Custom in Different Languages
Discover 'Custom' in 134 Languages: Dive into Translations, Hear Pronunciations, and Uncover Cultural Insights.
Custom
Afrikaans persoonlike | ||
Albanian me porosi | ||
Amharic ብጁ | ||
Arabic مخصص | ||
Armenian սովորույթ | ||
Assamese অনুকুলন কৰা | ||
Aymara isinaka | ||
Azerbaijani adət | ||
Bambara laada | ||
Basque pertsonalizatua | ||
Belarusian звычай | ||
Bengali প্রথা | ||
Bhojpuri रिवाज | ||
Bosnian običaj | ||
Bulgarian персонализиран | ||
Catalan personalitzat | ||
Cebuano batasan | ||
Chinese (Simplified) 习俗 | ||
Chinese (Traditional) 習俗 | ||
Corsican persunalizata | ||
Croatian prilagođen | ||
Czech zvyk | ||
Danish brugerdefinerede | ||
Dhivehi ސަޤާފަތް | ||
Dogri रवाज | ||
Dutch op maat | ||
English custom | ||
Esperanto kutimo | ||
Estonian kohandatud | ||
Ewe dekᴐnu | ||
Filipino (Tagalog) kaugalian | ||
Finnish mukautettu | ||
French douane | ||
Frisian oanpast | ||
Galician personalizado | ||
Georgian ჩვეულება | ||
German benutzerdefiniert | ||
Greek έθιμο | ||
Guarani jepokuaa | ||
Gujarati વૈવિધ્યપૂર્ણ | ||
Haitian Creole koutim | ||
Hausa al'ada | ||
Hawaiian maa | ||
Hebrew המותאם אישית | ||
Hindi रिवाज | ||
Hmong kev cai | ||
Hungarian egyedi | ||
Icelandic sérsniðin | ||
Igbo omenala | ||
Ilocano naibagay | ||
Indonesian adat | ||
Irish saincheaptha | ||
Italian personalizzato | ||
Japanese カスタム | ||
Javanese adat | ||
Kannada ಕಸ್ಟಮ್ | ||
Kazakh әдет | ||
Khmer ទំនៀមទម្លាប់ | ||
Kinyarwanda gakondo | ||
Konkani कस्टम | ||
Korean 커스텀 | ||
Krio wetin kɔmɔn | ||
Kurdish hûnbunî | ||
Kurdish (Sorani) باو | ||
Kyrgyz салт | ||
Lao ປະເພນີ | ||
Latin more | ||
Latvian pasūtījuma | ||
Lingala momeseno | ||
Lithuanian paprotys | ||
Luganda empisa | ||
Luxembourgish personaliséiert | ||
Macedonian обичај | ||
Maithili परिपाटी | ||
Malagasy fanao | ||
Malay adat | ||
Malayalam ഇഷ്ടാനുസൃതം | ||
Maltese drawwa | ||
Maori ritenga | ||
Marathi सानुकूल | ||
Meiteilon (Manipuri) ꯆꯠꯅꯕꯤ | ||
Mizo chindan | ||
Mongolian заншил | ||
Myanmar (Burmese) ထုံးစံ | ||
Nepali कस्टम | ||
Norwegian tilpasset | ||
Nyanja (Chichewa) mwambo | ||
Odia (Oriya) କଷ୍ଟମ୍ | ||
Oromo aadaa | ||
Pashto دود | ||
Persian سفارشی | ||
Polish zwyczaj | ||
Portuguese (Portugal, Brazil) personalizadas | ||
Punjabi ਪ੍ਰਥਾ | ||
Quechua chullachasqa | ||
Romanian personalizat | ||
Russian обычай | ||
Samoan tu ma aga | ||
Sanskrit आचारः | ||
Scots Gaelic gnàthaichte | ||
Sepedi tlwaelo | ||
Serbian обичај | ||
Sesotho tloaelo | ||
Shona tsika | ||
Sindhi رواج | ||
Sinhala (Sinhalese) සිරිත | ||
Slovak zvyk | ||
Slovenian po meri | ||
Somali caado | ||
Spanish personalizado | ||
Sundanese adat | ||
Swahili desturi | ||
Swedish beställnings- | ||
Tagalog (Filipino) pasadya | ||
Tajik одати | ||
Tamil தனிப்பயன் | ||
Tatar гадәт | ||
Telugu కస్టమ్ | ||
Thai กำหนดเอง | ||
Tigrinya ቅቡል ልምዲ | ||
Tsonga ntolovelo | ||
Turkish özel | ||
Turkmen adat | ||
Twi (Akan) amaneɛ | ||
Ukrainian на замовлення | ||
Urdu اپنی مرضی کے مطابق | ||
Uyghur ئادەت | ||
Uzbek odatiy | ||
Vietnamese tập quán | ||
Welsh arferiad | ||
Xhosa isiko | ||
Yiddish מנהג | ||
Yoruba aṣa | ||
Zulu inkambiso |
Etymology & Notes
| Language | Etymology / Notes |
|---|---|
| Afrikaans | "Persoonlike" is derived from the Dutch word "persoonlijk," meaning "personal" or "of a person." |
| Albanian | In ancient Greek, the word "poros" meant "passage", a meaning that passed into Latin as "porus," and hence into Albanian as "me porosi." |
| Amharic | The word "ብጁ" (custom) in Amharic can also mean "habitual practices, norms" or "rituals, ceremonies." |
| Arabic | In Arabic, "مخصص" (custom) shares a root meaning "divide" or "distribute", hinting at its role in distinguishing specific practices from general norms. |
| Azerbaijani | In some Turkic languages, the word "adət" also means "justice" or "law". |
| Basque | The word "pertsonalizatua" derives from the Latin word "persona", meaning "mask" or "character", and was originally used to describe something made or tailored to a specific person. |
| Belarusian | The Belarusian word "звычай" (custom) derives from the Proto-Slavic root "*světъ", meaning "light", suggesting a connection between social norms and the idea of enlightenment. |
| Bengali | In some cases, the word "প্রথা" can also refer to "the practice of a profession" |
| Bosnian | The word "običaj" also refers to a traditional Bosnian folk dance and music genre. |
| Bulgarian | "Персонализиран" is cognate with "personalis" in Latin (personal). |
| Catalan | "Personalitzar" in Catalan comes from the Late Latin "personalisare" and has the same root as the English words "person" and "persona" |
| Cebuano | "Bastan" also means 'habitual practices, routine, and way of life' in Cebuano. |
| Chinese (Simplified) | The traditional meaning of "习俗" is to follow the ancients, imitate the saints, and act in accordance with the way of heaven and earth. |
| Chinese (Traditional) | "習俗" (custom) in Chinese (Traditional) is a combination of two words: "習", meaning "habit" or "practice", and "俗", meaning "common" or "folk". It can also refer to "rites" or "conventions". |
| Corsican | Corsican "persunalizata" derives from Italian "personalizzata" and shares a root with the Latin "persona" (mask). |
| Croatian | The word “prilagođen” is derived from the Old Slavic verb "prilagati," meaning "to apply" |
| Czech | In the Czech language, the word 'zvyk' also refers to 'a habit' or 'a manner' of behavior. |
| Danish | The word "brugerdefinerede" comes from the Danish words "bruger" (user) and "defineret" (defined), and it means "custom" or "user-defined". |
| Dutch | "Op maat" literally means "on measure" referring to something tailored or made to specific dimensions. |
| Esperanto | "Kutim'-o" has the same root as "kutim'-i", meaning "to work", and refers to the way things are done in a particular group or community. |
| Estonian | In Estonian, the word "kohandatud" can refer to the adjustment of something to make it suitable, or to the tradition or practice of a community. |
| Finnish | The Finnish word "mukautettu" also means "trained" or "educated" |
| French | The word "douane" in French is derived from the Arabic word "diwan", meaning "office". It also has the alternate meaning of "chamber of accounts". |
| Frisian | Oanpast in Frisian ultimately stems from the Proto-Indo-European root of an- ( |
| Galician | Although the most common meaning of "personalizado" is "custom", in Galician it can also mean "private" or "confidential". |
| German | Benutzerdefiniert is derived from 'Benutzer' meaning 'user' and 'definiert' from 'definieren' meaning 'to define'} |
| Greek | The word "έθιμο" is derived from the Greek root "ethos," meaning "character" or "habit," and shares a common origin with the English word "ethics." |
| Haitian Creole | "Koutim" is a French loanword derived from "coutume", which can refer to traditional practices or legal procedures. |
| Hausa | The Hausa word for 'custom', 'al'ada', also refers to a system of social norms and values passed down through generations |
| Hawaiian | Maa, meaning "custom," originates from the Proto-Austronesian word "mama," which also means "mother." |
| Hebrew | The Hebrew word "המותאם אישית" ("custom") is derived from the same root as the word "מנהג" ("tradition"), suggesting a connection between custom and tradition. |
| Hindi | The word 'रिवाज' is derived from the Arabic word 'rawaj', meaning 'circulation, currency, or usage'. |
| Hmong | The Hmong word 'kev cai' is also used to refer to 'culture' and 'tradition'. |
| Hungarian | The word "egyedi" is a combination of the Hungarian words "egy" (one) and "edi" (piece). |
| Icelandic | The Icelandic word “sérsniðin” comes from “ser” (“separate”) and “snið” (“cut”), which together mean “custom-made”. |
| Igbo | "Omenala" also refers to a set of principles that guide Igbo people's social and moral conduct. |
| Indonesian | The term 'adat' in Indonesian also encompasses legal, traditional, and communal norms and practices. |
| Irish | Saincheaptha (custom) derives from sen-chep ('old way'), referring both to law and to custom. |
| Italian | "Personalizzato" also means "personalized," likely based on the concept of tailoring to the needs of an individual. |
| Japanese | The word "カスタム" can also mean "tailor-made" or "bespoke" in Japanese. |
| Javanese | In Javanese, 'adat' also connotes the ethical principles that guide societal conduct and interactions. |
| Kannada | "ಕಸ್ಟಮ್" is also a homonym, which means two different words are pronounced the same but differ in origin, meaning and sometimes spelling, like the English terms "seal" (wax) and "seal" (animal)" |
| Kazakh | The word "әдет" also refers to the habit of a horse to graze in a meadow. |
| Khmer | The word "ទំនៀមទម្លាប់" can also refer to traditions, habits, or practices that are passed down from generation to generation. |
| Korean | "커스텀"(custom) 본래 뜻은 "관습", "전통"이나 "의상", "옷"을 뜻하는 말 |
| Kurdish | The word "hûnbunî" can also be used to refer to a person's temperament, behaviour or habits.} |
| Kyrgyz | The Kyrgyz word "салт" also means "manner" or "behavior". |
| Latin | The Latin word "mos" (more) can also refer to a whim or caprice. |
| Latvian | Pasūtījuma derives from the verb 'pasūtīt', meaning 'to order' or 'to ask for something to be made', suggesting a custom-made item. |
| Lithuanian | "Paprotys" also means a "fern" in Lithuanian. |
| Luxembourgish | The word "personaliséiert" is derived from the French word "personnalisé", which means "customized" or "made to order". |
| Macedonian | In Macedonian, the etymology of the word обичај derives from the Old Slavic оби-чай (obi-čaj) and its original meaning was 'habit', 'way of life'. Today it usually denotes a set of traditional rules or practices that are followed by a community. |
| Malagasy | In ancient Malagasy, "fanao" had the meaning of "grave" or "tomb," due to its connection to the ancestral cult. |
| Malay | The word "adat" in Malay holds deep socio-cultural significance, denoting both customary laws and unwritten societal norms. |
| Malayalam | The word 'ഇഷ്ടാനുസൃതം' in Malayalam can also mean 'as desired' or 'according to one's wishes'. |
| Maltese | The Maltese word 'drawwa' is derived from the Arabic root 'daraja', meaning 'step' or 'degree', and can refer to custom, habit, or tradition. |
| Maori | The word 'ritenga' is a Polynesian term also used in the Cook Islands, Niue, Samoa, and Hawaii to refer to traditional practices. |
| Marathi | The word "सानुकूल" in Marathi is derived from the words "स अनुकूल," meaning "to be favorable." |
| Mongolian | In Old Mongolian, the word "заншил" also meant "gift", "tribute", or "fine". |
| Nepali | Custom can also refer to duties or taxes levied on goods imported or exported. |
| Norwegian | The word "tilpasset" derives from the Norwegian word "tilpasse" which means to "adapt" or "fit". |
| Nyanja (Chichewa) | "Mwambos" are customary practices, such as funeral rites, weddings, and initiations, that are essential to Nyanja culture. |
| Pashto | The Pashto word “دود” has a variety of meanings, including 'custom', 'habit', and 'manner', and is derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *dhe- meaning 'to set' or 'put'. |
| Persian | سفارشی originally meant 'by word of mouth' and it is related to the word 'سفارش' (recommendation) which itself comes from the verb 'سپردن' (to give into someone's care). |
| Polish | The word "zwyczaj" can also refer to "habit", "tradition", or "practice" in Polish. |
| Portuguese (Portugal, Brazil) | "Personalizadas" comes from the Latin "personalis," meaning "of a person" or "individual." |
| Punjabi | The Punjabi word "ਪ੍ਰਥਾ" (prathā) is ultimately derived from the Sanskrit word "प्रथा" (prathā), which originally meant "tradition, usage, or practice."} |
| Romanian | The Romanian word "personalizat" derives from the Latin word "personalis", meaning "relating to an individual person" or "private." |
| Russian | The word "обычай" originates from the Old Church Slavonic word "обычь", meaning "order", "usage", or "law". |
| Samoan | "Tu ma aga" can also refer to a "law" or "tradition". |
| Scots Gaelic | The Scots Gaelic word 'gnàthaichte' can also refer to a habitual action or a customary right. |
| Serbian | "Обичај" ('običaj') is a polysemic word with numerous meanings; originally 'usage', now mostly 'custom' or 'law', but also 'fashion' or 'rule' (of a game), occasionally even 'ceremony' or 'ritual'. |
| Sesotho | A second meaning for the word Tloaelo is: “a place or gathering or a council meeting”. |
| Shona | The word "tsika" can also refer to traditional laws, beliefs, and practices. |
| Sindhi | رواج (Sindhi) can also mean 'tradition', 'usage', 'practice' or 'habit'. |
| Sinhala (Sinhalese) | The word "සිරිත" (sirita) in Sinhala can also mean "law", "rule", "tradition", or "habit". |
| Slovak | Zvyk derives from the Proto-Slavic word "suti", meaning "to be" or "to exist". |
| Slovenian | The word po meri can also mean 'according to measure' or 'as ordered'. |
| Somali | The word 'caado' can alternatively mean 'the act of drinking'. |
| Spanish | "Personalizado" in Spanish also refers to being personalized for someone. |
| Sundanese | Adat in Sundanese refers not only to customs, but also to the socio-legal order that governs the community. |
| Swahili | In Kiswahili, the word “desturi” also denotes a practice or habit. |
| Swedish | The word 'beställnings' in Swedish is a compound of 'beställa', meaning 'to order', and '-ning', a derivational suffix indicating an action or process. |
| Tagalog (Filipino) | The word 'pasadya', or custom in Tagalog, is derived from the Sanskrit word 'prasāda', which refers to a gift, favor, or blessing given to a devotee by a god. |
| Tajik | In Tajik, "одат" can also refer to a specific type of law or regulation. |
| Tamil | "தனிப்பயன்" (custom) derives from "தனி" (single) and "பயன்" (profit), and originally meant "one's own private advantage" or "the particular way something benefits someone or something." |
| Telugu | The Telugu word "కస్టమ్" can also refer to a duty or tax imposed on goods being imported or exported. |
| Thai | กำหนดเอง (custom) means both a practice or thing established by tradition and a tax or duty charged on imported goods. |
| Turkish | The word "özel" also means "special" in Turkish, and is related to the Arabic word "wusul" (وصول), meaning "arrival". |
| Ukrainian | The Ukrainian word "на замовлення" literally means "on order", reflecting its historical usage in referring to goods or services made to a customer's specifications. |
| Uzbek | The word "odatiy" has a secondary meaning: "good-natured, gentle" |
| Vietnamese | The word "tập quán" in Vietnamese comes from the Chinese word "習慣", which means "habit" or "usual practice". It is also closely related to the word "tập", which means "to accumulate" or "to gather". |
| Welsh | The term 'arferiad' is derived from the Welsh word 'arfer', which carries meanings of 'habit', 'usage', or 'practice' |
| Xhosa | The word 'isiko' can also refer to a traditional taboo or a sacred practice. |
| Yiddish | The Yiddish word "מנהג" also means "portion, serving," from the Hebrew verb "לנהוג," meaning "to lead, conduct." |
| Yoruba | Asa (custom) relates to the Yoruba concept of "ise" (work and life's purpose) and "orun" (heaven). |
| Zulu | In Zulu, 'inkambiso' also refers to a ceremony where a prospective son-in-law brings gifts to the bride's family. |
| English | The word 'custom' originates from the Latin word 'consuetudo' meaning 'usage' or 'practice', and is related to the words 'habit' and 'costume'. |