « luttà » which is cognate with the Italian verb « lottare » and the French verb « lutter ». |
| Croatian | The word "borba" is derived from the verb "boriti se," meaning "to fight" or "to struggle." |
| Czech | The word "bojování" is derived from the Czech word "boj" which means "fight" or "battle". |
| Danish | The word "kæmper" in Danish can also mean a giant or a troll. |
| Dutch | The word "vechten" originated from the Old Dutch word "vehtan", meaning "to fight" or "to pursue". |
| Esperanto | The word "batalado" is derived from the Spanish word "batalla", meaning "battle". |
| Estonian | "Võitlus" also means "struggle" or "contest" in Estonian. |
| Finnish | Taistelevat, the word for “fighting” in Finnish, has a rich history dating to Proto-Finnic *tæistelewa, which also meant “hunting.” |
| French | "Combative" (belligerent) comes from "combat" in French, which originated from the Latin word "cum batre," meaning "to strike together or to beat." |
| Frisian | The word "fjochtsje" in Frisian can also mean "to argue" or "to quarrel". |
| Galician | The word 'loitando' is derived from the Latin word 'luctare', meaning to struggle or wrestle |
| Georgian | The Georgian word "იბრძვის" can also refer to the act of striving or working hard towards a goal. |
| German | "Kampf" is also used in German to refer to a chess match. |
| Greek | The word "μαχητικός" is derived from the Ancient Greek word "μάχη", meaning "battle" or "conflict." |
| Gujarati | The Gujarati word િલડા ("laḍ́ˈ́ə́") is also used to refer to a type of folk theater performance. |
| Haitian Creole | The word "batay" also means "to work" or "to struggle" in Haitian Creole. |
| Hausa | Hausa word 'fada' also means 'to try' and 'to make an effort' |
| Hawaiian | The Hawaiian word "e hakakā ana" is derived from the Proto-Polynesian root "*faka" meaning "to fight" or "to kill". |
| Hebrew | The word "לְחִימָה" ("fighting") is also used in a metaphorical sense in Hebrew, to refer to "disputes" or "arguments". |
| Hindi | The Hindi word "मार पिटाई" can also refer to a severe scolding or verbal abuse |
| Hmong | The word "sib ntaus sib tua" in Hmong means "to have a fight or argument", and can also refer to "competing" or "trying to outdo someone". |
| Hungarian | The word "verekedés" can also refer to "quarrel" or "dispute" in Hungarian. |
| Icelandic | The word "berjast" is a cognate of the Old Norse word "berjask" which also means "to strike" or "to fight". |
| Igbo | The Igbo word "na-alụ ọgụ" literally translates to "to break bones", indicating the violent and destructive nature of fighting. |
| Indonesian | In Indonesian, "perkelahian" refers not only to physical fighting but also to heated arguments. |
| Irish | The Irish word 'ag troid' derives from the Old Irish word 'treid', meaning 'a fight, a quarrel', and can also refer to 'a contest, a competition' or 'a struggle'. |
| Italian | The word "combattimento" can also refer to a musical composition featuring contrasting themes or sections. |
| Japanese | The word "戦い" can also mean "battle" or "warfare" in Japanese. |
| Javanese | The Javanese word "gelut" is also sometimes used in the sense of "debating." |
| Kannada | The word "ಹೋರಾಟ" in Kannada also has alternate meanings such as "conflict" or "argument". |
| Kazakh | The Kazakh word "ұрыс" can also mean "conflict" or "argument" and is related to the Mongolian word "орос" meaning "battle". |
| Korean | The Korean word '싸움' not only means 'fighting,' but can also be interpreted as 'an exchange of opinions' or 'a heated discussion'. |
| Kurdish | The word 'şer dikin' is derived from the Kurdish words 'şer' (evil) and 'dikin' (to plant), and it can also refer to the act of inciting conflict or discord. |
| Kyrgyz | Күрөшүү in Kyrgyz can also refer to a specific type of wrestling, known as "kursh" or "kurash", which is popular in Central Asia. |
| Latin | Pugnatum derives from the Latin verb pugno, which means "to fight" or "to strike". |
| Latvian | In Lithuanian, "kaujas" means "battle", and in Finnish, "kajauttaa" means "to echo". |
| Lithuanian | The word "kovos" in Lithuanian can also refer to a "fight" or a "battle". |
| Luxembourgish | "Kämpfen" also means "struggling" or "trying hard" in Luxembourgish. |
| Macedonian | The word "борба" also means "struggle" or "effort" in Macedonian. |
| Malagasy | "Ady" comes from the Malay word "adig" (fight) or the Sanskrit word "yuddha" (war). |
| Malay | The word 'bergaduh' could be derived from Persian 'gard' (fighter) with a prefix 'be-'. |
| Malayalam | The word "യുദ്ധം" derives from the Sanskrit word "युद्ध" (yuddha), meaning "combat, war, or battle", and is cognate with the English word "joust". |
| Maori | The word 'whawhai' has multiple meanings in Maori, including 'to oppose', 'to resist', 'to argue', and 'to strive' |
| Marathi | The word "लढाई" can also mean "war" or "battle" in Marathi. |
| Mongolian | The word "зодолдох" is derived from the verb "зодлох", meaning "to fight" or "to struggle". |
| Myanmar (Burmese) | The word 'toik pwe' in Burmese can also mean 'battlefield' or 'contest'. |
| Nepali | The word "झगडा" can also mean "disagreement" or "quarrel" in Nepali. |
| Norwegian | In Bokmål Norwegian, «slåssing» means «fighting», while in Nynorsk Norwegian it refers to smaller scale brawls. |
| Nyanja (Chichewa) | The verb `kumenya` also refers to the process of cultivating a garden, especially involving weeding |
| Pashto | The Pashto term "جґړه" also means "battle" or "warfare". |
| Persian | The word "دعوا کردن" in Persian, though primarily meaning "fighting," can also refer to a heated argument or dispute. |
| Polish | The word "walczący" can also mean "struggling" or "battling".} |
| Portuguese (Portugal, Brazil) | The Portuguese word "brigando" is derived from the Celtic word "briga", meaning "battle" or "strife". |
| Punjabi | The word "ਲੜਾਈ" in Punjabi can also be used to describe an argument or dispute. |
| Romanian | "Luptă" is related to the word "lup" (wolf), so it can also mean "battle" or "fight against adversity." |
| Russian | The word "борьба" can also refer to a type of competition, such as wrestling or boxing. |
| Samoan | The Samoan word 'taua' also carries the meanings of 'battle' and 'armed conflict'. |
| Scots Gaelic | The Gaelic word "sabaid" also means "rest" or "labour". |
| Serbian | The word "boreći se" can also mean "wrestling". |
| Sesotho | In Sesotho, the word "ho loana" carries the additional meaning of "to be victorious". |
| Shona | The word 'kurwa' in Shona can also refer to an argument or quarrel. |
| Sindhi | The Sindhi word “ويڙهه” is derived from the Sanskrit word “युध्” (yudh), meaning “war, battle, combat”. |
| Sinhala (Sinhalese) | The Sinhala word "සටන්" also refers to a type of traditional martial art known as "Angampora." |
| Slovak | The word 'boj' also means 'battle' in old Church Slavonic and 'God' in proto-Slavic. |
| Slovenian | The word "boj" in Slovenian not only means "fighting" but also refers to the old Slavic deity of war Božidar. |
| Somali | Dagalaamaya originated in the phrase 'daa isku rogtay' meaning 'they rubbed their hides against each other', then used as a euphemism for fighting. |
| Spanish | The verb "luchar" (to fight) in Spanish is derived from the Latin "lucta" (struggle) and is related to the English word "lucrative" (profitable). |
| Sundanese | The Sundanese word "gelut" is also used to describe a lively debate or argument. |
| Swahili | The word "kupigana" can also mean "to struggle" or "to compete". |
| Swedish | Stridande, from Old Norse strið, means 'battle' or 'struggle' |
| Tagalog (Filipino) | "Lumalaban" also means "resisting" or "battling" in Tagalog. |
| Tajik | The word “мубориза” has a Persian etymology (Persian “مبارزه mu-bâreze”) and originally meant “competition”. |
| Tamil | The word "சண்டை" can also refer to a quarrel or argument, and is derived from the Proto-Dravidian root *caṇṭa- "to quarrel". |
| Telugu | The term "పోరాటం" can also denote a "struggle" or an "effort." |
| Thai | The Thai word "การต่อสู้" can also refer to a debate or argument. |
| Turkish | In Turkish, "savaş" can also refer to "warfare" or "conflict". |
| Ukrainian | "Бойові дії" in Ukrainian also refers to a military confrontation or combat. |
| Urdu | In addition to its primary meaning of "fighting," the word "لڑائی" can also refer to a "quarrel" or "dispute." |
| Uzbek | The verb "jang qilish" also means "to quarrel." |
| Vietnamese | "Trận" is a Sino-Vietnamese word meaning battle or match, while "đánh" is a native Vietnamese word meaning hit or beat. |
| Welsh | The Welsh word 'ymladd' is etymologically linked to the Breton word 'emgann', both meaning 'battle'. |
| Xhosa | The word "ukulwa" can also refer to a type of dance or a martial art. |
| Yiddish | The Yiddish word "פייטינג" (fighting) is derived from the German word "fechten" (to fight), and is also used to refer to arguing or quarreling. |
| Yoruba | "Ìjà" (fighting) is a Yoruba word whose root, "jà," also means "beating" and "thrashing." |
| Zulu | Ukukwa is the Zulu word for fighting. It can also refer to a ritual battle and a method of self-defense. |
| English | The word "fighting" can also refer to a type of fish, such as the fighting fish or the bluegill sunfish. |