Afrikaans raad | ||
Albanian këshilla | ||
Amharic ምክር | ||
Arabic النصيحة | ||
Armenian խորհուրդ | ||
Assamese পৰামৰ্শ | ||
Aymara ixwa | ||
Azerbaijani məsləhət | ||
Bambara laadilikan | ||
Basque aholkuak | ||
Belarusian парада | ||
Bengali পরামর্শ | ||
Bhojpuri सलाह | ||
Bosnian savjet | ||
Bulgarian съвет | ||
Catalan consells | ||
Cebuano tambag | ||
Chinese (Simplified) 忠告 | ||
Chinese (Traditional) 忠告 | ||
Corsican cunsigliu | ||
Croatian savjet | ||
Czech rada | ||
Danish råd | ||
Dhivehi ނަޞޭޙަތް | ||
Dogri सलाह् | ||
Dutch advies | ||
English advice | ||
Esperanto konsiloj | ||
Estonian nõuanne | ||
Ewe aɖaŋu | ||
Filipino (Tagalog) payo | ||
Finnish neuvoja | ||
French conseil | ||
Frisian rie | ||
Galician consello | ||
Georgian რჩევა | ||
German rat | ||
Greek συμβουλή | ||
Guarani moñe'ẽ | ||
Gujarati સલાહ | ||
Haitian Creole konsèy | ||
Hausa shawara | ||
Hawaiian ʻōlelo aʻoaʻo | ||
Hebrew עֵצָה | ||
Hindi सलाह | ||
Hmong tswv yim | ||
Hungarian tanács | ||
Icelandic ráðh | ||
Igbo ndụmọdụ | ||
Ilocano balakad | ||
Indonesian nasihat | ||
Irish comhairle | ||
Italian consigli | ||
Japanese 助言 | ||
Javanese saran | ||
Kannada ಸಲಹೆ | ||
Kazakh кеңес | ||
Khmer ដំបូន្មាន | ||
Kinyarwanda inama | ||
Konkani सल्लो | ||
Korean 조언 | ||
Krio advays | ||
Kurdish şêwr | ||
Kurdish (Sorani) ئامۆژگاری | ||
Kyrgyz кеңеш | ||
Lao ຄຳ ແນະ ນຳ | ||
Latin consilium | ||
Latvian padoms | ||
Lingala toli | ||
Lithuanian patarimas | ||
Luganda okuwabula | ||
Luxembourgish berodung | ||
Macedonian совети | ||
Maithili सलाह | ||
Malagasy toro-hevitra | ||
Malay nasihat | ||
Malayalam ഉപദേശം | ||
Maltese parir | ||
Maori tohutohu | ||
Marathi सल्ला | ||
Meiteilon (Manipuri) ꯄꯥꯎꯇꯥꯛ | ||
Mizo thurawn | ||
Mongolian зөвлөгөө | ||
Myanmar (Burmese) အကြံဥာဏ် | ||
Nepali सल्लाह | ||
Norwegian råd | ||
Nyanja (Chichewa) malangizo | ||
Odia (Oriya) ପରାମର୍ଶ | ||
Oromo gorsa | ||
Pashto مشوره | ||
Persian مشاوره | ||
Polish rada | ||
Portuguese (Portugal, Brazil) adendo | ||
Punjabi ਸਲਾਹ | ||
Quechua kunay | ||
Romanian sfat | ||
Russian совет | ||
Samoan fautuaga | ||
Sanskrit उपदेशः | ||
Scots Gaelic comhairle | ||
Sepedi maele | ||
Serbian савет | ||
Sesotho boeletsi | ||
Shona zano | ||
Sindhi صلاح | ||
Sinhala (Sinhalese) උපදෙස් | ||
Slovak radu | ||
Slovenian nasvet | ||
Somali talo | ||
Spanish consejo | ||
Sundanese naséhat | ||
Swahili ushauri | ||
Swedish råd | ||
Tagalog (Filipino) payo | ||
Tajik маслиҳат | ||
Tamil ஆலோசனை | ||
Tatar киңәш | ||
Telugu సలహా | ||
Thai คำแนะนำ | ||
Tigrinya ምኽሪ | ||
Tsonga xitsundzuxo | ||
Turkish tavsiye | ||
Turkmen maslahat | ||
Twi (Akan) afutuo | ||
Ukrainian порада | ||
Urdu مشورہ | ||
Uyghur مەسلىھەت | ||
Uzbek maslahat | ||
Vietnamese khuyên bảo | ||
Welsh cyngor | ||
Xhosa ingcebiso | ||
Yiddish עצה | ||
Yoruba imọran | ||
Zulu iseluleko |
| Language | Etymology / Notes |
|---|---|
| Afrikaans | The Afrikaans word "raad" also means "council", a collective of people who advise and govern. |
| Albanian | The word "këshilla" derives from the Latin word "consilium", meaning "a meeting of persons, counsel, or plan". |
| Amharic | "ምክር" can also mean "secret" or "conspiracy" in Amharic |
| Arabic | النصيحة also means the "heart's best intentions" |
| Armenian | In Old Armenian, խորհուրդ (khorhurd) also meant "secret, mystery, sacrament," as it is etymologically linked to the word խոր (khor), which means "deep." |
| Azerbaijani | The word məsləhət comes from the Arabic word "mashwara" meaning "consultation". |
| Basque | The Basque word "aholkuak" comes from the verb "aholkatu" meaning to "advise" and was influenced by an old Basque word "alku" meaning "beginning" |
| Belarusian | The word "парада" can also refer to a type of traditional Belarusian song. |
| Bengali | The word "পরামর্শ" in Bengali is derived from the Sanskrit word "परमर्श" (paramarsha), meaning "consultation" or "deliberation". |
| Bosnian | The word "savjet" also has an alternate meaning: "a council or assembly" |
| Bulgarian | The Bulgarian word 'съвет' also means 'council' (in its governing sense) and is cognate with the Russian word 'совет' which also means 'council' (but usually of the governing type) as well as 'advice'. |
| Catalan | The Catalan word "consells" also means "municipal councils" or "local authorities" in the autonomous region of Catalonia. |
| Cebuano | It may also refer to a type of tree or its wood. |
| Chinese (Simplified) | The word “忠告” can also mean “warning |
| Chinese (Traditional) | "忠" means loyal and "告" means to tell, hence "忠告" means to tell (someone) something to help them. |
| Corsican | The word "cunsigliu" also can refer to town councils in Corsica. |
| Croatian | The Croatian word 'savjet' is derived from the Proto-Slavic word 'sъvĕtъ', which means 'council' or 'assembly' |
| Czech | The Czech word "rada" has the same root as "to counsel". |
| Danish | "Råd" can also mean "council" or "assembly", deriving from Old Norse "ráð", meaning "consultation" or "deliberation". |
| Dutch | The Dutch word "advies" can also mean "notification" or "counsel". |
| Esperanto | The word "konsiloj" comes from the root "konsil-," meaning "to deliberate or consult." |
| Estonian | The Estonian word "nõuanne" is related to the Finnish word "neuvo" and the Russian word "наставление" (nastavleniye), all meaning "advice".} |
| Finnish | The word "neuvoja" is also used in Finnish to refer to an advisor or a counselor. |
| French | Conseil is also the name of a character from the Jules Verne novel "Twenty Thousand Leagues Under the Sea" who serves as an advisor to Captain Nemo. |
| Frisian | The Frisian word "rie" is cognate with the English word "rede," meaning "advice" or "counsel." |
| Galician | In Galician, "consello" is synonymous with "acordo" or "decisión" (agreement or decision), and etymologically related to the Latin words "consilium" and "consulere". |
| Georgian | The word 'რჩევა' in Georgian can also refer to a 'recommendation' or a 'piece of counsel' |
| German | In German, "Rat" not only means "advice" but also "council" or "senate". |
| Greek | "Συμβουλή" derives from "βουλή" (will, command) and the prefix "συν" (together), meaning "sharing of counsel". |
| Gujarati | "સલાહ" originates from the Persian word "salah" meaning "opinion, counsel, advice." |
| Haitian Creole | The Haitian Creole word "konsèy" is derived from the French word "conseil", which also means "advice", and can refer to a group of advisors or a council. |
| Hausa | The Hausa word 'shawara' also signifies 'consultation', indicating the reciprocal and collaborative nature of exchanging knowledge and guidance. |
| Hawaiian | 'Ōlelo aʻoaʻo' in Hawaiian originally referred to ancestral knowledge passed down through generations. |
| Hebrew | עֵצָה is derived from the root עץ 'tree' and may refer to the notion of taking root or growing firmly in something. |
| Hindi | In Hindi, "सलाह" (advice) originates from the Arabic word "mashwara", which also means "consultation" or "deliberation" with others. |
| Hmong | "Tswv yim" comes from the root "tswv" meaning "to teach" and "yim" meaning "words", indicating that advice is a form of teaching through words. |
| Hungarian | The word "tanács" is related to both "talk" and "dance", suggesting its ancient origins in both verbal and physical communication. |
| Icelandic | From the Proto-Germanic word *rēdan, which also meant 'to speak' or 'to advise'. |
| Igbo | The term "ndụmọdụ" can also refer to "guidance" or "instruction" in Igbo. |
| Indonesian | "Nasihat" is derived from the Arabic word "nasiha," which means "to counsel" or "to advise." |
| Irish | The word 'comhairle' also means 'council' and derives from the Old Irish word 'comóro', meaning 'assembly' or 'gathering'. |
| Italian | The word "consigli" is derived from the Latin "consilium", meaning "plan" or "purpose." |
| Japanese | 助言 was a word used originally for a medical prescription but has come to mean advice in general. |
| Javanese | The term 'saran' in Javanese can also imply a warning or admonition. |
| Kannada | The word "ಸಲಹೆ" also means "tips" in some contexts. |
| Kazakh | The word "кеңес" also means "council" in Kazakh. |
| Khmer | "ដំបូន្មាន" is also used metaphorically to refer to an object used in spiritual rituals for protection from evil, and also as part of traditional Buddhist ceremonies, to bless people and their homes. |
| Korean | 조언 comes from the Chinese word 告言 (go-eon), which means "counsel, advice" or "to inform". |
| Kurdish | The word "şêwr" in the Kurmanji dialect of Kurdish has an alternate interpretation as "news" and is derived from the Persian word "shoor" meaning "salty water" or a "salt lake". |
| Kyrgyz | The word "кеңеш" can also mean "council" or "consultation" in Kyrgyz. |
| Latin | The word "consilium" comes from the Latin verb "consulo," meaning "to consult" or "to deliberate." |
| Latvian | "Padoms" is derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *ped-, meaning "foot", suggesting it originally meant "path" or "way to follow". |
| Lithuanian | The word "patarimas" derives from the Lithuanian root "tar", meaning "to speak". |
| Luxembourgish | "Berodung" is a derivative of the verb "beroden" (to advise), meaning "the act of advising or giving advice". |
| Macedonian | The word "совети" in Macedonian can also refer to "consultations" or "deliberations". |
| Malagasy | The Malagasy word "toro-hevitra" literally means "to exchange opinions". |
| Malay | "Nasihat" derives from Arabic and originally referred to the advice found in books, but now also includes spoken advice in Malay. |
| Malayalam | The word "ഉപദേശം" in Malayalam originated from the Sanskrit word "उपदेश" which means "instruction" or "precept". |
| Maltese | The verb "parir" can also mean "to give birth" in Maltese, demonstrating the overlapping semantic fields of advice and procreation. |
| Maori | In Maori, the origin of the word “tohutohu” could be traced back to a Polynesian root word meaning guidance, or to the word "tohu", meaning a beacon, landmark or signal. |
| Marathi | The Marathi word "सल्ला" has an alternative meaning of "a piece of bark or dried fruit with a small stone inside used in games like "lagori" |
| Mongolian | The Mongolian word "зөвлөгөө" can also mean "instruction" or "recommendation".} |
| Nepali | The word "सल्लाह" also means "suggestion" or "recommendation" in Nepali. |
| Norwegian | The word "råd" in Norwegian can also mean "council" or "governing body". |
| Nyanja (Chichewa) | The word 'malangizo' can also be used to refer to instructions, teachings, or commands. |
| Pashto | In Pashto, "مشوره" has additional meanings such as "consultation" and "suggestion." |
| Persian | The Persian word مشاورة, meaning advice, comes from the Arabic word شاور, meaning to consult. |
| Polish | The word "Rada" in Polish also means "council". |
| Portuguese (Portugal, Brazil) | "Adendo" can also mean "annex" or "addendum" in Portuguese (Portugal, Brazil). |
| Punjabi | The word “ਸਲਾਹ” (“advice”) in Punjabi originates from the Persian word "ਸਲāh"," that also means "counsel, guidance," or "consultation." |
| Romanian | Romanian "sfat" derives from Proto-Indo-European *h₁se-kʷ-ti-, meaning "to speak, to tell, to advise". |
| Russian | The word "совет" (advice) in Russian also means "council" and is cognate with the English word "soviet" |
| Samoan | The Samoan word "fautuaga" also carries the connotation of "guidance" or "instruction". |
| Scots Gaelic | The Gaelic word for 'advice' can also mean 'consultation' or 'deliberation'. |
| Serbian | The Serbian word "savet" originally meant "knowledge" or "counsel", and still does in some contexts. |
| Sesotho | The word 'boeletsi' in Sesotho is also used to refer to 'news'. |
| Shona | The word "zano" in Shona can also refer to "wisdom" or "knowledge". |
| Sindhi | In addition to its primary meaning of "advice" in Sindhi, "صلاح" ("salah") can also be used to refer to diplomacy, consultation, or deliberation. |
| Sinhala (Sinhalese) | Sinhala word "උපදෙස්" (advice) is derived from Sanskrit "उपदेश" (upadesha), meaning "instruction, teaching, advice" and is also loosely associated with the concept of "preaching". |
| Slovak | The word "radu" can also mean "rejoicing" or "happiness" in Romanian. |
| Slovenian | The word "nasvet" is derived from the Proto-Slavic word *съvětъ, meaning "council, meeting, agreement". It has cognates in other Slavic languages, such as Russian совет, Polish rada, and Czech rada. |
| Somali | The word "talo" in Somali can also refer to a "story" or a "discussion". |
| Spanish | "Consejo" derives from the Latin consilium, meaning "plan, purpose, or recommendation." |
| Sundanese | The word "naséhat" in Sundanese derives from the Arabic word "naṣīḥah" and also means "doctrine". |
| Swahili | The word "ushauri" in Swahili can also refer to a council or meeting. |
| Swedish | The word "råd" comes from the Old Norse word "ráð", which could mean both "advice" and "power". |
| Tagalog (Filipino) | "Payo" can also mean "bet" or "suggestion" depending on the context. |
| Tajik | "Маслиҳат" is derived from the Arabic word "mashwara", meaning "consultation" or "deliberation". |
| Tamil | The Tamil word 'ஆலோசனை' derives from the Sanskrit root 'āloch' meaning 'consider' and 'discuss', and is related to the English word 'allege'. |
| Telugu | The Telugu word "సలహా" is derived from the Arabic word "ṣalaḥ" which means "good". Hence its other meaning in Telugu is "well-wishing, blessings". |
| Thai | The literal meanings of "คำแนะนำ" are "words" and "push/pull", with the metaphorical meaning derived from the idea of using words to nudge someone into an action. |
| Turkish | The word "tavsiye" comes from the Arabic word "tawsiyah", meaning "recommendation" or "counsel". |
| Ukrainian | "Порада" (advice) originally meant "what needs to be done" from the verb "радити" (to consult, advise). |
| Urdu | The term ‘مشورہ’ can also denote ‘taking counsel’ or ‘deliberation’. |
| Uzbek | "Maslahat" also means "benefit" or "interest" in Uzbek. |
| Vietnamese | "khuyên bảo" literally means "to wear earrings" and can also mean "to advise" or "to guide". |
| Welsh | Cyngor is also used figuratively to refer to a group of people who give advice, such as a council or a board. |
| Xhosa | The term 'Ingcebiso' originates from the Xhosa word 'Ucebisa,' meaning 'to advise', indicating its role in counseling and providing guidance. |
| Yiddish | The Yiddish word "עצה" can also mean "tree" or "a plan." |
| Yoruba | The Yoruba word "imọran" is derived from the verb "mọ", meaning "to know" or "to understand", and the noun "oran", meaning "matter" or "thing." |
| Zulu | The word "iseluleko" in Zulu is derived from the verb "ukuselula", which means "to guide" or "to counsel". |
| English | The word 'advice' ultimately derives from the Latin 'advertere', meaning 'to turn to', referring to the act of giving attention to something before offering guidance. |