Afrikaans kritiseer | ||
Albanian kritikoj | ||
Amharic መተቸት | ||
Arabic ينتقد | ||
Armenian քննադատել | ||
Assamese সমালোচনা কৰা | ||
Aymara k’umiña | ||
Azerbaijani tənqid etmək | ||
Bambara kɔrɔfɔli kɛ | ||
Basque kritikatu | ||
Belarusian крытыкаваць | ||
Bengali সমালোচনা | ||
Bhojpuri आलोचना करे के बा | ||
Bosnian kritikovati | ||
Bulgarian критикувам | ||
Catalan criticar | ||
Cebuano manaway | ||
Chinese (Simplified) 批评 | ||
Chinese (Traditional) 批評 | ||
Corsican criticà | ||
Croatian kritizirati | ||
Czech kritizovat | ||
Danish kritisere | ||
Dhivehi ފާޑުކިޔުން | ||
Dogri आलोचना करदे | ||
Dutch bekritiseren | ||
English criticize | ||
Esperanto kritiki | ||
Estonian kritiseerida | ||
Ewe ɖe ɖeklemi ame | ||
Filipino (Tagalog) pumuna | ||
Finnish arvostella | ||
French critiquer | ||
Frisian kritisearje | ||
Galician criticar | ||
Georgian გააკრიტიკოს | ||
German kritisieren | ||
Greek κριτικάρω | ||
Guarani otaky | ||
Gujarati ટીકા કરો | ||
Haitian Creole kritike | ||
Hausa soki | ||
Hawaiian hoʻohewa | ||
Hebrew לְבַקֵר | ||
Hindi आलोचना करना | ||
Hmong thuam | ||
Hungarian kritizálni | ||
Icelandic gagnrýna | ||
Igbo katọọ | ||
Ilocano babalawen | ||
Indonesian mengkritik | ||
Irish cáineadh | ||
Italian criticare | ||
Japanese 批判する | ||
Javanese ngritik | ||
Kannada ವಿಮರ್ಶೆ | ||
Kazakh сын айту | ||
Khmer រិះគន់ | ||
Kinyarwanda kunegura | ||
Konkani टिका करप | ||
Korean 흠잡다 | ||
Krio fɔ kɔrɛkt pɔsin | ||
Kurdish rexnekirin | ||
Kurdish (Sorani) ڕەخنە بگرن | ||
Kyrgyz сындоо | ||
Lao ວິພາກວິຈານ | ||
Latin detrahere | ||
Latvian kritizēt | ||
Lingala kotyola | ||
Lithuanian kritikuoti | ||
Luganda okunenya | ||
Luxembourgish kritiséieren | ||
Macedonian критикуваат | ||
Maithili आलोचना करब | ||
Malagasy manakiana | ||
Malay mengecam | ||
Malayalam വിമർശിക്കുക | ||
Maltese jikkritika | ||
Maori whakahe | ||
Marathi टीका | ||
Meiteilon (Manipuri) ꯀ꯭ꯔꯤꯇꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ꯫ | ||
Mizo sawisel rawh | ||
Mongolian шүүмжлэх | ||
Myanmar (Burmese) ဝေဖန် | ||
Nepali आलोचना | ||
Norwegian kritisere | ||
Nyanja (Chichewa) tsutsa | ||
Odia (Oriya) ସମାଲୋଚନା କର | | ||
Oromo qeeqa | ||
Pashto انتقاد کول | ||
Persian انتقاد کردن | ||
Polish krytykować | ||
Portuguese (Portugal, Brazil) criticar | ||
Punjabi ਆਲੋਚਨਾ | ||
Quechua k’amiy | ||
Romanian a critica | ||
Russian критиковать | ||
Samoan faitio | ||
Sanskrit आलोचनां कुर्वन्ति | ||
Scots Gaelic càineadh | ||
Sepedi go sola | ||
Serbian критиковати | ||
Sesotho nyatsa | ||
Shona tsoropodza | ||
Sindhi تنقيد ڪريو | ||
Sinhala (Sinhalese) විවේචනය කරන්න | ||
Slovak kritizovať | ||
Slovenian kritizirati | ||
Somali dhaliil | ||
Spanish criticar | ||
Sundanese nyempad | ||
Swahili kukosoa | ||
Swedish klandra | ||
Tagalog (Filipino) pumuna | ||
Tajik танқид кардан | ||
Tamil விமர்சிக்கவும் | ||
Tatar тәнкыйтьләү | ||
Telugu విమర్శించండి | ||
Thai วิจารณ์ | ||
Tigrinya ይነቅፍ | ||
Tsonga ku sola | ||
Turkish eleştirmek | ||
Turkmen tankyt et | ||
Twi (Akan) kasa tia | ||
Ukrainian критикувати | ||
Urdu تنقید کرنا | ||
Uyghur تەنقىد | ||
Uzbek tanqid qilmoq | ||
Vietnamese chỉ trích | ||
Welsh beirniadu | ||
Xhosa gxeka | ||
Yiddish קריטיקירן | ||
Yoruba ṣofintoto | ||
Zulu gxeka |
| Language | Etymology / Notes |
|---|---|
| Afrikaans | The word "kritiseer" in Afrikaans also has the meaning of "review" or "analyze". |
| Amharic | The Amharic word "መተቸት" can also mean "to break" or "to shatter" when used in the context of physical objects. |
| Arabic | "ينتقد" can also mean "to examine in a fault-finding way" in Arabic. |
| Azerbaijani | The word 'tənqid etmək' in Azerbaijani also carries the meaning of 'to examine' or 'to review' |
| Basque | The Basque word "kritikatu" originates from the Greek word "kritikos," meaning "judge" or "ability to discern." |
| Belarusian | The word "крытыкаваць" can also mean "to analyze" or "to evaluate". |
| Bengali | The Bengali word "সমালোচনা" is derived from Sanskrit "समीक्षा" meaning to review. |
| Bosnian | The word "kritikovati" (criticize in English) comes from the Latin "criticus" meaning "judge" or "critic" |
| Bulgarian | The word "критикувам" can also mean "to review" or "to examine" in Bulgarian. |
| Catalan | "Criticar" in Catalan can also mean "to check" (for errors), "to examine", or "to review". |
| Cebuano | The word "manaway" in Cebuano is a derivative of the root "away", which means "to remove" or "to take away". Thus, "manaway" came to mean "to criticize" or to find fault with someone or something. |
| Chinese (Simplified) | 批评 (pīpíng) has a longer history than 批判 (pīpàn), originally meaning “record” of the events in court. |
| Chinese (Traditional) | 批評 in Chinese can also mean 'to evaluate' or 'to comment on'. |
| Corsican | The word “criticà” can also mean “to judge” or “to examine.” |
| Croatian | The verb "kritizirati" is derived from the Greek word "kritikos" meaning "able to discern" or "judge". |
| Czech | The Czech word "kritizovat" is derived from the Greek word "kritikos," meaning "able to discern or judge."} |
| Danish | The word "kritisere" in Danish comes from the Greek word "kritikos," meaning "able to judge." |
| Dutch | The word "bekritiseren" can also be used to describe the process of reviewing or critiquing a work of art or literature. |
| Esperanto | "Kritiko" comes from the Greek word for "judge." |
| Estonian | "Kritiseerida" is a verb in Estonian that means "to criticize" and derives from the Greek word "krinein," meaning "to separate," "to discriminate," and "to judge." |
| Finnish | The word "arvostella" derives from the word "arvo" (value), and means to assess the value or worth of something. |
| French | In French, « critiquer » can also mean to analyze, judge, or review something. |
| Frisian | The word "kritisearje" is derived from the Greek word "kritikos", meaning "able to discern or judge." |
| Galician | 'Critica' is also a popular literary genre, especially in Galicia, and has given Galician the verb 'criticar,' which can mean either 'to write a literary critique' or 'to criticize' in general. |
| Georgian | The word "გააკრიტიკოს" is derived from the Ancient Greek word "κριτική" (kritikē), which originally meant "the art of judging" or "the faculty of criticism." |
| German | The word "kritisieren" is derived from the Greek word "kritikos," meaning "able to discern" or "judge." |
| Greek | The word "κριτικάρω" (criticize) comes from the Greek word "κριτικός" (kritikos), meaning "able to judge" or "discerning." |
| Haitian Creole | Haitian Creole "kritike" comes from Greek "kritikē" meaning "judgement", originally from "kritēs" or "judge". |
| Hausa | In Hausa, "soki" also signifies "to accuse" or "to blame" and derives from the Middle English word "soquen." |
| Hawaiian | The word "hoʻohewa" in Hawaiian, while primarily meaning "criticize," can also refer to the act of finding fault or blaming someone or something. |
| Hebrew | The Hebrew word "לְבַקֵר" (l'vaker) can also mean "to visit" or "to inspect". |
| Hindi | The word "आलोचना करना" is derived from the Sanskrit root "आलोच्" meaning "to consider" or "to examine". |
| Hmong | The word "thuam" in Hmong is derived from the word "tua," which means "to scold or criticize harshly." |
| Hungarian | The word „kritizálni” in Hungarian derives from Greek and originally meant „to judge”. |
| Icelandic | The word gagnrýna is likely derived from the Old Norse word 'gagn', meaning 'advantage' or 'benefit'. |
| Igbo | The Igbo word 'katọọ' can also mean 'to rebuke' or 'to find fault with'. |
| Indonesian | "Mengkritik" in Indonesian literally means "to separate rice" (mengirik). |
| Irish | Cáineadh also means a "lament", likely due to the Irish tradition of keeners or paid mourners. |
| Italian | The verb "criticare" also means "to select by critical judgment". |
| Japanese | 批判する can also refer to reviewing a piece of writing to identify its errors and make suggestions on how it could be improved. |
| Javanese | The Javanese word "ngritik" is derived from the Proto-Malayo-Polynesian root ‘ũkrẻ͡tŋ͡Ź’, meaning "to bite" or "to cut", implying a sharp and often negative form of criticism. |
| Kannada | "ವಿಮರ್ಶೆ" (vimarshe) in Kannada also means 'analysis' or 'evaluation', highlighting its broader context beyond criticism alone. |
| Kazakh | The verb "сын айту" can also mean "to advise" or "to warn" in Kazakh. |
| Khmer | The word "រិះគន់" can also mean "to find fault with" or "to blame". |
| Korean | "흠" means a flaw or blemish, and "잡다" means to pick up or hold onto something. So, "흠잡다" literally means to pick out a flaw or blemish in something. |
| Kurdish | In Kurdish, "rexnekirin" (criticize) shares the same root as "re" (way, manner), connecting criticism to the act of finding the correct path. |
| Kyrgyz | The Kyrgyz word "сындоо" can also mean "to judge" or "to blame." |
| Latin | The Latin word 'detrahere' also means 'to drag down' or 'to pull away'. |
| Latvian | Kritizēt (criticize) in Latvian may also mean to analyze or evaluate in a non-judgmental way. |
| Lithuanian | The word "kritikuoti" in Lithuanian originates from the Greek word "kritikos," meaning "of or for judging or criticizing." |
| Luxembourgish | Kritiséieren is derived from French critiquer, which originated from Greek "κριτής" (kritès) meaning "judge". It also denotes "to evaluate", "to judge", and even "to criticize". |
| Macedonian | "Критикуваат" is derived from the Ancient Greek word "kritikos," meaning "able to discern or judge." |
| Malagasy | The noun 'manakiana' is cognate with the adjective 'tsy manana' meaning 'not having', thus suggesting the meaning of a 'lack' or a 'shortcoming'. |
| Malay | The word "mengecam" can also mean "to censure" or "to denounce" in Malay. |
| Malayalam | The Malayalam word "വിമർശിക്കുക" comes from the Sanskrit word "विमृश्" (vimṛś), which means "to consider carefully, to examine, to investigate, to analyze, to ponder, to deliberate, to reflect upon". |
| Maltese | The Maltese word "jikkritika" (criticize) is derived from the Italian "criticare" and ultimately from the Greek "kritikos" meaning "able to judge". |
| Maori | The word "whakahe" also means "to find fault with" or "to blame". |
| Marathi | The Marathi word "टीका" can also mean a commentary or annotation on a text, often religious. |
| Mongolian | The word "шүүмжлэх" also means "to judge" or "to appraise". |
| Myanmar (Burmese) | The word "ဝေဖန်" can also mean "to analyze" or "to evaluate" in Myanmar. |
| Nepali | The word "आलोचना" originates from the Sanskrit word "आलोकन" which means "to examine" or "to inspect" |
| Norwegian | "Kritikere" in Norwegian can also refer to the noun "a critic". |
| Nyanja (Chichewa) | In Nyanja, the verb "tsutsa" can also mean "to rebuke", "to scold", or "to reprove". |
| Pashto | The word "انتقاد کول" could also mean "review" in Pashto. |
| Polish | The word "krytykować" comes from the Greek word "kritikos", meaning "able to judge". |
| Portuguese (Portugal, Brazil) | The word "criticar" in Portuguese can also refer to the process of examining or analyzing something in a critical way. |
| Punjabi | आलोचना (ālōcanā) is a Sanskrit word with roots in "वि+लूच+ना" (meaning "to see again"), suggesting examining or evaluating something critically. |
| Romanian | The Romanian word "a critica" originates from the Greek word "kritikos", meaning "able to judge" or "skilled in judging." |
| Russian | The word "критиковать" comes from the Greek word "κριτικός," meaning "able to judge" or "skilled in judging." |
| Samoan | "Faitio" is also the name of a Samoan goddess associated with criticism. |
| Scots Gaelic | The Scots Gaelic "càineadh" (criticize) originates from the Indo-European root *kwei-, meaning "to blame", "to punish", or "to curse". |
| Serbian | The verb "критиковати" is derived from the Greek word "κριτικός", meaning "judge". It can also mean "to examine" or "to evaluate". |
| Sesotho | The Sesotho word 'nyatsa' can also mean to inspect or scrutinize something carefully. |
| Shona | The word "tsoropodza" derives from "tsoro" (fear) and "podza" (hide), implying "to criticize out of fear of showing one's true feelings." |
| Sindhi | The word "تنقيد ڪريو" (criticize) can also mean "to examine" or "to discuss". |
| Slovak | The word "kritizovať" comes from the Ancient Greek word "kritikos", meaning "judge" or "one who discerns". |
| Slovenian | The Slovenian word "kritizirati" (criticize) derives from the Greek word "kritikos," meaning "able to judge." |
| Somali | The Somali word 'dhaliil' originates from the Arabic root word 'dhali', meaning 'fault' or 'defect' |
| Spanish | The word "criticar" in Spanish can also mean "to discern" or "to distinguish". |
| Sundanese | Sundanese: "nyempad" means both "to criticize" and "to smooth or trim something". |
| Swahili | The verb 'kukosoa' is derived from the noun 'ukosoaji', which means 'criticism' or 'reproach'. |
| Swedish | "Klandra" originates from the Proto-Germanic word "*klandrōn", meaning "to gossip" or "to tell tales". |
| Tagalog (Filipino) | In Philippine politics, "pumuna" has also been used as an alternate form of "puna" and "punit" (punishment). |
| Tajik | The word "танқид кардан" in Tajik has a root "танқид", meaning "criticism" in Arabic, and can also mean "to blame" or "to reprove". |
| Tamil | The word 'விமர்சிக்கவும்' comes from the root word 'வி' which means 'against' or 'opposite', and the suffix 'மர்ச்' which means 'to seek' or 'to inquire' therefore, it means 'to examine something carefully and find the faults in it', or 'to look for the opposite or contrasting views'. |
| Telugu | The word is derived from 'vichara', and can be used with the prefix 'vi', meaning 'bad' or 'away'. Hence, it can also mean 'to dismiss' or 'to reject' something. |
| Thai | "วิจารณ์" is not only means "criticize" but also means "to look thoroughly", "to make clear", and "to distinguish". |
| Turkish | The word "eleştirmek" comes from the Arabic word "el-naqida"," which means "to sift" or "to examine". |
| Ukrainian | The Ukrainian word "критикувати" can be traced back to the Greek word "κριτική", meaning "the art of judging or criticizing." |
| Urdu | The word 'تنقید کرنا' originally meant 'to examine' or 'to test', but over time it has come to mean 'to criticize'. |
| Uzbek | The word "tanqid qilmoq" can also mean "to point out" or "to analyze" in Uzbek. |
| Vietnamese | It derives from Sino-Vietnamese "trích" meaning "to extract" and "chỉ" meaning "to point at or pinpoint". |
| Welsh | The word 'beirniadu' can also mean 'to judge' or 'to give an opinion'. |
| Xhosa | In Xhosa, the word 'gxeka' also means 'to scold' or 'to rebuke'. |
| Yoruba | Ṣofíntótó is a reduplicated form of the verb ṣofín, which means to mock, ridicule, or criticize. |
| Zulu | The Zulu word 'gxeka' is also used to describe the act of 'squeezing' or 'pressing' something. |
| English | The word "criticize" comes from the Greek word "kritikos," meaning "able to discern or judge." |