Afrikaans kulturele | ||
Albanian kulturore | ||
Amharic ባህላዊ | ||
Arabic ثقافي | ||
Armenian մշակութային | ||
Assamese সাংস্কৃতিক | ||
Aymara cultural sata uñt’atawa | ||
Azerbaijani mədəni | ||
Bambara laadalakow la | ||
Basque kulturala | ||
Belarusian культурнай | ||
Bengali সাংস্কৃতিক | ||
Bhojpuri सांस्कृतिक बा | ||
Bosnian kulturni | ||
Bulgarian културен | ||
Catalan cultural | ||
Cebuano kultura | ||
Chinese (Simplified) 文化 | ||
Chinese (Traditional) 文化 | ||
Corsican culturale | ||
Croatian kulturni | ||
Czech kulturní | ||
Danish kulturel | ||
Dhivehi ސަގާފީ ގޮތުންނެވެ | ||
Dogri सांस्कृतिक | ||
Dutch cultureel | ||
English cultural | ||
Esperanto kultura | ||
Estonian kultuuriline | ||
Ewe dekɔnuwo | ||
Filipino (Tagalog) pangkultura | ||
Finnish kulttuurinen | ||
French culturel | ||
Frisian kultureel | ||
Galician cultural | ||
Georgian კულტურული | ||
German kulturell | ||
Greek πολιτιστικός | ||
Guarani cultural rehegua | ||
Gujarati સંસ્કૃતિક | ||
Haitian Creole kiltirèl | ||
Hausa na al'ada | ||
Hawaiian moʻomeheu | ||
Hebrew תַרְבּוּתִי | ||
Hindi सांस्कृतिक | ||
Hmong kab lis kev cai | ||
Hungarian kulturális | ||
Icelandic menningarlegt | ||
Igbo omenala | ||
Ilocano kultural | ||
Indonesian kultural | ||
Irish cultúrtha | ||
Italian culturale | ||
Japanese 文化的 | ||
Javanese budaya | ||
Kannada ಸಾಂಸ್ಕೃತಿಕ | ||
Kazakh мәдени | ||
Khmer វប្បធម៌ | ||
Kinyarwanda umuco | ||
Konkani सांस्कृतीक | ||
Korean 문화적 | ||
Krio kɔlchɔral | ||
Kurdish çandeyî | ||
Kurdish (Sorani) کولتووری | ||
Kyrgyz маданий | ||
Lao ວັດທະນະ ທຳ | ||
Latin culturae | ||
Latvian kultūras | ||
Lingala culturel | ||
Lithuanian kultūrinis | ||
Luganda eby’obuwangwa | ||
Luxembourgish kulturell | ||
Macedonian културен | ||
Maithili सांस्कृतिक | ||
Malagasy ara-kolontsaina | ||
Malay budaya | ||
Malayalam സാംസ്കാരിക | ||
Maltese kulturali | ||
Maori ahurea | ||
Marathi सांस्कृतिक | ||
Meiteilon (Manipuri) ꯀꯂꯆꯔꯦꯂꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ꯫ | ||
Mizo culture lam hawi | ||
Mongolian соёлын | ||
Myanmar (Burmese) ယဉ်ကျေးမှု | ||
Nepali सांस्कृतिक | ||
Norwegian kulturell | ||
Nyanja (Chichewa) chikhalidwe | ||
Odia (Oriya) ସାଂସ୍କୃତିକ | ||
Oromo aadaa | ||
Pashto کلتوري | ||
Persian فرهنگی | ||
Polish kulturalny | ||
Portuguese (Portugal, Brazil) cultural | ||
Punjabi ਸਭਿਆਚਾਰਕ | ||
Quechua cultural | ||
Romanian cultural | ||
Russian культурный | ||
Samoan aganuu | ||
Sanskrit सांस्कृतिक | ||
Scots Gaelic cultarail | ||
Sepedi setšo | ||
Serbian културни | ||
Sesotho setso | ||
Shona tsika nemagariro | ||
Sindhi ثقافتي | ||
Sinhala (Sinhalese) සංස්කෘතික | ||
Slovak kultúrne | ||
Slovenian kulturni | ||
Somali dhaqan | ||
Spanish cultural | ||
Sundanese budaya | ||
Swahili kitamaduni | ||
Swedish kulturell | ||
Tagalog (Filipino) kultural | ||
Tajik фарҳангӣ | ||
Tamil கலாச்சார | ||
Tatar культуралы | ||
Telugu సాంస్కృతిక | ||
Thai วัฒนธรรม | ||
Tigrinya ባህላዊ | ||
Tsonga ndhavuko | ||
Turkish kültürel | ||
Turkmen medeni | ||
Twi (Akan) amammerɛ mu | ||
Ukrainian культурні | ||
Urdu ثقافتی | ||
Uyghur مەدەنىيەت | ||
Uzbek madaniy | ||
Vietnamese văn hóa | ||
Welsh diwylliannol | ||
Xhosa inkcubeko | ||
Yiddish קולטורעל | ||
Yoruba asa | ||
Zulu amasiko |
| Language | Etymology / Notes |
|---|---|
| Afrikaans | The Afrikaans word "kulturele" shares the same etymology as the English word "culture," derived from the Latin "cultura" meaning "cultivation." |
| Albanian | The word "kulturore" in Albanian also refers to "civilized" or "refined" behavior. |
| Arabic | ثقافي is also used to describe a person who is knowledgeable and well-rounded. |
| Azerbaijani | The word "mədəni" also means "civilized" or "cultured" in Azerbaijani. |
| Basque | The word “kulturala” in Basque is a neologism adapted from Spanish in the 19th century after the Basque orthography was reformed by Arturo Kanpion. |
| Belarusian | Belarusian “культурнай” comes from the Proto-Slavic “*kъltura” which also means "worship" and "religion". |
| Bengali | The word "সাংস্কৃতিক" can also mean "relating to culture" or "having a cultural background". |
| Bosnian | Kulturni literally means 'cultured', and may be applied to people, places, or objects in Bosnian. |
| Bulgarian | "културен" is cognate with the Serbian, Slovak, Czech, Polish, and Russian equivalents of "cultured", as opposed to the unrelated word with the same meaning borrowed from French ("културологичен"). |
| Catalan | In Catalan, "cultural" refers to a "cultivated" or "agricultural" form of land, in addition to its more common meaning of "related to culture". |
| Cebuano | "Kultura" is also used to refer to the soil in which a plant is growing. |
| Chinese (Simplified) | 文化 is also used to refer to 'cultivation' of a person, in the sense of 'raising' or 'refining' their character. |
| Chinese (Traditional) | 文化 derives from 文 and 化, which respectively mean 'character' and 'education, transformation'; it originally pertained to education but later evolved to denote all forms of civilization. |
| Corsican | In Corsican, "culturale" can also refer to a type of agricultural field. |
| Croatian | The word "kulturni" in Croatian can also refer to "cultured" or "refined." |
| Czech | The Czech word "kulturní" is derived from the German word "kulturell", which in turn comes from the Latin word "cultura", meaning "cultivation" or "tilling". |
| Danish | "Kulturel" can also mean "fermented" in some regional dialects. |
| Dutch | In Dutch, "cultureel" can also refer to an activity or event with an elevated cultural status, such as a concert or exhibition. |
| Esperanto | "Kultura" comes from polish language where it means the same as in Esperanto. |
| Estonian | In Estonian, "kultuuriline" (cultural) is also used to refer to something that is refined, sophisticated, or aesthetically pleasing. |
| Finnish | ‘Kulttuurinen’ is a loanword that entered Finnish from German and is cognate to the word ‘culture’. |
| French | The word "culturel" in French can also refer to a microbe culture, in addition to its common meaning of "cultural". |
| Frisian | The Dutch word "cultuur" and the English word "culture" ultimately originate from the Latin word "cultus" which means "worship" (specifically "care of the gods") or, more generally, "cultivation". |
| Galician | Culturalmente (Galician) derives from the Latin "cultura", meaning "to cultivate". |
| Georgian | The word "კულტურული" means "cultural", but it can also be used in a more general sense to mean "pertaining to the cultivation of the mind or the arts." |
| German | The German word "kulturell" can also mean "intellectual" or "refined". |
| Greek | In Greek, “πολιτιστικός” is not only related to culture but can also refer to civilization, refinement, education, and cultivation. |
| Gujarati | "સંસ્કૃતિક" (cultural) can literally mean "of one's own culture" or "native" in Gujarati, similar to "cultural" in English. |
| Haitian Creole | "Kiltirèl" comes from French "culturel" and also means "cultivated, polished". |
| Hausa | The word "na al'ada" in Hausa can also mean "traditional" or "customary." |
| Hawaiian | The word "moʻomeheu" can also mean education or training in Hawaiian. |
| Hebrew | The word תַרְבּוּתִי comes from the root ת-ר-ב meaning to grow or multiply, referring to the idea of cultivation and growth in the context of culture. |
| Hindi | The Hindi word 'सांस्कृतिक' comes from the Sanskrit word 'संस्कृति', which means 'culture, refinement or civilization'. |
| Hmong | The word "kab lis kev cai" can also mean "traditional" or "customary". |
| Hungarian | The word “kulturális” in Hungarian originally meant “civilized”, as opposed to “barbaric,” and is derived from the Latin word “cultura,” meaning “cultivation.” |
| Icelandic | It stems from menning which comes from hugr/huga (`heart`) and minni (`memory`). Historically, it has also meant spiritual and religious life. |
| Igbo | The Igbo word "omenala" derives from the root word "omen" meaning "custom and tradition." |
| Indonesian | The word 'kultural' in Indonesian is derived from the Dutch word 'cultureel' and also refers to traditional arts and customs. |
| Irish | In Irish, 'cultúrtha' is derived from the Latin word 'cultura', meaning 'cultivation', and refers to the development and refinement of knowledge, beliefs, and practices. |
| Italian | The Italian word 'culturale' derives from the Latin 'cultura,' meaning both 'agriculture' and 'cultivation of the mind'. |
| Japanese | While written using the same characters as the English word “culture,” in Japanese, it means “civilized.” |
| Javanese | The word "budaya" in Javanese also means "agriculture" or "farming". |
| Kannada | The word 'ಸಾಂಸ್ಕೃತಿಕ' in Kannada is derived from Sanskrit 'संस्कृत' (saṃskṛta) meaning 'refined', 'cultured', or 'educated' and refers to the refinement and cultivation of human beings, especially through education, art, and literature. |
| Kazakh | The Kazakh word "мәдени" also has the alternate meaning of "educated" and is related to the word "мәдениет" meaning "culture". |
| Khmer | The word "វប្បធម៌" is derived from the Sanskrit words "su" (well) and "budh" (to grasp), meaning "good grasp". |
| Korean | It can be traced back to the Chinese word '文化' (wenhua), which originally meant 'literary education' or 'civilization'. |
| Kurdish | The word "çandeyî" (cultural) in Kurdish also means "beauty" or "aesthetics". |
| Kyrgyz | The word "маданий" (cultural) in Kyrgyz is derived from the Arabic word "مَدني" (madani), which means "civic" or "urban." |
| Latin | The plural form "culturae" in Latin can refer to both "cultural" ideas and the more physical sense of "cultivation," such as agriculture, or cultivation of oneself and one's mind. |
| Latvian | "Kultūras" is derived from the word "kult", meaning "to cultivate". Its meaning is extended to encompass both physical cultivation (of land) and the cultivation of the mind. |
| Lithuanian | "Kultūrinis" (cultural) originates from the verb "kulti" (to cultivate) and shares a root with "kultūra" (culture), "kultas" (cult), "kultūristai" (bodybuilders), "kultūringa" (refined, cultured), and "nekultūringa" (uncultured). |
| Luxembourgish | The word 'kulturell' in Luxembourgish can also refer to something refined or sophisticated. |
| Macedonian | The word 'културен' (cultural) in Macedonian comes from the Latin word 'cultura', which referred to the cultivation of the land. |
| Malagasy | The first part of the word “ara-kolontsaina” “ara” means “time” referring to the concept of “culture” as being a specific moment in history. |
| Malay | The word "budaya" comes from the Sanskrit word "buddhi," meaning "intellect" or "reason." |
| Maltese | Maltese "kulturali" (cultural) also means "interesting" or "entertaining", sharing a root with "kultura" (culture) and "kultivazzjoni" (cultivation). |
| Maori | "Ahurea" also means "mythology" and "traditional teachings". |
| Marathi | The Marathi word for cultural, सांस्कृतिक, derives from the Sanskrit "sanskar," meaning "a refined practice" or "a habit." |
| Mongolian | The Mongolian word "соёлын" is cognate to the Turkic word "söz", meaning "word" or "speech." |
| Nepali | The Hindi word “संस्कृतिक” comes from the Sanskrit word “samskriti”, which means |
| Norwegian | The word 'kulturell' can also refer to the artistic and intellectual life of a society, or to the customs and beliefs of a particular group of people. |
| Nyanja (Chichewa) | The word 'chikhalidwe' also means 'custom' or 'tradition'. |
| Pashto | The Pashto word "کلتوري" (kelturi) is derived from Persian and Sanskrit, and also carries the meaning of "civilized" and "educated". |
| Persian | The word "فرهنگی" can also refer to a person who is knowledgeable about or involved in culture. |
| Polish | The Polish word "kulturalny" also means "polite" or "well-mannered". |
| Portuguese (Portugal, Brazil) | In Portuguese, "cultural" can also mean "cultivated" or "refined". |
| Romanian | The word 'cultural' originated in Germany from 'Kultur' meaning "cultivation or development of the mind", which was subsequently imported into French in 1830 as 'culture'", ultimately arriving in Romania. |
| Russian | The Russian word культурный has more complex connotations, encompassing concepts such as 'cultivation,' 'politeness,' and even 'intelligence'. |
| Samoan | The word "aganuu" in Samoan can also refer to the "way of life" or "traditions" of a particular culture. |
| Scots Gaelic | The Scots Gaelic word "cultarail" can also mean "agriculture" or "cultivation". |
| Serbian | "Културни" means not only "cultural" but also "educated" in Serbian. |
| Sesotho | The word "setso" can also refer to the cultural customs and practices of a particular group of people |
| Sindhi | The literal meaning of the Sindhi word "ثقافتي" is "that which is grown naturally," reflecting its connection to the nurturing and cultivation of culture. |
| Slovak | The word "kultúrne" also refers to a specific genre of Slovak music popular in the early 20th century. |
| Slovenian | The word 'kulturni' can also refer to a specific type of cultural event, such as a festival or exhibition. |
| Somali | The word "dhaqan" in Somali also refers to traditions, customs, and practices |
| Spanish | "Cultural" can refer not just to culture in the sense of the arts or customs, but also to the cultivation of the land or of living beings. |
| Sundanese | The word 'budaya' in Sundanese also means 'nature' or 'the environment'. |
| Swahili | "Kitamaduni" shares its root with "maduni", which means "traditions" or "customs". |
| Swedish | Kulturell can also refer to bacteria cultures. |
| Tagalog (Filipino) | The Tagalog word "kultural" also refers to traditional practices and values of a group of people. |
| Tajik | The word "фарҳангӣ" (cultural) in Tajik has its roots in the Persian word "farhang" meaning "culture, civilization, refinement." |
| Tamil | கலாச்சாரம் (kalāchāram) is also the name for the art form in Tamil Nadu and the style of Carnatic music that originated there. |
| Telugu | Cultural is derived from the Latin "cultus" which means "worship" or "cultivation". |
| Thai | The word 'วัฒนธรรม' (cultural) in Thai literally means 'cultivation of culture'. |
| Turkish | Kültürel can mean either "related to cultivation of natural resources" or "related to human culture and customs" in Turkish. |
| Urdu | ثقافتی is derived from an Arabic root meaning “to cultivate” or “to refine,” and it can also refer to the collective cultural practices and beliefs of a society. |
| Uzbek | The word "madaniy" in Uzbek is derived from the Arabic word "madaniya", which can also mean "civilization" or "urbanity". |
| Vietnamese | In Vietnamese, "văn hóa" can also refer to an individual's refinement and education. |
| Welsh | The word 'diwylliannol' is derived from the Welsh word 'diwylliant', which means 'culture' or 'civilization' and is related to the Latin word 'civilitas', meaning 'citizenship' or 'politeness'. |
| Xhosa | The word 'inkcubeko' is derived from the Xhosa verb 'uku nquba,' meaning 'to dive into something,' suggesting that engaging with culture is like diving into a deep body of water. |
| Yiddish | The Yiddish word "קולטורעל" directly translates to "cultural" in English. |
| Yoruba | The Yoruba word "asa" can also refer to a person's character, nature, or disposition. |
| Zulu | Amasiko also loosely means 'customs or traditions'. |
| English | "Cultural" comes from the Latin "cultura," meaning "cultivation" or "care." |