Criticism in Different Languages
Discover 'Criticism' in 134 Languages: Dive into Translations, Hear Pronunciations, and Uncover Cultural Insights.
Criticism
Afrikaans kritiek | ||
Albanian kritika | ||
Amharic ትችት | ||
Arabic نقد | ||
Armenian քննադատություն | ||
Assamese সমালোচনা | ||
Aymara k'umiña | ||
Azerbaijani tənqid | ||
Bambara lagosili | ||
Basque kritika | ||
Belarusian крытыка | ||
Bengali সমালোচনা | ||
Bhojpuri आलोचना | ||
Bosnian kritika | ||
Bulgarian критика | ||
Catalan crítica | ||
Cebuano pagsaway | ||
Chinese (Simplified) 批评 | ||
Chinese (Traditional) 批評 | ||
Corsican critica | ||
Croatian kritika | ||
Czech kritika | ||
Danish kritik | ||
Dhivehi ފާޑުކިޔުން | ||
Dogri अलोचना | ||
Dutch kritiek | ||
English criticism | ||
Esperanto kritiko | ||
Estonian kriitika | ||
Ewe nyahehe | ||
Filipino (Tagalog) pagpuna | ||
Finnish kritiikki | ||
French critique | ||
Frisian krityk | ||
Galician crítica | ||
Georgian კრიტიკა | ||
German kritik | ||
Greek κριτική | ||
Guarani kaguai | ||
Gujarati ટીકા | ||
Haitian Creole kritik | ||
Hausa zargi | ||
Hawaiian hoʻohewa | ||
Hebrew ביקורת | ||
Hindi आलोचना | ||
Hmong kev thuam | ||
Hungarian kritika | ||
Icelandic gagnrýni | ||
Igbo nkatọ | ||
Ilocano kritisismo | ||
Indonesian kritik | ||
Irish cáineadh | ||
Italian critica | ||
Japanese 批判 | ||
Javanese kritik | ||
Kannada ಟೀಕೆ | ||
Kazakh сын | ||
Khmer ការរិះគន់ | ||
Kinyarwanda kunegura | ||
Konkani समिक्षा | ||
Korean 비판 | ||
Krio fɛn fɔlt | ||
Kurdish rexne | ||
Kurdish (Sorani) ڕەخنە | ||
Kyrgyz сын | ||
Lao ການວິພາກວິຈານ | ||
Latin criticae | ||
Latvian kritika | ||
Lingala kolobela mabe | ||
Lithuanian kritika | ||
Luganda okukomelera | ||
Luxembourgish kritik | ||
Macedonian критика | ||
Maithili आलोचना | ||
Malagasy tsikera | ||
Malay kritikan | ||
Malayalam വിമർശനം | ||
Maltese kritika | ||
Maori faaino | ||
Marathi टीका | ||
Meiteilon (Manipuri) ꯐꯩ ꯐꯠꯇꯦ ꯅꯩꯟꯕ | ||
Mizo sawiselna | ||
Mongolian шүүмжлэл | ||
Myanmar (Burmese) ဝေဖန်မှု | ||
Nepali आलोचना | ||
Norwegian kritikk | ||
Nyanja (Chichewa) kutsutsa | ||
Odia (Oriya) ସମାଲୋଚନା | ||
Oromo qeequu | ||
Pashto نيوکه | ||
Persian انتقاد | ||
Polish krytyka | ||
Portuguese (Portugal, Brazil) crítica | ||
Punjabi ਆਲੋਚਨਾ | ||
Quechua qawarayay | ||
Romanian critică | ||
Russian критика | ||
Samoan faitioga | ||
Sanskrit आलोचना | ||
Scots Gaelic càineadh | ||
Sepedi tsholo | ||
Serbian критика | ||
Sesotho ho nyatsa | ||
Shona kushoropodza | ||
Sindhi تنقيد | ||
Sinhala (Sinhalese) විවේචනය | ||
Slovak kritika | ||
Slovenian kritiko | ||
Somali dhaleeceyn | ||
Spanish crítica | ||
Sundanese kritik | ||
Swahili ukosoaji | ||
Swedish kritik | ||
Tagalog (Filipino) pagpuna | ||
Tajik танқид | ||
Tamil திறனாய்வு | ||
Tatar тәнкыйть | ||
Telugu విమర్శ | ||
Thai วิจารณ์ | ||
Tigrinya ወቐሳ | ||
Tsonga sola | ||
Turkish eleştiri | ||
Turkmen tankyt | ||
Twi (Akan) ka tia | ||
Ukrainian критика | ||
Urdu تنقید | ||
Uyghur تەنقىد | ||
Uzbek tanqid | ||
Vietnamese sự chỉ trích | ||
Welsh beirniadaeth | ||
Xhosa ukugxeka | ||
Yiddish קריטיק | ||
Yoruba lodi | ||
Zulu ukugxekwa |
Etymology & Notes
| Language | Etymology / Notes |
|---|---|
| Afrikaans | Afrikaans "kritiek" comes from Ancient Greek "κριτικός," meaning "discerning" or "able to judge." |
| Albanian | The Albanian word 'kritika', meaning 'criticism', derives from the Greek word 'κριτική', which refers to the art of judging or discerning. |
| Amharic | The word "ትችት" can also mean "a quarrel" or "a difference of opinion". |
| Arabic | The Arabic word "نقد" can also refer to money, specifically coins or currency notes. |
| Azerbaijani | The word "tanqid" is of Arabic origin, meaning "to scrutinize" or " to analyze" in Azerbaijani. |
| Basque | The Basque word "kritika" is derived from the Greek word "kritikē", meaning "art of judging". |
| Belarusian | Крытыка has two meanings in Belarusian: “criticism” and “roof”. |
| Bengali | The word "সমালোচনা" can also mean "scrutiny" or "examination" in Bengali contexts. |
| Bosnian | The word "kritika" in Bosnian is derived from the Greek word "kritikos", meaning "able to discern or judge." |
| Bulgarian | In Bulgarian, "критика" (criticism) also refers to the analysis and evaluation of literary and artistic works. |
| Catalan | In Catalan, "crítica" can also refer to the art criticism, or to a type of musical composition similar to the fugue. |
| Cebuano | The etymology of "pagsaway" is debated, with suggestions it may come from "sawway". (criticize) or from Javanese "pagsuwak" (destruction). |
| Chinese (Simplified) | 在粤语中，“批评”有“挑剔”的意思，如“唔好成日批评人”，意为“别总是挑剔别人”。 |
| Chinese (Traditional) | "批評" can also mean "to review" or "to evaluate" in Chinese. |
| Corsican | The Corsican word "critica" can also mean "sieve" or "screen". |
| Croatian | Kritika, or "criticism," in Croatian also means "judgment," "opinion," and "disapproval." |
| Czech | Kritika comes from the Greek "kritikos," meaning "able to discern," and also relates to the Slavic "kriti," meaning "to judge or condemn." |
| Danish | The word 'kritik' in Danish also means 'critical judgment' or 'analytical review' and carries the connotation of being both objective and fair. |
| Dutch | In Dutch, "kritiek" also has the connotation of "evaluation" or "appraisal" and is not always negative in tone. |
| Esperanto | "Kritiko" is derived from the Greek word "kritikos", meaning "able to judge". |
| Estonian | The word "kriitika" comes from the Greek word "kritikos," meaning "able to judge" or "judge of literature or art." |
| Finnish | The word 'kritiikki' is derived from the Greek word 'kritikos', meaning 'able to discern'. In Finnish, it can also refer to the act of giving feedback or a review. |
| French | From the Greek word "kritikos," meaning "able to judge," the French word "critique" can also mean "assessment," "study," or "review." |
| Frisian | The word "krityk" in Frisian can also refer to "the act of making judgments" or "the ability to judge." |
| Galician | 'Crítica' can also mean a review of a work or a type of literary or artistic analysis. |
| Georgian | The word "κριτική" (criticism) in Georgian comes from the Greek word "κρίνειν" (krinein), meaning "to judge" or "to decide". |
| German | The word 'Kritik' comes from the Greek word 'kritikos', which means 'able to judge' or 'capable of discernment'. |
| Greek | The word "κριτική" in Greek has its roots in the verb "κρίνω," meaning "to judge" or "to separate," and can also refer to the discipline of literary criticism. |
| Gujarati | The word 'ટીકા' (criticism) in Gujarati can also mean a commentary or an annotation on a text, especially a sacred or scholarly one. |
| Haitian Creole | Criticism (kritik) in Haitian Creole can also indicate a 'negative judgment' or a 'bad review'. |
| Hausa | Alternate meanings of "zargi" include "admonition" and "reproach." |
| Hawaiian | The word "hoʻohewa" can also mean "error" or "fault". |
| Hebrew | The Hebrew word "ביקורת" (criticism) can also mean "examination" or "review", and is derived from the root "בקר" (to examine or visit). |
| Hindi | Hindi word ''आलोचना'' is also used to denote the practice of ''art criticism'', a field of specialization in art history. |
| Hmong | The Hmong word "kev thuam" can also mean "advice" or "reprimand". |
| Hungarian | "Kritika" also means 'examination' and derives from the Greek word "kritikos" meaning 'able to discern' |
| Icelandic | The word "gagnrýni" is derived from the Old Norse word "gagn" meaning "gain, use, profit" and "rýna" meaning "to speak, utter". |
| Igbo | The word "nkatọ" in Igbo can also mean "advice" or "evaluation". |
| Indonesian | Kritik originally meant to judge and diagnose a patient's illness or injury |
| Italian | The word 'critica' comes from 'kritikos', the Greek adjective for 'able to discern', 'judge', which is derived from 'krinein', 'to separate'. |
| Japanese | The Japanese word "批判" can also mean "to judge" or "to evaluate". |
| Javanese | In Javanese, the word "kritik" (criticism) can also refer to the process of examining the authenticity of gamelan instruments. |
| Kannada | "ಟೀಕೆ" is a Kannada word that originated from the Sanskrit word "tīkā", which also means "commentary" or "explanation". |
| Kazakh | The Kazakh word "сын" can also mean "sharp" or "clever". |
| Korean | In Korean, the word "비판" is derived from the Chinese characters "批" (to divide, to separate) and "判" (to judge, to decide), emphasizing the act of dividing and judging something. |
| Kurdish | The word 'rexne' is a loanword from the Persian language, where it means 'opinion'. |
| Kyrgyz | The word "сын" can also refer to "a complaint or accusation" in Kyrgyz. |
| Latin | In Latin, "criticae" can also refer to the critical edition of a text. |
| Latvian | Latvian word "kritika" comes from Ancient Greek word "kritikē", which means the art of discerning and judging. |
| Luxembourgish | The word "Kritik" in Luxembourgish can also mean analysis, review, or critique, expanding its semantic range beyond that of English "criticism". |
| Macedonian | The Macedonian word "критика" is derived from the Greek word “κριτική,” which originally referred to the art and science of judgment. |
| Malagasy | The word "tsikera" in Malagasy can also mean "a person who criticizes" or "a bad critic". |
| Malay | The word 'kritikan' in Malay is derived from the Portuguese word 'critica', meaning 'judgment' or 'discernment'. |
| Malayalam | The word "വിമർശനം" can also refer to a review or analysis of something. |
| Maltese | The Maltese word "kritika" originates from the Greek word "kritikē" and can also mean "judgment" or "discernment". |
| Maori | It is also believed to mean "bad" or "wrong" when used in the wider context of morality, in a similar sense to the English word "evil" |
| Marathi | Marathi "टीका" not only refers to criticism, but can also mean a religious or scholarly commentary. |
| Mongolian | The Mongolian word "шүүмжлэл" ("criticism") derives from the verb "шүүх" ("to judge"), also sharing the same root with the noun "шүүх" ("court"). |
| Nepali | The Nepali word "आलोचना" is derived from the Sanskrit word "आ + लोचन" meaning "seeing again or carefully". |
| Norwegian | The Norwegian word "kritikk" derives from the Greek word "kritikos," meaning "able to discern or judge." |
| Nyanja (Chichewa) | The word "kutsutsa" can also mean "to admonish" or "to scold". |
| Pashto | The Pashto word "نيوکه" also means "to pick at something" or to "find fault with something" |
| Persian | انتقاد originates from the Arabic 'naqd,' meaning 'separation' or 'distinction,' and has a broader meaning including 'review,' 'analysis,' and 'evaluation' in Persian. |
| Polish | In its original meaning, the word "Krytyka" was used in the sense that the word "critique" is still used today, i.e. as a literary genre. |
| Portuguese (Portugal, Brazil) | The word "crítica" in Portuguese can mean both "criticism" and "review". |
| Romanian | "Critică", in Romanian, can also refer to a short narrative work of literary criticism. |
| Russian | The word "критика" ultimately derives from the Greek word "κριτικός," meaning "able to discern" or "judge." |
| Samoan | The Samoan word 'faitioga' also means 'instruction' or 'advice'. |
| Scots Gaelic | Càineadh, "criticism" in Gaelic, also refers to a type of lament, elegy, or funeral song. |
| Serbian | The word "критика" can also mean "a short review" or "a critique". |
| Sesotho | Its origin is thought to be a Zulu word that meant 'to be angry' or 'to find fault' |
| Shona | The word "kushoropodza" in Shona also refers to the act of finding fault with or criticizing someone or something. |
| Sindhi | The Sindhi word for "criticism", "تنقيد", derives from the Arabic word "نقده" meaning "to weigh", indicating a critical examination and evaluation. |
| Slovak | Slovene kritika is a loan from French which originally meant "judgment". |
| Slovenian | In Slovene, "kritiko" is a noun that also means 'critical faculty', and as a verb it means 'to examine or evaluate critically'. |
| Somali | Dhaleeceyn in Somali is a noun that can refer to blame, accusation, or the act of finding fault with something. |
| Spanish | The Spanish word "crítica" also means "review" or "summary" when referring to a book, article, or artistic work. |
| Sundanese | The Sundanese word "Kritik" also has the connotation of a "warning" or "advice". |
| Swahili | Ukosoaji comes from 'kosoa' ('to cut') signifying that criticism can be seen as cutting away excess to refine a concept, object or action. |
| Swedish | The word "kritik" in Swedish also means "evaluation" or "review". |
| Tagalog (Filipino) | "Pagpuna" can also mean "noticing" or "awareness", derived from the root word "puna" meaning "mark" or "notice". |
| Tajik | The word "танқид" is derived from the Arabic word "نقض", which means to "break down", "analyze", or "scrutinize". |
| Tamil | The Tamil word "திறனாய்வு" can also refer to "appreciation" or "the ability to discern." |
| Telugu | Derived from 'vicaraNa' which means 'consideration', 'విమర్శ' refers not merely to faultfinding, but also to thoughtful evaluation. |
| Thai | วิจารณ์ derives from Sanskrit and originally meant "to examine, reflect on". |
| Turkish | The word "eleştiri" can also mean "review" or "analysis". |
| Ukrainian | The word "критика" can refer to both the act of criticizing and to a written work expressing an opinion or analysis. |
| Urdu | تنقید derives from the root 'نقد' meaning to sift and separate the bad from the good. |
| Uzbek | In Uzbek, "tanqid" can also mean "admonition" or "advice". Alternate spellings include "tanqit" and "tanqyd". |
| Vietnamese | Sự chỉ trích có nguồn gốc từ tiếng Hán, có nghĩa là chỉ ra khuyết điểm, còn trong tiếng Việt hiện đại có thể hiểu theo nghĩa rộng hơn là đưa ra ý kiến đánh giá, nhận xét, góp ý. |
| Welsh | The Welsh word "beirniadaeth" derives from the noun "barn," meaning "judgment," and the suffix "-iaeth," indicating a quality or state. |
| Xhosa | "Ukugxeka" is also used to describe the process of carving or sculpting, as in the shaping of wood or stone. |
| Yiddish | In modern Yiddish, קריטיק can also mean 'review' (as in a book or movie review). |
| Yoruba | Lodi can also mean "to be bitter," "to blame" or "to hate" in Yoruba. |
| Zulu | The Zulu word "ukugxekwa" also means "to be criticized" or "to find fault with". |
| English | "Criticism" comes from the Greek "kritikos" which means "a judge", and has the alternate meaning of a "standard of judgment". |