Afrikaans argument | ||
Albanian argument | ||
Amharic ክርክር | ||
Arabic جدال | ||
Armenian փաստարկ | ||
Assamese তৰ্কাতৰ্কি | ||
Aymara arsu | ||
Azerbaijani mübahisə | ||
Bambara sɔsɔli | ||
Basque argumentua | ||
Belarusian аргумент | ||
Bengali যুক্তি | ||
Bhojpuri बहस | ||
Bosnian argument | ||
Bulgarian аргумент | ||
Catalan argument | ||
Cebuano panaglalis | ||
Chinese (Simplified) 论据 | ||
Chinese (Traditional) 論據 | ||
Corsican argumentu | ||
Croatian argument | ||
Czech argument | ||
Danish argument | ||
Dhivehi ޝަކުވާ | ||
Dogri बैहस | ||
Dutch argument | ||
English argument | ||
Esperanto argumento | ||
Estonian argument | ||
Ewe nyahehe | ||
Filipino (Tagalog) argumento | ||
Finnish perustelu | ||
French argument | ||
Frisian argumint | ||
Galician argumento | ||
Georgian არგუმენტირება | ||
German streit | ||
Greek διαφωνία | ||
Guarani tembiakuaapy | ||
Gujarati દલીલ | ||
Haitian Creole agiman | ||
Hausa muhawara | ||
Hawaiian paio | ||
Hebrew טַעֲנָה | ||
Hindi बहस | ||
Hmong sib cav | ||
Hungarian érv | ||
Icelandic rök | ||
Igbo arụmụka | ||
Ilocano argumento | ||
Indonesian argumen | ||
Irish argóint | ||
Italian discussione | ||
Japanese 引数 | ||
Javanese padu | ||
Kannada ವಾದ | ||
Kazakh дәлел | ||
Khmer អាគុយម៉ង់ | ||
Kinyarwanda impaka | ||
Konkani वाद | ||
Korean 논의 | ||
Krio agyu | ||
Kurdish bersivk | ||
Kurdish (Sorani) مشتومڕ | ||
Kyrgyz аргумент | ||
Lao ການໂຕ້ຖຽງ | ||
Latin ratio | ||
Latvian arguments | ||
Lingala likanisi | ||
Lithuanian argumentas | ||
Luganda enkaayana | ||
Luxembourgish argument | ||
Macedonian аргумент | ||
Maithili तर्क | ||
Malagasy fandresen-dahatra | ||
Malay hujah | ||
Malayalam വാദം | ||
Maltese argument | ||
Maori tautohe | ||
Marathi युक्तिवाद | ||
Meiteilon (Manipuri) ꯃꯔꯩ ꯌꯦꯠꯅꯕ | ||
Mizo inhnialna | ||
Mongolian маргаан | ||
Myanmar (Burmese) အငြင်းအခုံ | ||
Nepali तर्क | ||
Norwegian argument | ||
Nyanja (Chichewa) mkangano | ||
Odia (Oriya) ଯୁକ୍ତି | ||
Oromo falmii | ||
Pashto دلیل | ||
Persian بحث و جدل | ||
Polish argument | ||
Portuguese (Portugal, Brazil) argumento | ||
Punjabi ਦਲੀਲ | ||
Quechua rimanakuy | ||
Romanian argument | ||
Russian аргумент | ||
Samoan finauga | ||
Sanskrit तर्क | ||
Scots Gaelic argamaid | ||
Sepedi ngangišano | ||
Serbian расправа | ||
Sesotho ngangisano | ||
Shona nharo | ||
Sindhi دليل | ||
Sinhala (Sinhalese) තර්කය | ||
Slovak argument | ||
Slovenian prepir | ||
Somali dood | ||
Spanish argumento | ||
Sundanese argumen | ||
Swahili hoja | ||
Swedish argument | ||
Tagalog (Filipino) pagtatalo | ||
Tajik далел | ||
Tamil வாதம் | ||
Tatar аргумент | ||
Telugu వాదన | ||
Thai การโต้เถียง | ||
Tigrinya ክትዕ | ||
Tsonga phikizana | ||
Turkish tartışma | ||
Turkmen argument | ||
Twi (Akan) akyinnyeɛ | ||
Ukrainian аргумент | ||
Urdu دلیل | ||
Uyghur تالاش-تارتىش | ||
Uzbek dalil | ||
Vietnamese tranh luận | ||
Welsh dadl | ||
Xhosa impikiswano | ||
Yiddish אַרגומענט | ||
Yoruba ariyanjiyan | ||
Zulu impikiswano |
| Language | Etymology / Notes |
|---|---|
| Afrikaans | “Argument” in Afrikaans comes from the Dutch word for disagreement, rather than the English word for a logical debate. |
| Albanian | The Albanian word 'argument' comes from the Latin verb 'arguo' meaning 'to prove or argue', and can also refer to a 'proof', 'reason' or 'dispute'. |
| Amharic | In addition to meaning 'argument', “ክርክር” can also refer to 'the process of chewing food' or a 'disagreement between people. |
| Arabic | The word "جدال" in Arabic can also refer to "disputation" or "debate" in a religious or academic context. |
| Armenian | The word "փաստարկ" is derived from the Greek word "παράγραφος", meaning "a piece of writing" or "a passage". |
| Azerbaijani | The word "mübahisə" is derived from the Arabic word "muḥāṭṭa", meaning "conversation" or "discussion" |
| Basque | The Basque word "argumentua" originates from the Latin "argumentum" and also means "theme" or "matter". |
| Belarusian | The Belarusian word “аргумент” also means “proof” in Russian and “reason” in Latin. |
| Bengali | The word "যুক্তি" can also mean "reason" or "logic" in Bengali. |
| Bosnian | The word "argument" is derived from the Latin word "argumentum", which means "proof" or "evidence." |
| Bulgarian | In Bulgarian, the word "аргумент" can also refer to an excuse or proof. |
| Catalan | The Catalan word "argument" derives from the Latin "argumentum" and also means "evidence" or "proof." |
| Cebuano | The term may refer to any kind of extended conversation that focuses on opposing viewpoints, including debate and discussion. |
| Chinese (Simplified) | 论据 (lunjù) is composed of two characters: 论 (lùn), meaning "to discuss or argue," and 据 (jù), meaning "evidence or proof." |
| Chinese (Traditional) | In philosophical usage, "論據" can refer to evidence or reasoning, while in a legal context, it specifically means the arguments presented by one party in a case. |
| Corsican | Corsican word "argumentu" derives from the Latin word "argumentum" and also means "proof" or "evidence". |
| Croatian | The word 'argument' can also refer to a mathematical operation or a musical theme. |
| Czech | The Czech word "argument" also means "proof", "reason", or "evidence", a usage preserved from Middle Latin. |
| Danish | In Danish, "argument" also means "theme" or "thesis". |
| Dutch | In Dutch, "argument" can also refer to a sum of money given to a lawyer to plead a case, or to a plot or premise of a play. |
| Esperanto | The root of the word "argumento" is the Latin word "argumentum", which means "reasoning" or "proof." |
| Estonian | "Argument" can also mean "proof, evidence, reason" |
| Finnish | Perustelu derives from the Proto-Finnic word *perustus, meaning 'foundation' or 'basis'. |
| French | "Argument" can also mean "proof" or "evidence" in French, and "plot" in film or drama. |
| Frisian | In Frisian, the word "argumint" also means "disagreement" or "dispute". |
| Galician | As the plural form 'argumentos' translates as 'clothes', it can refer to the 'cloth' or 'fabric'. |
| Georgian | The word "argumentireba" has ancient Greek origin, and means "to show off". |
| German | The German word "Streit" can also refer to a legal dispute, conflict, or fight. |
| Greek | The Greek word "διαφωνία" can also refer to disagreement, dissonance, or a lack of harmony. |
| Gujarati | The Gujarati word "દલીલ" is also cognate with the Urdu word "دلیل" (proof). |
| Haitian Creole | The word "agiman" in Haitian Creole originated from the French word "argument". |
| Hausa | In Hausa, the word "muhawara" can also mean "admonition" or "speech" |
| Hawaiian | In the Hawaiian language, "paio" can also refer to the act of striking something or someone. |
| Hebrew | In 1 Kings 5:18 it denotes a "burden" or "load" of merchandise carried by mules |
| Hindi | The word "बहस" can also mean "discussion" or "debate" in Hindi. |
| Hmong | A "sib cav" is a dispute brought by a clan or lineage, rather than an individual. |
| Hungarian | "Érv" (argument) originally meant "reason" in Hungarian and is cognate with the Slavic word "razum" (reason). |
| Icelandic | The word 'rök' in Icelandic, meaning 'argument', is derived from the Old Norse word 'reykr', which means 'smoke', reflecting the heated nature of debates. |
| Igbo | The Igbo word "arụmụka" also means "discussion" or "conversation." |
| Indonesian | 'Argumen' is derived from the Proto-Austronesian word *pakru, meaning 'to speak' or 'to state'. |
| Irish | The word "argóint" in Irish comes from the Latin word "argumentum", meaning "proof" or "evidence." |
| Italian | The Italian word "discussione" derives from the Latin "discutere," meaning "to shake thoroughly." |
| Japanese | 引数 comes from the Sino-Japanese reading of the Chinese word 引數, which originally meant "pulling a thread through a hole". |
| Javanese | "Padu" also means "a pair" or "a matching set" in Javanese. |
| Kannada | "ವಾದ" also means 'opinion' and is derived from the Sanskrit word 'vada' meaning 'assertive speech'. |
| Kazakh | The word "дәлел" (dalel) is derived from the Arabic word "daliyl" (دليل) and can have alternate meanings such as "proof", "evidence", or "a sign of God". |
| Khmer | It is derived from the French word "argument" and can also refer to a disagreement or debate. |
| Korean | The Korean word "논의" (argument) also has the alternate meaning of "discussion" or "debate" in a more positive and open context. |
| Kurdish | The word "bersivk" is derived from the Persian word "bahs", which also means "argumentation" or "debate". |
| Kyrgyz | In Kyrgyz, “argument” also means “proof” or “evidence.” |
| Latin | In Latin, “ratio” means both “argument” and “reason”. |
| Latvian | The word "arguments" in Latvian also means "reasons" or "proofs". |
| Lithuanian | The Latin word "argumentum" means both "proof" and "subject" of an argument. |
| Luxembourgish | In Luxembourgish, "Argument" can also mean "reason" or "ground". |
| Macedonian | The word "аргумент" originates from the Latin word "argumentum", which means "proof", "reason", or "evidence". |
| Malagasy | The word “fandresen-dahatra” literally means “to pull out the tongue” in Malagasy. |
| Malay | The word "hujah" also means "proof" or "evidence" in Arabic, its language of origin. |
| Malayalam | വാദം also means 'debate', 'discussion', 'disputation', or 'controversy' in Malayalam. |
| Maltese | The Maltese word "argument" can also mean "subject matter" |
| Maori | The word "tautohe" can also refer to a debate or discussion. |
| Marathi | The word 'युक्तिवाद' ('argument') in Marathi is derived from the Sanskrit word 'युक्ति' ('reasoning', 'logic'), and it also means 'stratagem' or 'expedient'. |
| Mongolian | The Mongolian word |
| Nepali | The word "तर्क" (tarka) in Nepali derives from the Sanskrit word "तर्क" (tarka), meaning "reasoning, logic, or debate". |
| Norwegian | The Norwegian word "argument" has the additional meaning of "theme". |
| Nyanja (Chichewa) | The word "mkangano" in Nyanja (Chichewa) can also refer to a "dispute" or "quarrel". |
| Pashto | It is borrowed from Persian or Arabic and shares a common origin with the English word "dialectic", which refers to the art of argumentation and debate. |
| Persian | The Persian word 'بحث وجدل' ('argument') comes from the Arabic word 'bahth', meaning 'to search' or 'to investigate'. |
| Polish | "Argument" can also mean "evidence" or "proof". |
| Portuguese (Portugal, Brazil) | The Portuguese word "argumento" originally referred to proof presented in a court of law. |
| Punjabi | The word "ਦਲੀਲ" can also mean "proof" or "evidence" in Punjabi. |
| Romanian | The Romanian word "argument" can also mean a proof or evidence. |
| Russian | The Russian word "argument" can also mean "proof", "premise", or "reason". |
| Samoan | The Samoan word "finauga" can also refer to a debate or a discussion. |
| Scots Gaelic | The word "argamaid" can also refer to a "quarrel", "debate", or "dispute" in Scots Gaelic. |
| Serbian | The word "расправа" comes from the Proto-Slavic root *sъprati, meaning "to judge". |
| Sesotho | In Sesotho, 'ngangisano' can also refer to a 'debate' or 'dispute' with a connotation of two or more parties actively engaging in a discussion or argument. |
| Shona | The word 'nharo' (argument) in Shona can also refer to a heated disagreement or a debate. |
| Sindhi | The Sindhi word "دليل" can also mean "proof" or "evidence". |
| Sinhala (Sinhalese) | The word "තර්කය" can also mean "logic" or "reasoning" in addition to "argument" |
| Slovak | "Argument" in Slovak also means "proof" or "evidence". |
| Slovenian | The verb 'prepirati' derives from 'pir', meaning 'feast'. |
| Somali | The Somali word "dood" can also refer to a "conversation" or "debate". |
| Spanish | In Spanish, "argumento" can also refer to the plot of a story or play, or to a proof or demonstration. |
| Sundanese | The word "argumen" in Sundanese has an alternate meaning of "reason" or "motive". |
| Swahili | The Swahili word "hoja" can also mean "proof" or "evidence". |
| Swedish | The Swedish word “argument” comes from the Latin “argumentum” meaning “proof” or “evidence”. |
| Tagalog (Filipino) | The Tagalog word "pagtatalo" has alternate meanings such as "disagreement" and "contradiction." |
| Tajik | The noun `далел` in Tajik also has the meanings `excuse`, `proof`, `evidence`, and `basis`. |
| Tamil | The Tamil word "வாதம்" has multiple meanings, including "debate" but also "discussion", "argument", "theory" or "doctrine."} |
| Telugu | The verb form of "వాదన" (argument) is "వాదించు" (to argue), which can also mean "to defend" or "to prove" something. |
| Thai | The word "การโต้เถียง" can also refer to a "debate" or "dispute". |
| Turkish | The Turkish word "tartışma" can also refer to a debate or discussion, rather than just an argument. |
| Ukrainian | In Ukrainian, "аргумент" can also refer to a sum of money given to a lawyer or official in exchange for services. |
| Urdu | The word "دلیل" can also mean "proof", "sign", or "evidence". |
| Uzbek | The word "dalil" can also mean "proof" or "evidence" in Uzbek. |
| Vietnamese | The word 'tranh luận' can also refer to a debate or a discussion. |
| Welsh | Welsh word "dadl" also means a petition or plea. |
| Xhosa | The Xhosa word "impikiswano" (argument) is derived from the verb "ukuphikisa" (to oppose). |
| Yiddish | In Yiddish, the word "אַרגומענט" can refer to a topic or subject of discussion. |
| Yoruba | The word "ariyanjiyan" can also refer to a heated debate or discussion |
| Zulu | The word "impikiswano" (argument) in Zulu comes from the root word "pika", meaning "to pick" or "to choose". |
| English | The word "argument" derives from the Latin "argumentum," meaning "proof," and has additional meanings such as "a reason or set of reasons given in support of a claim or proposition" and "a discussion or debate in which opposing viewpoints are expressed." |