Afrikaans raad | ||
Albanian këshilli | ||
Amharic ምክር ቤት | ||
Arabic مجلس | ||
Armenian խորհուրդ | ||
Assamese পৰিষদ | ||
Aymara amuyt'ayawi | ||
Azerbaijani şura | ||
Bambara kɔnseye | ||
Basque kontzeju | ||
Belarusian савета | ||
Bengali পরিষদ | ||
Bhojpuri परिषद | ||
Bosnian vijeće | ||
Bulgarian съвет | ||
Catalan consell | ||
Cebuano konseho | ||
Chinese (Simplified) 议会 | ||
Chinese (Traditional) 議會 | ||
Corsican cunsigliu | ||
Croatian vijeće | ||
Czech rada | ||
Danish råd | ||
Dhivehi ކައުންސިލް | ||
Dogri कौंसल | ||
Dutch raad | ||
English council | ||
Esperanto konsilio | ||
Estonian volikogu | ||
Ewe dudzikpɔha | ||
Filipino (Tagalog) konseho | ||
Finnish neuvosto | ||
French conseil | ||
Frisian ried | ||
Galician concello | ||
Georgian საბჭო | ||
German rat | ||
Greek συμβούλιο | ||
Guarani ñemoñe'ẽ | ||
Gujarati કાઉન્સિલ | ||
Haitian Creole konsèy | ||
Hausa majalisa | ||
Hawaiian ʻaha kūkā | ||
Hebrew מועצה | ||
Hindi परिषद | ||
Hmong pawg sab laj | ||
Hungarian tanács | ||
Icelandic ráðh | ||
Igbo kansụl | ||
Ilocano koseho | ||
Indonesian dewan | ||
Irish chomhairle | ||
Italian consiglio | ||
Japanese 評議会 | ||
Javanese dewan | ||
Kannada ಕೌನ್ಸಿಲ್ | ||
Kazakh кеңес | ||
Khmer ក្រុមប្រឹក្សា | ||
Kinyarwanda inama | ||
Konkani मंडळ | ||
Korean 이사회 | ||
Krio kɔmiti | ||
Kurdish pêşnîyar | ||
Kurdish (Sorani) ئەنجومەن | ||
Kyrgyz кеңеш | ||
Lao ສະພາ | ||
Latin concilio | ||
Latvian padome | ||
Lingala bakambi | ||
Lithuanian taryba | ||
Luganda olukiiko | ||
Luxembourgish gemengerot | ||
Macedonian совет | ||
Maithili परिषद | ||
Malagasy filan-kevitra | ||
Malay majlis | ||
Malayalam കൗൺസിൽ | ||
Maltese kunsill | ||
Maori kaunihera | ||
Marathi परिषद | ||
Meiteilon (Manipuri) ꯄꯥꯎꯇꯥꯛ ꯄꯤꯅꯕ ꯂꯩꯕ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏ ꯀꯥꯛꯂꯨ ꯑꯃ | ||
Mizo rorel inkhawmna | ||
Mongolian зөвлөл | ||
Myanmar (Burmese) ကောင်စီ | ||
Nepali परिषद | ||
Norwegian råd | ||
Nyanja (Chichewa) khonsolo | ||
Odia (Oriya) ପରିଷଦ | ||
Oromo gorsaa | ||
Pashto شورا | ||
Persian شورا | ||
Polish rada | ||
Portuguese (Portugal, Brazil) conselho | ||
Punjabi ਸਭਾ | ||
Quechua consejo | ||
Romanian consiliu | ||
Russian совет | ||
Samoan fono | ||
Sanskrit समिति | ||
Scots Gaelic comhairle | ||
Sepedi lekgotla | ||
Serbian савет | ||
Sesotho lekhotla | ||
Shona kanzuru | ||
Sindhi ڪائونسل | ||
Sinhala (Sinhalese) සභා | ||
Slovak rada | ||
Slovenian sveta | ||
Somali golaha | ||
Spanish consejo | ||
Sundanese déwan | ||
Swahili baraza | ||
Swedish råd | ||
Tagalog (Filipino) konseho | ||
Tajik шӯро | ||
Tamil சபை | ||
Tatar совет | ||
Telugu కౌన్సిల్ | ||
Thai สภา | ||
Tigrinya ዋዕላ | ||
Tsonga khansele | ||
Turkish konsey | ||
Turkmen geňeş | ||
Twi (Akan) mpanimfoɔ | ||
Ukrainian ради | ||
Urdu کونسل | ||
Uyghur كېڭەش | ||
Uzbek kengash | ||
Vietnamese hội đồng | ||
Welsh cyngor | ||
Xhosa ibhunga | ||
Yiddish ראַט | ||
Yoruba igbimọ | ||
Zulu umkhandlu |
| Language | Etymology / Notes |
|---|---|
| Afrikaans | The Afrikaans word "raad" derives from the Middle Dutch "raet" meaning "advice" or "plan". |
| Albanian | The word 'këshilli' can also refer to 'advice' or 'recommendation' in Albanian. |
| Amharic | The word ምክር ቤት is derived from the root word ምክር, which means 'advice' or 'counsel'. This root word is also found in the word ምክረኛ, which means 'advisor' or 'counselor'. |
| Arabic | The Arabic word "مجلس" also refers to the physical space in which the assembly of advisors convenes. |
| Armenian | The Armenian word "խորհուրդ" is derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *ǵʰer- "to grasp, hold," also the source of Greek "κρίνω" (krínō) "to judge," Latin "granum" "grain," Gothic "gretan" "to weep," and Old Irish "grenn" "grain, seed." |
| Azerbaijani | Şura also means "assembly" or "conference" in Azerbaijani, and is cognate with the Arabic word "shura" (consultation). |
| Basque | The word "kontzeju" is derived from the latin "concilium" meaning "council" or "meeting". |
| Belarusian | "Савета" is derived from the Proto-Slavic *sъvĕtъ, meaning "advice, counsel, meeting, assembly." |
| Bengali | The word 'পরিষদ' originates from the Sanskrit word 'parishad', which means 'assembly, gathering, or meeting'. |
| Bosnian | The term 'vijeće' is used to designate a local self-government authority in Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, Montenegro, and Serbia. |
| Bulgarian | The word "съвет" (council) in Bulgarian also means "advice". |
| Catalan | In Catalan, "consell" has various meanings, including advice, suggestion, decision, resolution, or recommendation. |
| Cebuano | The word "konseho" in Cebuano originally stems from the Spanish word "consejo", meaning "advice" or "consultation". |
| Chinese (Simplified) | In modern Chinese, 议会 exclusively refers to legislature, but in older usages it could also refer to more general council settings. |
| Chinese (Traditional) | The word 議會 can also refer to a group of advisors or a legislative body. |
| Corsican | “Cunsigliu“ (literally “advice” or “counsel”) can mean the council or administration in Corsican. |
| Croatian | "Vijeće" comes from the Proto-Slavic word "*větьje", which also meant "assembly" and "gathering". |
| Czech | The word "rada" has roots in the Proto-Slavic language and is related to the word "r?diti", meaning "to deliberate" or "to consult." |
| Danish | The word råd can also refer to an advisory body, a piece of advice, or a solution to a problem. |
| Dutch | The word "raad" is derived from the Old Dutch word "rad", meaning "assembly" or "meeting". |
| Esperanto | The -si- ending on "konsilio" refers to people, meaning "a group of people who deliberate". |
| Estonian | The word “volikogu” has two possible origins: the Latvian word “valde” (“board”) or the Russian word “volost” (“rural administrative district”). |
| Finnish | In addition to the primary meaning, "neuvosto" can refer to "board of directors" or "chamber of commerce" in a narrower context. |
| French | The French word "conseil" comes from the Latin word "concilium", which originally meant "assembly", then "debate", then "decision". |
| Frisian | The word "ried" also means "board" or "administration". |
| Galician | The Galician word for council, 'concello', also refers to the territory over which a council has jurisdiction. |
| Georgian | The Georgian word საბჭო (sabcho) is a loanword from the Russian word "совет" (sovet), meaning "council". |
| German | In German, "Rat" can also refer to a person's advice or opinion, as in the phrase "um Rat fragen" (to ask for advice). |
| Greek | The Greek word "συμβούλιο" comes from the root "βουλή," meaning "will" or "counsel," and is related to the Latin word "consilium" and the English word "council" |
| Gujarati | The word "council" comes from the Latin word "concilium", which means "assembly" or "meeting". It can also refer to a group of people who are appointed to advise or make decisions on behalf of a larger body. |
| Haitian Creole | From the French word "conseil" meaning "advice" or "opinion". |
| Hausa | The Hausa word 'majalisa' derives from the Arabic word 'majlisa', meaning 'meeting place or assembly'. |
| Hawaiian | 'Aha kūkā' also means a council that deliberates at length or in secrecy. |
| Hebrew | מועצה can refer to a wide variety of councils including the ones dealing with religion, politics, and health. |
| Hindi | The word "परिषद" has its origins in the Sanskrit root "षद्," which means "to sit," and refers to a body of people gathered together for a common purpose, such as lawmaking or religious discussion. |
| Hmong | The word "pawg sab laj" in Hmong is derived from the verb "pawg" (to gather) and the noun "sab laj" (meeting). |
| Hungarian | The word "tanács" is derived from the Turkic word "tagan" meaning "assembly" and is also used in Romanian and Slovak languages with similar meanings. |
| Icelandic | The word "ráðh" in Icelandic ultimately derives from the Old Norse word "ráð", meaning "advice, counsel, or plan". It is also related to the English word "rede", meaning "advice or counsel". |
| Igbo | Kansụl can also mean 'gathering,' 'assembly,' or 'a group of people with a common purpose'. |
| Indonesian | "Dewan" also means a room in a house where guests are received, or a custom house or public office. |
| Irish | The word "chomhairle" in Irish can also mean "advice" or "counsel". |
| Italian | Consiglio derives from the Latin 'consilium', meaning 'deliberation', 'consultation' or 'plan'. |
| Japanese | The word "評議会" (council) in Japanese can also mean a "deliberative organ" or a "consultative body." |
| Javanese | In Javanese, the word "dewan" also refers to a group of people gathered for a specific purpose, such as a meeting or discussion. |
| Kannada | The word "ಕೌನ್ಸಿಲ್" ultimately derives from the Latin "concilium" and entered Kannada through English. |
| Kazakh | The word "кеңес" derives from the Persian word "khanah", meaning "house of people". |
| Khmer | Originally meaning a gathering of male elders, the word is now used to refer to a legislative body. |
| Korean | The Korean word '이사회' can also refer to a board of directors, an advisory board, or an administrative committee. |
| Kurdish | The word 'pêşnîyar' is also used to refer to the proposal or resolution put forward by a group or assembly. |
| Kyrgyz | The Kyrgyz word "кеңеш" is derived from the Persian word "kunash", meaning "discussion" or "conversation." |
| Latin | The Latin verb "concilio" also means "to reconcile", which is why in some languages, the word for a council or an advisory group is a cognate of this word, such as "concilio" in Spanish, or "conziglio" in Italian. |
| Latvian | "Padome" in Latvian ultimately derives from the Proto-Indo-European root "*ped-" meaning "foot," and is cognate with the English word "pedestal." |
| Lithuanian | The word "taryba" is also used to refer to a committee or board. |
| Luxembourgish | "Gemengerot" is related to the Old High German word "gimeini", originally denoting the whole of the inhabitants entitled to attend and participate in a general public assembly. |
| Macedonian | The Macedonian word "совет" (council) derives from the Proto-Slavic word "*sъvětъ", which also meant "advice" or "suggestion". |
| Malagasy | Filan-kevitra derives from the word filana meaning "such" and kevitra "speech", hence "such speech". |
| Malay | The word "majlis" in Malay can also refer to a gathering or assembly for a specific purpose, such as a wedding or a religious ceremony. |
| Malayalam | The word 'കൗൺസിൽ' ('council') in Malayalam is derived from the English word 'council', which in turn comes from the Latin word 'concilium', meaning 'assembly' or 'meeting'. |
| Maltese | "Kunsill", the Maltese word for "council", derives from the Sicilian "cunsilliu", itself from the Latin "consilium" (advice). |
| Maori | The word "kaunihera" (council) derives from "kauni" (to gather, assemble) and "hera" (group, gathering), reflecting the collective nature of the body. |
| Marathi | "परिषद" is a Sanskrit-derived term that can also refer to a group of people who gather for discussion, a symposium or a conference. |
| Mongolian | The word "зөвлөл" also refers to a person or group of people who give advice or make decisions on behalf of others, similar to the usage of "council" in English. |
| Myanmar (Burmese) | The Burmese word "ကောင်စီ" (council) is derived from the Pali word "saṅghī" ("community of monks") and originally referred to a group of Buddhist monks or nuns. |
| Nepali | परिषद comes from the Sanskrit word 'परिषद्', meaning 'assembly' or 'gathering'. |
| Norwegian | The Norwegian word "råd" also means "advice" and is cognate with the English word "rede." |
| Nyanja (Chichewa) | The word "khonsolo" could be derived from the root "khono" meaning "to gather". |
| Pashto | The word "شورا" can also refer to a "meeting" or "assembly" in Pashto. |
| Persian | شورا derives from Proto-Indo-Iranian *h₂éḱwr̥s meaning "lord"} |
| Polish | "Rada" comes from the Old Church Slavonic word "rьda" meaning "gathering, assemblage" and also shares a root with the word "rada" meaning "joy, satisfaction" |
| Portuguese (Portugal, Brazil) | The word "conselho" is derived from the Latin word "concilium", meaning "assembly" or "meeting", and also refers to the opinions or advice given by a group of people. |
| Punjabi | The word "ਸਭਾ" is thought to derive from the Sanskrit word "sabhā" which also means "council" or assembly, but the Punjabi word can also be translated as "gathering". |
| Romanian | The Romanian word "consiliu" (council) comes from the Latin word "concilium" (assembly, meeting), which in turn comes from the verb "concire" (to rouse or excite), suggesting the idea of a group of people coming together to discuss and decide. |
| Russian | In Russian, "совет" can also mean a piece of advice or a suggestion. |
| Samoan | The word "fono" can also be used to refer to a traditional meeting house. |
| Scots Gaelic | The Gaelic word "comhairle" shares the same root with the words "comhraidh" (conversation) and "comharra" (sign), highlighting its communicative and deliberative nature. |
| Serbian | The word "савет" also means "advice" or "hint" in Serbian |
| Sesotho | The word 'lekhotla' derives from the root word 'khothala', which means 'to gather' or 'to assemble'. |
| Shona | In Shona, "kanzuru" can also refer to a collection of people gathered for a specific purpose. |
| Sindhi | The word 'ڪائونسل' in Sindhi is derived from the Persian word 'kānsēl', which means 'a meeting or an assembly of people for the purpose of consultation'. It can also refer to a 'board' or a 'group of advisors'. |
| Sinhala (Sinhalese) | සභා is a Sanskrit loanword that means 'assembly', 'meeting', or 'conference' |
| Slovak | "Rada" also means "joy" or "delight" in some dialects. |
| Slovenian | "Sveta" also means "light" and is related to the Slavic word "svitlo," meaning "to shine". |
| Somali | In Somali language, the word ''golaha'' has different connotations, such as ''council'', ''gathering'', or ''collection'' |
| Spanish | Although 'Consejo' (council) comes from the Latin word 'Consilium' (advice), it also has the alternate meaning of 'advice' itself in Spanish. |
| Sundanese | In Sundanese, 'déwan' originally meant 'a council of elders', but now also refers to elected representatives in parliament. |
| Swahili | The word "baraza" derives from the Persian word "bargah" which can mean "audience" or "court". In some contexts, it can also refer to a type of bench or raised platform used for public discourse. |
| Swedish | "Råd" in Swedish means advice, opinion, guidance, or a person or group who gives advice. |
| Tagalog (Filipino) | "Konseho" in Tagalog originally meant "order" or "command" and was adopted from the Spanish "consejo", which derived from the Latin "consilium" (advice). |
| Tajik | The word "шӯро" in Tajik is derived from the Persian word "shūrā", which means "consultation" or "deliberation." |
| Tamil | The word 'சபை' can also refer to a gathering or assembly, especially one for religious or social purposes. |
| Telugu | The Telugu word "కౌన్సిల్" means not only "council", but it also sometimes denotes a "group" of people. |
| Thai | The word "สภา" (council) is derived from the Sanskrit word "sabhā", which means "assembly" or "meeting place". |
| Turkish | The word "konsey" in Turkish can also refer to a group of people who advise or make decisions for a government or organization. |
| Ukrainian | "Ради" comes from the Old Slavic word "rada" (meeting, assembly, council), which is cognate with the German "Rat" and the Latin "reor" (to think). |
| Urdu | In Urdu, the word 'کونسل' can also refer to a 'consulate' or a 'meeting place'. |
| Uzbek | The term "kengash" derives from the verb "keŋ-", meaning "to grow wide" and is cognate with the Persian term "gandž", meaning "treasure". |
| Vietnamese | The word "hội đồng" originally meant "meeting" or "gathering" in Vietnamese, but its meaning has since evolved to specifically refer to a body of people assembled for deliberative or advisory purposes. |
| Welsh | The word 'cyngor' is derived from the Proto-Celtic word 'komboros', meaning 'assembly' or 'gathering'. |
| Xhosa | Ibhunga is also a type of tree that can be found in the Eastern Cape region of South Africa. |
| Yiddish | In addition to "council," "ראט" can also refer to a governing body or a meeting, and is often used to signify organizations with political or revolutionary leanings. |
| Yoruba | The Yoruba word "igbimọ" can also refer to a secret society or a meeting of chiefs. |
| Zulu | The Zulu word "umkhandlu" also means "a place of meeting" or "a gathering". |
| English | The word “council” comes from the Latin word “concilium”, which means "assembly or meeting". In the Roman Republic, it referred to assemblies held by the Roman senate, while in medieval England it was the name given to both the town assemblies and the assemblies of the church. |